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Economics of Commercial Aviation, 2007.
This paper examines commercial aviation and the related economic conditions of the industry.
1,088 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that with rising fuel prices and terrorism as a backdrop, many of the world's major commercial airlines have filed bankruptcy, blaming the additional costs of fuel and security measures for their demise. The writer notes however, that this is not the case with every airline, which leads to interesting subject matter to validate an issue position. In this paper, the researcher validates the issue position that the economic collapse of many major airlines has not been caused by fuel and security, but rather by flaws in the typical commercial aviation business model. This position is justified by the citation of relevant literature and logical conclusions drawn from the research of same. The writer concludes that the aviation industry needs to continually strive for excellence if it is to avoid its own self-fulfilling prophecy.
Outline:
Presentation of Position
Commercial Aviation Still Holds Potential for Success
Modern Success Stories Exist
Current Events in Commercial Aviation
Bankruptcies are commonplace
Bankruptcies are Caused by Several Common Factors
Success Stories in Commercial Aviation
India's Aviation Renaissance
Low Cost Aviation Model
Proof of Position
Closing Thoughts
From the Paper
"The commercial aviation industry is chock full of an inordinate number of bankruptcies, with hundreds occurring over the past several decades. These events had been blamed on a wide variety of factors over the years. Over the last 6 months, there has been another rash of bankruptcies, which are currently being blamed on the excess costs of the security measures needed to protect commercial flights from terrorist infiltration and the rising cost of fuel, with sources reporting that the industry can only realistically pass 10% of the additional expenses on to the consumer for a variety of reasons."
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Marketing Commercial Aviation, 2004.
An analysis of the challenges facing the marketing of the commercial aviation industry.
1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the airline industry, the hardest hit by the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The paper presents the status of the industry and examines the marketing challenges facing commercial carriers. The paper briefly explores various marketing strategies and focuses on the high/low strategy as the most successful for this industry. Examples of this strategy are provided in the paper.
Contents
1) Status of the Industry
2) Marketing Problems Facing Carriers
3) Different Strategies
4) Description of High/Low Marketing Strategy
5) Why High/Low Strategy Is the Best Marketing Strategy
6) Examples of High/Low Marketing Strategy
7) Conclusion
8) Bibliography
From the Paper
"These industry ailments have forced several new marketing problems and exacerbated the old ones. The critical problem facing the industry, though, is the new revelation - in the post 9/11 era - that price is the overwhelming determining factor in airline choice. If two airlines offer even remotely similar routes, the choice that a business or pleasure traveler will make is rarely based on the number of stops or even on the airport - travelers are more than willing to smaller to a smaller, more distant airport today to save money - and definitely not on the reputation or size of the airline; and certainly not on the frills or amenities offered on board the flight."
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Commercial Aviation, 2005.
This paper is an extensive exploration of the literature to identify cost-effective initiatives which can be used by the commercial aviation industry to help promote customer satisfaction.
4,100 words (approx. 16.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper reports that the critical review of refereed and scholarly literature indicated that, in an effort to remain profitable, many airlines have engaged in an almost continuous process of mergers, divestitures and international joint ventures and partnerships. However, in spite of these approaches, all airlines have been affected to some extent by ever-increasing costs, globalization and the state of commercial air travel. The author points out that the research showed that, because of their sheer size, some air carriers such as American Airlines, have attempted to achieve their profitability goals through downsizing and outsourcing important components of their operations to third-party providers; however, other carriers, such as Delta and Southwest, have managed to persevere their employee relations and customer satisfaction initiatives, which have tended to more than offset the expenses involved. The paper recommends that the nation's air carriers should assume urgently developing programs, which will provide their customers with services that match their expectations instead of ignoring customer satisfaction in favor of their short-term profitability, and the bottom-line will likely take care of itself.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review of Relevant Literature and Research
Background and Overview
Security Issues and Passenger Satisfaction.
Industry Responses to Customer Satisfaction Issues.
Research Methodology
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper
"The authors add that the fifth gap is related to the size and direction of the first four gaps, and that it should be to narrow these gaps to the maximum extent possible; however, quality service is not delivered by aircraft or tarmacs or terminals, but rather by people (employees) to people (customers). Therefore, the human resource function has a critical role to play in satisfying the expectations of shareholders, employees, and customers alike. For airlines today, the human resource function can contribute to improved economic performance by building organizational capabilities, improving employee satisfaction, and improving customer satisfaction "
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Desynchronosis ( Jet-lag ) In Commercial Aviation, 1994.
