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Company Law in the 19th Century, 2003.
An analysis of the extent to which the rise of the dominance of company law in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was the inevitable consequence of technological advance.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Britain experienced what came to be known as the ?second industrial revolution? ? a period of major industrialization with changes to British industry as a whole and further to this, a change in the idea of the ?company? or firm. It looks at how hand in hand with this were technological advances, which it has been said spurred on this major change to life in Britain. It explores the technological advance in this period, how much of an effect it had on company law as such and to looks further at other features of this age which could have affected the rise of company law.
From the Paper
"By 1914, company law had overtaken the Joint Stock Company and the law of partnership as the most dominant form of industrial organization in Britain. As mentioned previously, this is often attributed to the increase in technological advances and the changes this made to industrial Britain. There was ?a relative decline of agriculture compared with other sectors such as industry? , and new industries were growing steadily throughout the nineteenth century, for example metals, mining and chemical trades. This was largely due to advances made in these fields, and with increased output came a rise in employment, most notably in the new industries of electrical engineering, and the motor trade. ?Mechanized mass production was spreading throughout the manufacturing industry? , and ?big business? was dominating Britain in one way or another, be it the larger scale production, or the large scale business organization. However, technological advance was not necessarily the main reason for this increase."
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Company Law, 2007.
An analysis of company and contractual law within a case study of ITbitz Ltd.
3,518 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a case study that focuses on company law. The paper begins by analyzing, in general, a contract and its terms and conditions. It then presents some examples of past cases to explain the point of contracts. The paper then presents a case study and discusses the responsibilities and rights of the directors of ITbitz Ltd. It particularly focuses on the contracts signed by the directors and the implications of these contracts.
Table of Contents:
A Contract
Misuse of Power by Eros
Removing Eros from the Post of Director
Setting up of a New Company by Cupid and How the Board of ITbitz can Stop Him
Appendix
From the Paper
"Breach of a fiduciary duty gives rise to a right in the company to pursue equitable remedies against the director. In addition to fiduciary duties, which are owed to the company by directors, directors are also subject to statutory duties. The statutory duties mirror the fiduciary duties closely. Sec 181 is one of the civil penalty provisions: duty of a company officer to act in good faith in the best interests of the company and for a proper purpose. The civil penalty provisions relevant to directors' duties are the corporation/managed investment scheme civil penalty provisions. Where it is proved there has been a contravention of one of the corporation/managed investment scheme civil penalty provisions, the company damaged by the contravention can seek a compensation order or ASIC can seek a pecuniary penalty order, a disqualification order or a compensation order. Thus failure to disclose interests will give the right to rescind the contract therefore Diana, Aphrodite and Bacchus can remove Eros from the director's post."
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Comparative Company Law, 2005.
This paper explores comparative company law, comparing the United Kingdom (UK) to France.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at comparative company law that compares the United Kingdom (UK) to France. The paper describes the primary governing laws for business in each country; The Principal Act and legislation in UK and a unified law in France. The paper also provides a definition of terms.
From the Paper
"This paper reviews company law in the United Kingdom, UK, and France. Basic structures, similarities and differences are reviewed. Company law in France is governed by a unified law. Company law in the UK is governed by a principal Act, however, the principal act is supplemented by several other pieces of legislation. The primary governing laws for companies in the UK are the Companies Acts: The principal Act and the Companies Act amended some sections of the Act."
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Zipf's Law and Benford's Law, 2007.
An analysis of the mathematical significance and applications of Zipf's Law and Benford's Law.
1,279 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses both Zipf's Law and Benford's Law. It describes the theories of each law in detail and discusses how they can be applied to various situations. It describes Zipf's Law as not a theoretical law, but rather an experimental law. The paper then discusses the significance of these two laws to the field of mathematics.
From the Paper
"However, there is some lack of precision where this is concerned. Most items have to occur a number of times that is actually an integer (Li, n.d.). In other words, a word that is seen within a document cannot appear in that document 2.5 number of times. It either must appear, in this example, 2 times or three times, since there cannot be an area of the document where only 1/2 of the word appears. Despite the fact that there is some variation and lack of precision, however, when wide ranges are examined and one only desires to have a relatively close approximation, many of the natural phenomena that are seen in this world do obey Zipf's law (Li, n.d.). This is seen to hold true as long as the individual examining the issue is not looking for scientific precision and will accept the slight variation that is seen."
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American Law and Jewish Law, 2003.
Discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha).
2,300 words (approx. 9.2 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between American law and Jewish law (the Halakha) in terms of change, obedience and morality. It discusses each legal systems' approach to obeying the law, law and change, and the nexus between law and morality.
From the Paper
"In discussing the idea of law legal scholar Dennis Lloyd stated that contemporary law in Western society is very much the product of influences emanating from the ancient Greeks and Hebrews who individually brought a ..."
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Case Law and Statute Law, 2005.
A theoretical comparison of these two sources of English law.
