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The Columbian Exchange, 2007.
An analysis of the roots, purpose and significance of the Columbian Exchange.
1,850 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the Columbian Exchange, an accidental byproduct of the Old World coming together with the New World which provided a forum for the exchange of many things including plants, animals and disease. It further discusses how the Columbian Exchange provided a massive transformation of the world's eco-system which had a significant impact on mankind.
Outline:
Introduction
How the Process Began
The Not so Nice Side of the Exchange
Understanding the Environmental Impact
Significance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The beginning of what is now referred to as the Columbian Exchange arrived during the second voyage to North America by Christopher Columbus and the 1,200 men he brought with him. It was at that time that Europeans arrived on North American soil. This event triggered a massive transformation of the global ecosystem because the arrival of the Europeans sparked the beginning of the two areas of the world sharing and trading flora, fauna and disease(Columbia pp). It was a time in which the Old World met with the New World and neither side was prepared ecologically for the onslaught that the introduction of eco-system elements to the environments would bring. "
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Columbian Guerrillas vs. the Columbian Government, 2002.
The conflict between the guerrillas and the government of Columbia.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the modern day world conflict in Columbia between the Columbian guerrillas and the Columbian government.
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Exchange Rate, 2005.
A look at factors affecting the exchange rate of a country adopting a floating exchange rate regime.
1,579 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the primary factor affecting the exchange rate of a country adopting a floating exchange rate regime is the supply and demand of the respective currency on the international market. The paper then goes on to discuss the various factors that make the demand and supply vary, thus affecting the exchange.
From the Paper
"In the respective announcement, the public found out that the US economy had produced only 21,000 new jobs and none in the private sector, from the 150,000 that had been predicted previously. The signal this send the investors was quite clear: the US economy is not performing as well as we may have thought, it is not producing new workplaces (which would be a sign of rising business, as new employees would be needed). The subsequent devaluation of the US dollar was a natural psychological reaction from the investors."
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Exchange Rates and Western Economies in the Post War Era, 2002.
A histiry and analysis of exchange rates in the post war era from the fixed rates established at Bretton Woods to the flexible rates of today.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This essay will argue the reality of exchange rates in the modern world is much more complex than popular wisdom would suggest. Through a discussion of the history of exchange rates in the postwar era - from the fixed rates established at Bretton Woods to the flexible rates of today - it will be seen that exchange rates are one of the most complex features of modern economics. As the Canadian experience demonstrates, control of the exchange rates is beyond the power of governments to significantly influence in the long term. Indeed, given the complexities of the relationship between exchange rates and market forces, exchange rates are a feature of modern economics that defy easy analysis and prediction.
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Lebanon Pound in Foreign Exchange, 2002.
This paper examines foreign exchange rate policy and its application in Lebanon and compares to it to the policies of Egypt and Israel.
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Lebanon was an important international financial center through 1975; but, since 1975 the Lebanese economy has seldom had a chance to function efficiently and monetary stability frequently has proven to be elusive. This paper points out that the current exchange rate policy followed by Lebanon is a managed float targeted to the United States dollar. The author reports that Egypt's current exchange rate policy is the same as Lebanon's managed float; but Israel follows a composite currency peg policy, which assigns proportional weights to a basket of currencies to establish the exchange value for their currency and reflects that country's international trade, capital flows and other relevant economic aggregates. Annotated Bibliography.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Historical Overview
Current Exchange Rate Policy
Comparing Lebanon's Exchange Rate Policy with Those of Egypt and Israel
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since 1992, the government of Lebanon has faced-up to the job of restoring economic stability and confidence in the country. The government and the Central Bank of Lebanon also have broken the hold on the country's the economy of the vicious circle of inflationary financing and instability of the rate of exchange of the Lebanese pound. These actions primarily were manifestations of the dire political status in which Lebanon found itself as both a pawn and a battleground for Israelis, Syrians and Arab militant organizations."
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Canada and a Exchange Rate, 2002.
This six-page paper analyzes whether Canada should have a fixed exchange rate with The U.S.A or not.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
Canada has suffered without a fixed exchange rate with the United States. It has either lacked growth, had increased unemployment or high inflation with its flexible exchange rate regime. During the life of the young Bank of Canada, the country has done its best when it had a fixed exchange rate with the US. Fixed exchange rates provide immunity against crises and failure.
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U.S. Trade Balance and Exchange Rate, 2006.
This paper analyzes the issue of the U.S. trade balance and its significant impact on the exchange rate in America due to the burgeoning trade deficit and declining value of the dollar against other major world currencies.