This paper discusses desynchronosis ( Jet-lag ) and commercial aviation: Cause, biological and behavioral effects, circadian rhythms and sleep disturbances.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"The technological breakthroughs of the 20th century have raised many questions regarding physiologic adaptation and environmental adversity. One such area of research involves high speed travel and its effect on biological rhythms. Multiple time zone transitions result in a phenomenon known as desynchronization, or "jet lag." This condition can have significant biological and behavioral consequences; it could even, possibly, represent a potential threat to aircrews involved in transmeridian flights.
The first pilot to experience jet.lag was Wily Post. In 1933, he described various physiological alterations incurred while crossing time zones during global flight. These changes resulted primarily from shifts in ... "
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Hypoxia and Commercial Aviation, 1994.
This paper describes hypoxia, an oxygen-deprivation ailment and commercial aviation: Dangers in planes, effects on flight crew and safety measures.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Exposure to high altitudes can have adverse effects on human health. Symptoms may range from mild to severe, and typically involve both the central nervous system and the cardiorespiratory system. The use of pressurized cabins during high altitude flight precludes such problems. Occasional pressurization loss during flight, however, still does occur. Thus, commercial flight crews and passengers must be prepared for such a contingency. Both adequate equipment and training which emphasizes emergency procedures should be provided.
As elevation increases, air decreases in density. For example, at 18,000 feet atmospheric pressure is half its value at sea level. The most significant result of this decreased pressure is ... "
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Gyroscopes and Aviation, 2005.
An analysis of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes and how they relate to commercial aviation.
4,325 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
An inertial navigation system is comprised of gyroscopes, accelerometers and some type of processor. A gyroscope is a sensor that is able to measure rotation rates with respect to an inertial plane. Mechanical spinning-mass gyroscopes, though, are difficult to handle and require a high level of maintenance. Similarly, ring laser gyroscopes produce lock-in phenomena and require ongoing mechanical fine-tuning if they are to retain sensitivity at small rotation rates. This paper provides an overview and discussion of inertial navigation systems, the principles of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes and their application to commercial aviation. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Principles of Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscopes
Relationship of Interferometric Fiber Optic Gyroscope Principles to Commercial
Aviation
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
References
Appendix A
From the Paper
"In 1908, Sir Hiram Maxim published a book discussing his experiments in aeronautics. He described a gyroscopic stability augmentation device connected to the fore and aft elevators of a large, highly unstable airplane built and tested while tethered during the 1890s [1]. This device is believed to be the first example of aircraft automation and was patented in England in 1891. Early on in their flight experiments, Orville and Wilbur Wright also recognized the severe instability of their aircraft and independently developed stability augmentation devices. In 1913, Lawrence Sperry developed a more advanced gyroscopic stability augmentation system, which was demonstrated in flight [1]. The Sperry name was associated with aircraft automation for the next 60 years. Sperry automatic pilots (known as "autopilots") became available during the 1920s. In 1918, H. J. Taplin patented a nongyroscopic two-axis stabilization device that relied on differential aerodynamic pressures. This device was successfully flown in the United States in 1926 [1]. To date, with this sole exception (as far as is known), all successful autopilots during this period are believed to have utilized the gyroscopic principle. In 1933, a viable three-axis autopilot that was actuated solely by hydraulic and pneumatic power was an essential part of the equipment installed in Wiley Post's Lockheed Vega, Winnie Mae, for his solo around-the-world flight [1]."
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Henry Ford and Aviation, 2004.
A look at the contribution made by Henry Ford to the aviation industry in the U.S.A.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, while many people contributed to the birth of aviation in America, most of them are known to the public. Henry Ford also made a significant contribution, and the paper pays tribute to this. The writer shows how Ford laid many of the building blocks required for commercial aviation as we know them today: communication links, runways, airports, and finally, the all-metal aircraft with the Ford Tri-motor. The Ford Tri-motor became one of the world?s first successful passenger airliners.
From the Paper
"The Ford Tri-motor planes were produced during the 1920?s and the 1930?s. At that time, they were for a wide variety purposes. William B. Stout, an engineer and also a very bold and daring salesman scouted and reviewed designs for aircraft engines. He, however, required funding and approached many of the leading businessmen like Ford and Edsel. He managed to collect $20,000 to start the aircraft project. The Stout Metal Airplane Company developed the first Tri-motor airplane in the early 1925. The first model was known as the 2-AT Pullman and was a single engine plane. Ford acquired the Stout Metal Airplane Company in August 1925 and subsequently designed the 3-AT, which was not a successful plane."
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Economics and General Aviation, 2002.
