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Colonial America, 2004.
An analysis of colonial America.
1,145 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the events that took place in colonial America in the late 18th century. The paper claims that a closer analysis of Georgia's history reveals that the events of 1793-94 were motivated more by a need to secure local interests than by any desire to subvert the federal government.
From the Paper
"Local interests often conflict with national interests in the affairs of men and government. However, whenever such conflicts take place, patriotism and civic duty are expected to lead to national interests superceding local ones. Viewed from such a perspective, it would indeed be possible to call into question Georgia's patriotism and loyalty to the newly formed United States of America. However, as Bertram Wyatt-Brown points out in his 1986 work, Honor and Violence in the Old South, the southern idea of patriotism was vested more in a place, a people, and a past, rather than upon abstract concepts of democracy and freedom (Morris, 2003). Thus, perhaps the events of 1793-94 are best analyzed by first examining the implications, if any, of Wyatt-Brown's observation."
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Colonial America, 2004.
This paper discusses key issues of the economy of colonial America.
4,275 words (approx. 17.1 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 113.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, prior to 1750, capitalistic practices and values were not central to the lives of North American colonists, who primarily were farmers. Most of the output from farmers was not for sale in the market, but, rather, was for family or local consumption. The author points out that there were two distinct growth spurts during the colonial period. The first and more rapid economic spurt occurred in each colonial region during the time of settlement, and the second spurt was during the 1740s and lasted to the Revolution. The paper relates that the American colonists issued the first paper money of any government in the Western world; the Massachusetts Bay Colony issued paper money in 1690, which were called ?bills of public credit? and ?bills of credit? and, by 1712, seven more colonies followed suit.
Table of Contents
Introduction
A Short Chronology of Early / Initial Colonial Economic Development
The Literature on America?s Colonial Economy
What was the Rate of Economic Growth in the Colonies?
Legislation Promoting Manufacturing; Natural Resources Available to Colonies
Indentured Servitude as Part of the Colonial Economy
Slavery in the Colonial Period
Taxation in the Colonies
Taxation of Maritime Business
The Sugar Act ? a New Kind of ?Tax? ? and its Ramifications
How Businessman Thomas Hancock Coped with Chaos in Colonial Currencies
From the Paper
"In May, 1607, colonists land at Jamestown, Virginia, but starvation and disease reduce the original 105 settlers to only 32, according to "The Almanac of American History". However, in 1608, new provisions arrive and a self-supporting project of raising corn is instituted ? likely the first economic development in the colonies. Those same early Jamestown settlers brought skills at glassmaking with them and produce crafts, including beads, which are used in trade with Native Americans. Also in 1608, the London Company sends glass experts to Jamestown to build glass furnaces for future production (32). Jamestown?s Captain John Smith learns how to cultivate corn from the Indians; he plants 40 acres of corn, which helps avoid continuing starvation problems, and leads to an industry of agriculture."
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Imports and Pre-Colonial America, 2004.
A look at the impact of imported/exported animals, plants, and diseases on Pre-Colonial America and the Old World.
774 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, until Christopher Columbus found his way across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, the various biological systems in the Old World and the New World were very different and how, since that time, the mix of European and American plants, animals, and diseases has brought about the explosive propagation of species from other lands. It debates whether such mixing and jumbling made it possible for the Americas to be colonized in the years following Columbus.
From the Paper
"These ?invaders,? first from Spain and then from other European countries, quickly learned that European crops did not thrive in the Americas, especially in the Caribbean Basin. But their livestock did extremely well, due in part to the lack of large carnivores and the vast quantity of fodder in the fields and meadows. Most of the imported animals prospered, especially the horses, cattle and pigs. In fact, these animals increased at such a rapid rate that many areas of the backcountry swarmed with feral livestock, meaning horses, cattle and pigs that lived as totally undomesticated in the wild."
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Crime and Punishment in Colonial America, 2006.
A research paper on crime and punishment in America between the late Colonial period through the Revolutionary period.
6,792 words (approx. 27.2 pages), 55 sources, MLA, $ 154.95
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Abstract
In order to provide a better understanding of what were considered crimes in colonial America as well as what punishments were assigned to those crimes, this paper begins by examining what most colonies based their laws on, English Common Law. The paper then looks at how English Common Law influenced early American law on crime and punishment and compares the early American state laws to English Common Law, noting that the colonists intended to establish a system of criminal justice that was free of the harsh capital and forfeiture penalties that had been experienced in England. The paper also cites examples from history that illustrate these differences.
From the Paper
"Whereas Douglas Hay stated, "the church courts still played a role in "wills and marriages and occasional cases of slander." The result in many cases was that a defendant convicted of a capital felony could plead his clergy, be branded on the thumb, and be sent home. Friedman tells us that clergyable offenses were offenses for which, absent privilege of clergy, the punishment was death. They were therefore generally serious offenses. Manslaughter, for example, was a clergyable felony. And the definition of manslaughter included many offenses that we would define as murder. A killing in a tavern brawl, even one done with a deadly weapon, was manslaughter as long as there was no evidence of premeditation or previous enmity. The killer was allowed to plead his clergy, branded on the thumb, and released."