1,922 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the trade balance and the exchange rate. The writer details the general rule of economics that states a negative trade deficit normally leads to a weaker currency while trade surplus results in enhanced value of currency, although there are exceptions to the rule, which are detailed in this paper. This paper discusses the issue of the U.S. trade balance and its effect on the exchange rate of the country's currency which is currently in the limelight due to the burgeoning U.S. trade deficit and the declining value of the dollar against other major world currencies. The writer of this paper delves into America's economy against that of China's and questions whether the U.S. dollar will retain its status of the reserve currency in the long run. This paper touches on the opinions and views of economists and U.S. treasury officials who contend that the current trade deficit is nothing to be alarmed about as the country's economy and the U.S. dollar survived a similar slide in the late 1980s. This paper also discusses the opinion of the U.S. administration that believes the alleged under-valuation of the Chinese Yen is a prime source for the deficit problems since there is a huge and growing trade imbalance between the U.S. exports and imports to China. The well-researched and well-written paper clearly define the terms: Trade balance, exchange rate and reserve currency.
Table of Contents:
What is Trade Balance?
What is Exchange Rate?
The Extent of Trade Balance Deficit in the U.S.
What is a Reserve Currency?
Can the U.S. Dollar Retain its 'Reserve Currency' Status for Long?
Is the U.S. Trade Deficit Sustainable?
Is China the Source of the Deficit Problem?
Possible Solutions to the Trade Deficit Problem
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The key question is, can the US dollar retain its status of the resrve currency for long? History suggests that it may not. Before the advent of the dollar as the world's reserve currency, the British Pound had enjoyed such a status. Between the two World Wars and the post-World War II period saw the weakeing of the British economy. As a result, the British Pound was devalued by 30% in 1949, effectively ending its run as the world's reserve currency and the start of the dollar's reign. Dollar has been able to retain its status as the reserve currency since it was relatively stable, was backed up by the formidable economy of the US, low interest rates and the absence of an alternative currency."
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Determination of Exchange Rates, 2004.
This paper conducts tests to provide a clearer picture of the accuracy of estimation of exchange rate modifications.
2,615 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 78.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the rational expectation hypothesis relating to the foreign exchange market modifications using various statistical methods and survey data, including three very important exchange rates: German Mark / U.S. Dollar, G.B. Pound / U.S.Dollar, and Japanese Yen / U.S. Dollar. The author points out that overlapping forecasting causes the serial correlation problem, which is corrected by estimating the forecast errors as a moving average process. The paper concludes that the expectations of spot exchange rates at various horizons and the actual rates have unit roots, all exchange rates showed stationary forecast errors for the one-month and three-month ahead estimations and the GB Pound / US Dollar proved stationary for the six-month ahead estimation, which was consistent with the results of the unit root tests.
Table of Contents
Problem Identification
Objectives
Hypothesis
Methodology
Literature Review
Findings and Results
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper
"Testing the rational expectation hypothesis in realtion to the estimation of the Mexican Peso in this time frame is biased beyond doubt. Therefore, applying the standard assumption of normality of the distribution, currently used in statistic tests, will not yeald any valid results. This statistical defect may also be observed in other circumstances, such as the probability (even quite small) of a major modification of the exchange rate in the studied period, a speculative bubble or an important change in fundamentals, especially iF the sample size is not sufficient in order to correct such faults (by applying the central limit theorem)."
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The Role of Exchange Rates, 2002.
An overview of the different types of exchange rate regimes available to a country and their effect on macroeconomic stability, with a focus on Poland and Russia.
4,150 words (approx. 16.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 151.95
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Abstract
This paper will look at the role of exchange rate regimes in creating macroeconomic stability and progress towards the development of the market economy. By comparing and contrasting the exchange rate regimes used in both the most and least successful transition economies, it might be possible to isolate their role and provide hints about the most appropriate system for the economies in question. This paper will begin with a very brief discussion on different types of exchange rate regimes available to a country. This will be followed by an application of this knowledge to the post-communist states. The paper will concentrate mostly on Poland and Russia, two countries that provide a good contrast both in terms of the type of exchange rate stabilization program they have used, and also in the relative successes of their transitions to market.
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The Dollar Exchange Rate, 2006.
An overview of the the evolution of the U.S. dollar exchange rate over a period of two years with three specific countries.
927 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by examining the evolution of the US Dollar/Japanese Yen exchange rate from the 1st of January 2003 to the 1st of January 2005. The paper examines this exchange rate from a bilateral trade and foreign investment perspective and then goes on to take a look at the Indian Rupee-US Dollar exchange rate as well as the Mexican Peso-U.S. Dollar exchange rate from the same perspective.
From the Paper
"If we look closer on the graph, we will see brief periods of appreciation for the US dollar in March and June 2004. These may correspond to the periods when the Federal Reserve decided to raise interest rates in the US in order to fight rising inflation. Indeed, in order to encourage economic growth, the level of interest rates in the US had reached some of the lowest levels in history, 1 %, before gradually rising (they presently stand at 3 %). Each 0.25 % increase in the interest rate boosted confidence in the US dollar."