This paper looks at the history of general aviation and its current situation following the Sept 11th attacks.
1,681 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the general aviation industry - its history and development. General aviation is defined as the segment of aviation other than commercial. The first section provides a brief overview of this industry, mentioning the issue of scarcity of facilities. It then discusses growth and number of the industry and this section includes charts and tables. Finally the writer examines how the general aviation history was effected by the 9-11 terror attacks.
From the Paper
"From the mid 1980's until the early 1990's, general aviation as an industry was in decline. New piston aircraft manufacturing was down. Pilots flew less, and many maintenance shops closed entirely. The supply of avionics technicians dwindled as many transferred to other careers due to the poor economic prospects. Compounding the situation is the demographics of the aviation shops in existence. On average, small avionics shops (ten employees or less) employ technicians who are over the age of 43. Seventy percent of small avionics shop owners are over the age of 53. Organizations such as the Aircraft Electronics Association (AEA) have scholarship programs to encourage new entrants into the field. However, most who graduate will end up working for the commercial airlines, lured by salaries and options.2 "
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Aviation Security, 2007.
This paper uses content analysis to examine the issue of aviation security following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
2,165 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, using content analysis to test the hypothesis surrounding aviation security, two press releases from the Government Accountability Office website were examined for common terms and references to aviation security measures. The author points out that this methodology focused on how the communications referred to aviation security and how frequently mention was made of changes in specific responses to the September 11 attacks. The author relates that this analysis identified that aviation security was breached due to inherent flaws in the system. The paper states that content analysis revealed that the current decentralized system with different parties responsible for various elements of aviation security is not optimal. The author stresses that terrorism is seen as unethical and politically illegitimate because its political aim is to kill the innocent. The paper includes a table and a graph.
Table of Contents
Introduction: Scope of the Study and the Uses of Content Analysis
Weaknesses of the Aviation Security: Using Content Analysis to Identify Trends
Aviation Security Current Position and Challenges Ahead: Content Analysis as a Prediction Mechanism
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) lax security measures, that had individuals who did not undergo background checks accessing and breaching the security of the air traffic control computer systems. Dillingham also identified that the FAA did not assess and accredit the air traffic control computer systems, perform the appropriate risk assessments to ensure that the computer system that was central to the aviation system was protected, nor did the FAA establish and implement any comprehensive security program."
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Study of Aviation Security using Content Analysis, 2008.
An analysis of two US press releases and how they reflect upon changes in aviation security since 9/11.
2,530 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issue of aviation security following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Two communications in the form of press releases from the US Government Accountability Office (GAO) are examined and analyzed to show that aviation security after September 11, 2001 has significantly improved and changed, following the necessary policies that have been put in place. The paper identifies and outlines the changes that have been put in place and provides an objective analysis of the new policy changes after September 11, 2001, so as to use the content analysis to test the hypothesis surrounding aviation security. The paper includes a table showing examples of direct and indirect economic losses from September 11, and a pie chart using content analysis to identify trends regarding the weaknesses of aviation security.
From the Paper
"Aviation security relies heavily on the skill and expertise of personnel. The FAA and aviation industry have realized that there needs to be a reevaluation of airport personnel with specific focus on improving workers aptitudes, increased training, minimize turnover, and better wages GAO, 2006, 1). Dillingham stated that the FAA was implementing a number of actions and plans that addressed these issues directly; they included the development of an integrated action plan, certification programs which enhance training, and the use of machinery to help increase productivity. Most of these activities have post September 11 implementation dates. TSA training has also increased and changed form after September 11. Major elements of the change include forty (40) hours of classroom instruction and sixty (60) hours of on-the-job training, annual proficiency review of screeners, and establishing a basic screener training program, (Berrick, 2006, p 5). Again, these policy changes support the hypothesis being examined."
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Aviation Business Ethics and September 11 Industry Implications, 2002.
A discussion about the increased pressure on the aviation industry to develop and implement higher ethical standards since the September 11 tragedies.
4,070 words (approx. 16.3 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the subject of business ethics in the field of aviation, as well as emphasizes the effects of September 11 on the aviation industry. Through discussing the responsibilities each part of the aviation industry has toward air travel, this paper provides a clear analysis of why enhanced business ethics concerning safety and security are of utmost importance. The paper compares security features before September 11 with those after the tragedy, in an effort to determine how they have improved and what they are still lacking. In addition, it discusses the rights of aviation employees, shareholders and passengers to determine which security and business procedures are safe and which are invasive.