834 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define the differences between England's common and statute laws. It looks at how the laws are formed as well as their fundamental purpose. It examines how statute is interpreted and acted upon by the courts and how it follows that precedents are formed as new cases arise. It also demonstrates how over time, statute will become part of common law as judges follow previous decisions in new cases where applicable.
From the Paper
"For political bills or proposals to become statute, that is to become Acts of Parliament, they must first be debated in the House of Commons (this is made up of elected representatives of the wider public, Members of Parliament or MPs). However, this is just the start if the process: the proposed legislation must then be accepted by MPs by way of a successful vote and further ratified by acceptance in the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the supreme court in Britain and may refuse to pass the law; but a bill can be forced through using the Parliament Act if such action is deemed necessary for Parliament to fulfil its obligation to make laws in the best interests of the nation. "
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Social Law and Statutory Law, 2006.
An overview of the juvenile justice system in the U.S. and how it deals with juvenile delinquency.
932 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the juvenile justice system in the United States, explaining the reasons why it is separated from the regular crime system and how it is influenced by the political and social conditions of the state. Particular attention is paid to the juvenile justice system in California and how the system has increasingly focused on incarceration rather than rehabilitation. Finally, the paper discusses evidence indicating that mental health services at an early age are highly effective in treating potential juvenile offenders and turning them away from a life of crime.
From the Paper
"The main object of separating the juvenile justice system from the regular crime system had been on the assumption that minors were different from adults in their ability to make decisions and understand consequences, "The juvenile justice system has evolved over the years based on the premise that juveniles are different from adults and juveniles who commit criminal acts generally should be treated differently from adults" (Roberts, 2005). It was observed that the younger the offender, the more likely that a repeat offense would be stopped and a change in behavior would be observed. It was, therefore, thought that youngsters should be given the benefit of the doubt and should not be treated as adult offenders."
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Competency to Stand Trial in American Law and New York Law, 2000.
A brief look at the notion of competency or fitness to stand trial, as the notion has been shaped and changed since the 1960s.
2,235 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 14 sources, $ 69.95
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From the Paper
"The history of the doctrine of competency to stand trial arose in English common law out of a concern for fairness in the trial of accused persons who, if found guilty of criminal charges, would suffer deprivations of liberty and other penalties. One of the earliest United States Supreme Court cases (Dusky v. United States,1960) determined that a defendant's competency to stand trial depended on "whether he has sufficient present ability to consult with his lawyer with a reasonable degree of rational understanding" and "whether he has a rational as well as factual understanding of the proceedings against him"."
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Forming a Bank Holding Company, 2004.
A research paper that examines the structure, governance, and regulations in forming a bank holding company.
14,700 words (approx. 58.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This research paper describes the process of forming a bank holding company in the United States. The behavior of a bank holding company is strongly linked to the success of the banks it holds. Therefore, if business leaders can pinpoint how to set up a successful holding structure, they may have a better chance of successfully progressing their business. This study examines the positive and negative aspects of forming a bank holding company. By reviewing existing literature and conducting an empirical study, the author provides recommendations about the structure and governance of bank holding companies to help interested parties determine the best way to form a bank holding company.
Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose and Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2 ? Literature Review
Understanding Banks
Forming and Expanding a Bank Holding Company
Financial Holding Company Requirements
BHC Regulations
Capital Building Options for Bank Holding Companies
Pros and Cons of Forming a Bank Holding Company
Stocks and Governance
Corporate Governance and Banking Law
The Role of Bank and Holding Company Audit Committees
Chapter 3 - Methodology
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis
Chapter 5 - Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Third, when the governance of the holding company works as it should, all of the interested stakeholders become aligned. The umbrella supervisor, the holding company, the bank, and the bank supervisor should work toward the same goal: the safe and sound operation of the enterprise. Holding company control is one salutary structural feature that should remain."
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Nuremberg Laws vs. Jim Crow Laws, 2008.
A comparison of the practical differences between the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and the Jim Crow Laws in the United States and the racism upon which each of these legal systems was based.
8,467 words (approx. 33.9 pages), 46 sources, APA, $ 179.95
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Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the Nuremberg Laws in Germany with the Jim Crow Laws in the United States. It discusses each of these areas of racial regulation in turn and then further examines the subtle distinctions and clear practical differences between the dangerous racism upon which each of these legal systems was based. The paper includes APA style footnotes but does not include a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Jim Crow Laws in the United States and Nuremberg Laws in Germany
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Similarities in Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws' Regulation of Interracial Relationships and Underlying Legislative Intent
The Protection of Ethnic Purity: Contrast within in the Nuremberg and Jim Crow Laws on Interracial Relationships
Segregation in Education: Further Parallels in the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
Segregation in Education: Contrasting Aspects of the Jim Crow and Nuremberg Laws
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: Similar Laws and Practices Causing "Civil Death" of African-Americans in the United States and Jews in Nazi Germany
The Deprivation of Civil Rights: The Final Solution and the Purely Aryan State, and Further Examples of Where Nuremberg and Jim Crow Differ
Conclusion
From the Paper
"This huge disparity can be best explained by referring back to one of the most predominant differences in the purposes of the racially hierarchical systems in place in each country. The Jim Crow laws were passed because Southern state lawmakers were struggling to protect and preserve the white supremacy that they had always lived with, and prevent African-American advancement as a necessary part of this objective. Yet in Germany, the Nazi party's goal was always the total extermination of all undesirables, including Jews, and the legislative deprivation of citizenship was at least in some respects merely a means to that end. Finally, to go along with this fundamental difference, there is one last similarity between the racial laws of these countries: the painful memories of both the Holocaust and the Jim Crow era, and all of the violations of rights, liberties and freedoms that comprised both of these experiences, are certainly still fresh in the recollection of all nations involved, and are still highly prominent historical issues today even as those who lived through these events are increasingly no longer with us."