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Exchange Rate Systems, 2005.
An examination of the pros and cons of the fixed versus floating exchange rate systems, particularly focusing on the situation in China today.
2,188 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the two types of exchange rate systems used in the world today - the fixed rate system and the flexible rate system. It discusses the differences between the two systems and their advantages and disadvantages. The paper then looks at the current problems in China using a fixed (pegged) exchange rate system. The paper ends with the writer's opinion on the subject.
Table of Contents:
Advantages of a Fixed Exchange Rate
Advantage of a Floating Exchange Rate
Current Problem with China
My Opinion
From the Paper
"The foreign exchange market is the largest market in the world, it is the market "in which individuals, firms, and banks buy and sell for any currency" (Salvatore). Since each country has its own currency, an exchange rate system is needed. An exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. The two types of exchange rate systems used in the world are the fixed rate system and the flexible rate system. Both systems have their pros and cons, and both are used in the world today."
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Foreign Exchange, 2005.
A look at the foreign exchange market and some of the problems encountered there.
904 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper is discusses the foreign exchange market, looking at how one enters the foreign exchange market, what kind of exposure encountered there as a business, how it relates to currency trading, and the problems often encountered within the foreign exchange market. The paper also includes a discussion of the pros and cons of foreign exchange.
From the Paper
"According to Warren Reeves in his book, "Accounting", foreign exchange rate can be defined as the price of one currency expressed in terms of another. The foreign exchange market makes it possible for international trade to be accomplished more efficiently than barter. Because each nation uses its own monetary unit people in one country, who want to purchase something in another country must exchange their own currency for the other to accommodate the transaction. The foreign exchange market is where one nation's currency is traded for another..."
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Exchange Rates, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis of the role that foreign currency exchange rates play in affecting business decisions within international corporations.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
In this article, the researcher proposes the use of combined qualitative and quantitative techniques to review how exchange rates affect the level of foreign direct investment and capital flow across borders. The writer notes that more and more business enterprises are realizing that to remain competitive in the global marketplace, they must adapt their processes and policies to reflect the economic environment surrounding them. This study examines this phenomenon in greater detail and provides a theoretical framework for explaining the relation between exchange rates and international business processes. The writer provides a comprehensive review of the literature available on exchange rate volatility, influence and mobility and combines this information with data gathered from primary research.
Outline:
Introduction
Significance of Research
Methods
Theoretical Foundation
Research Design
Implications of Research
Results/Discussion
References:
From the Paper
"Streissler points out that the role of exchange rates in international business relations and operations remains one of the more controversial issues in international research and literature. Because this issue is controversial and as yet unsettled, it is important that more research is conducted to help solidify theoretical propositions describing the influence exchange rates have on decision making in business. This study will help achieve this aim, determining the exact effect exchange rates have on foreign direct investment and capital flow across borders."
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Exchange Rate in Argentina, 2002.
An analysis of the effect of the exchange rate stabilization programs in Argentina.
3,525 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 129.95
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Abstract
This paper will probe at the trials and tribulations of the exchange stabilization program(s) in Argentina over the first half of the 1990s. This type of study could potentially draw on a number of important and directly related factors, and an even more impressive roster of indirect links. In the interests of brevity, only the most relevant factors will be drawn into the discussion. These include the nature of the stabilization programs in Argentina, the debt crisis of 1995, the debate between fixed and flexible exchange rates, the prediction of future exchange rates using spot values, and a brief mention on the other forces that are at work to undermine efforts to sustain economic stabilization in the developing economies. One of the important ones to mention is globalization, which is linked directly to factor allocation, linked interest rates, highly mobile capital, and the like.
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Aristotle on Economic Exchange and Slavery, 2001.
An analysis of the works of the philosopher Aristotle and the economist Karl Polanyi, evaluating Aristotle's arguments on slavery and economic exchange.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Aristotle's arguments on slavery and economic exchange. The paper outlines how Aristotle validates the concept of slavery under one principle of economic exchange. The paper also provides that when measured against economist Karl Polanyi's definitions of the market principle, Aristotle's views on slavery fall into his own definition of the "unnatural" category of economic exchange.
From the Paper
"Economist Karl Polanyi and the philosopher Aristotle have differing views on economic exchange. According to Polanyi, the three principles of exchange are market principle, redistribution, and reciprocity. The market principle describes the buying and selling of goods and services based on the laws of supply and demand, and often involves bargaining. Redistribution is the moving of products from the local level to a hierarchical center, reorganization of those products, and sending them back down to the local level. Redistribution is a form of exchange that works with the market system."
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