From the Paper
"Prior to Sept. 11, the Air Transport Association, a representative for major airlines, and the Regional Airline Association, a trade group for smaller carriers, published the main security guide for airlines. This Checkpoint Operations Guide was designed to implement Federal Aviation Administration security regulations.
However, prohibiting box cutters on airplanes was an industry requirement, not a government one. The FAA actually allowed airline passengers to carry blades less than four inches long before Sept. 11.
However, airlines often did not invest the time or money before Sept. 11 to check passengers completely. In addition, according to Rep. John Mica, chairman of the House Transportation subcommittee on aviation, the FAA did have strict guidelines for screening standards in place (Salant). This combination was a recipe for disaster."
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A Century of Aviation, 2002.
A look at the positive and negative effects that aviation has had on the world since its discovery 100 years ago.
1,712 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Little did the Wright brothers know when they successfully tested their flying machine at Kitty Hawk, on December 17, 1903, what an influential industry they were launching. The paper shows that since then aviation has changed enormously, with airports like Chicago O?Hare facilitating some 383,362 landing and take-off cycles each year. It examines how the aerospace industry is becoming America?s leading industrial employer with some 1,484,000 employees and sales of $27 billion. The paper shows however that the evolution and growth of aviation has not been an entirely positive experience. This paper examines the effects ? good and bad ? that aviation has had on the economy, on society, on the environment and on military power.
From the Paper
"Surely the most negative aviation-related event that has happened ? and has had a tremendously harmful and lingering effect on the U.S. economy and on citizen morale ? was the hijacking of jetliners by terrorists on September 11, 2001. On that day, America learned that large airplanes can quite easily be turned into missiles, and those missiles upon impact become potent bombs, to be used by our enemies against this nation. This is an issue that leaders must address, in terms of making airports truly secure and safe. Meanwhile, another kind of airport safety is in the news lately. A recent article in Time Magazine alludes not to hijacking, or of people in planes, but rather to ??the vastly greater numbers on the ground who are brutalized as the planes pass overhead.?
Millions of people who live ??under the proliferating webs of flight path?are paying an unacceptable price in stress, lost sleep, impaired hearing, inability to concentrate, in their children?s ability to learn and in the generally degraded quality of life that results when the mind is tormented by these intrusions,? writes Time journalist Lance Morrow."
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Armed Commercial Airline Pilots, 2002.
An opinion paper arguing for commercial pilots to be armed to assist in preventing terrorist attacks.
1,926 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper argues for the institution of commercial pilots carrying arms. It shows that since the 9/11 attacks, people willing to fly on commercial airlines have drastically decreased. It argues that in order for the airline industry to be able to regain these figures and ensure passengers and crew that the skies are indeed friendly, commercial airline pilots need to be able to carry weapons, or have access to a weapon within the cockpit.
From the Paper
"Airlines have undertaken various methods to ensure the cockpit is safe from any hijacker. These measures have included barring the cockpit and making it impenetrable to a terrorist on-board. While this is a positive first step, it does not relieve travelers of their worries, and in fact, alienates crew and passengers from the pilots. This kind of alienation does not increase the likelihood of someone choosing to fly over taking the train. It only sends out a subliminal message to passengers that flying is still dangerous because of the probability of a terrorist attack on a plane."
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Boeing Corporation?s Commercial Operations, 2002.
A study on the outstanding commercial success of the Boeing Corporation.
630 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how past mistakes actually worked in favor of Boeing and became its strengths. The paper describes the current standing of the company in the airline industry and their prospects for the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
In the Beginning
The First Commercial Planes
Commercial Jetliners
A New Future
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"One of the giants in the commercial airline industry is Boeing Corporation. Since it?s founding it has been an example of what hard work and constant reinventing of a product can do. Boeing Corporation has always kept in mind the needs of the public when designing their aircraft."
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The World of Commercial Art, 2005.
A look at the integral part commercial art plays in the world of commerce and capitalism.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. To do so, a number of topics will be touched upon so that readers can gain a broad understanding of the importance of commercial art in contemporary culture, as well as some of the means by which commercial art is produced.
From the Paper
"The importance of commercial art and the artists who create it cannot be overemphasized. Western, capitalist societies depend upon the skills that commercial artists possess. Quite simply, "commercial artists create a moving record of social moods and public perceptions ... because art, emotion, and business interests converge in advertising" ("Area of Study" par. 2). Put another way, capitalism is built on advertising. Without advertising, producers would not be able to convince consumers that they have an artificial need for a given product. Commercial art is the medium through which advertising operates and the proverbial glue that holds together the economic systems of Western nations. The purpose of this study is to provide a general overview of the discipline of commercial art. "
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