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Local Law Enforcement of Immigration Laws, 2006.
A discussion regarding the controversial topic of illegal immigration.
1,228 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.
From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "
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Four Publicly-Traded Companies, 2006.
This paper uses the prospectus and the quarterly and annual financial statements of each company as required by Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) to compare four publicly-traded companies: Bausch & Lomb, PepsiCo, The Gillette Co and Brush-Wellman.
1,170 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that publicly-traded companies, by law and in compliance with the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), must submit financial statements to the SEC and to their shareholders in accordance with Standard Accounting Practices and Auditing Procedures dictated by standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. The author points out that PepsiCo and the Gillette Company present different reporting styles; although both meet and far exceed all reporting requirements, the Gillette Company "plays it very close to the vest" by restricting the distribution of their data concerning their operations such as presenting their "Costs of Goods Sold" figures as muddled as they can keep them legally. The paper concludes that the consensus from this analysis of these four companies is that their current ratio trends should continue over the next two to four years, with the possible exception of Bausch & Lomb, which must address its stiff competition or continue to suffer the company's downward trend.
From the Paper
"Bausch & Lomb publish their Returns on Equity, a dismal 6.4%, and 43.86% below the Industry Average. In addition, their published Returns on Assets also are dismal at 2.1%, and 56.25% below the Industry Average, with their Returns on Inventory Costs equally bad at 4.7%, and 37.33% below Industry Average. This company is the only one of the four to publish data usable to calculate these returns. All three of the others do not publish the information; for security reasons, both government enforced and self imposed therefore these numbers are impossible to compute for them in any comparative format."
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Employment Law, 2006.
An outline of possible legal courses of action against a company that could be taken by one of the company's former employees.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the possible legal courses of action an employee of the ABC Science Company might pursue after his employment was terminated. The paper explains why the former employee was fired from the company and the available courses of action he could take against his former employee. The paper then narrows down the possible courses of actions according to which courses would apply best to the employee's situation and concludes by recommending that the company being sued pursue some sort of settlement with its former employee.
From the Paper
"John Doe, a Senior Vice President with ABC Science, was traveling in a cab in Washington, D.C. when the cab was involved in a major accident. Mr. Doe was severely injured in the accident and was paralyzed from the waist down. His injury makes him unable to work at his present job, but when he requested the company reassign him to his previous position of Software Engineer, which he could perform at home, ABC told Mr. Doe they were going to terminate his employment. Mr. Doe cannot afford to retire because he has five children, three of whom are teenagers."
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Criminal Law Summary, 2006.
Discusses a criminal law Public Law 104-132.
920 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses a criminal law, Public Law 104-132, that created disadvantage for the prosecution by preventing it from convicting a known terrorist supporter. The paper summarizes an article in Time magazine surrounding the case and provides an opinion as to what the law's weaknesses are and how the law should be addressed.
From the Paper
"The nation's laws are intended to bring the guilty to justice and preserve the freedoms of the innocent. However the laws do not always accomplish these goals effectively. Some laws are so poorly constructed that they provide ..."
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Contract and Tort Law, 2005.
A discussion regarding the legalities involved in Contract Law and Tort Law.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the differences between tort law and contract law, and how they impact on the individual and/or organization. According to this paper, taking legal action based on tort law and contract law, is not simple. One has to taken the issues involved into very careful consideration. This paper reviews the issues and the necessary steps to be taken.
From the Paper
"Tort law and contract law specifically impact individuals or organizations that believe that they have encountered others who have negatively impacted them in an intentional manner. Yet, the determination of finding legal recourse through tort law or contract law requires specific attention to the actions that have occurred, as well as whether or not those actions may encompass both areas of law in relation to the individual. Contract law is, by definition, an agreement between two parties in which both are willing to enter into a binding mutual exchange where both entities benefit. The contract states what the parties are willing to exchange and generally provides all of the stipulations of that agreement in documented or verbal form (Rowley). The documentation or verbal agreement allows the parties to have proof of their intentions, and should those intentions not be met either party has a legal recourse through lawsuit as necessary."
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