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Treatment of African Americans and Native Americans in Colonial America, 2002.
This paper discusses the treatment of African Americans and Native Americans during Colonial times.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This is a paper about the different treatments toward blacks and Native Americans in colonial America by whites. The author looks at the differences and the similarities in the way these two populations were treated.
From the Paper
"In dealing with "outsiders", White Europeans who controlled the continent held many similar views. These outsiders included the Native Americans and the African Americans. Both peoples were treated in parallel and in opposing ways by the whites in power. The most obvious way that the two groups were treated the same is that they were dealt with in a very ethnocentric way; whites assumed that they were superior to both groups. Both groups were not dealt with in the same way from the onset. Native Americans, who were living in the country long before the whites, were killed, stripped of their land, and mislead as to their future in the new white world. Africans were brought into the country, a large distinction, because whites needed them here. They were at first used as indentured servants, and it was a gradual change that shifted over to slavery. From there on came restrictive legislature, and a view of them as savages. The two groups were both treated differently by whites in terms of how they were oppressed, but the overriding theme in both cases is that the white Europeans saw both as inferior races."
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Women In Colonial America, 1999.
Examines their roles in the 17th Century, comparing their status in the middle/southern and New England colonies. Discusses Puritanism, family and gender relations, economic and legal issues.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper is an examination of the roles of women in Colonial America during the 17th century, comparing the social position of women in the middle and southern colonies with that of the women of the New England colonies. Women outside of New England during this period were a much more diverse group, and their experiences were influenced by the religious and cultural forces that brought them to the New World, by the local economy and social structures that were being created in their new environment, and by their ability to influence their new surroundings and establish new patterns within them.
From the Paper
"This paper is an examination of the roles of women in Colonial America during the 17th century, comparing the social position of women in the middle and southern colonies with that of the women of the New England colonies. Women outside of New England during this period were a much more diverse group, and their experiences were influenced by the religious and cultural forces that brought them to the New World, by the local economy and social structures that were being created in their new environment, and by their ability to influence their new surroundings and establish new patterns within them. Most of the social gains that women in these circumstances were able to achieve were driven by economic forces, and many of the obstacles they faced were, ultimately, also rooted in the control of money and property."
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The Lasting Influences of Colonial America, 2004.
An analysis of how the colonialists's desire for a better life made the American Dream possible.
1,322 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the desire for change was the primary cause for migration to the New World and how Colonial America was shaped by the need for independence as well as religious and political freedom. It looks at how diverse cultures, coupled with the need to survive, created the American spirit we have today: one of determination based on self-reliance and the strength to change. It examines how the need for independence fostered our current election process and how the desire for freedom created a country tolerant of individual freedoms.
From the Paper
"Problems always present challenges and pave the way for new ideas. New ideas are what the colonists had in mind when they set sail toward America. Taxation problems served as a motivating factor for leaving England. Because England didn?t have the money to help the colonies, many of the colonies created their own system of rule. As they grew and adjusted to their own needs, they felt more and more independent from Britain. In fact, they governed themselves for more than one hundred years with very little resistance from the British. However, they were left out of any discussions or decisions made by Parliament, and any laws made concerning the colonists took weeks to reach the colonists. When Parliament imposed unreasonable taxes, voices of dissent demanded to be heard."
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The Economic Role of the Convent in Colonial Latin America, 2000.
6,932 words (approx. 27.7 pages), 23 sources, $ 156.95
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Abstract
This is a detailed and extensive paper outlining the importance of convents in the economy of colonial Latin America.
From the Paper
"The convent of La Concepci?n, the first in Mexico City, was established in 1540, less than twenty years after Cort?s? conquest of the Aztecs. In fact, ten nunneries were established in New Spain during the sixteenth century. This is a surprising statistic to many present-day Americans, considering both the marginalized role of nuns in the United States today, and the slow progress of North American colonialism. However, convents in Latin America during the colonial period served many roles other than simply that of a home for religious women which made their presence in the colonies desirable even despite initial shortages of Spanish women. Nunneries acted as orphanages, women?s shelters, banks, landlords, and employers as well as fulfilling traditional religious roles. Although it is quite foreign to a modern conception of the convent, in Latin America nunneries reflected, supported, and to some extent made possible the greater society around them."
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Early Colonies of the Americas, 2006.
This paper examines the early establishment of the Spanish and English colonies in the Americas as quests for gold, God and glory.
2,435 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, soon after word of the great wealth and abundance of potential converts, discovered by Christopher Columbus, spread across Europe, other nations expeditiously sent their own ships to the new world to establish settlements, extract the land's wealth and convert the natives. The author points out that, while the Spanish immediately laid claim to Central and South America and later ventured north into New Mexico, the English followed over a century later by establishing their first permanent settlement in Virginia. The paper stresses that each group of settlers had different reasons for choosing to colonize the Americas. The author concludes that these groups' expectations for their colonies, their relations and early encounters with the natives and their fundamental long-term goals catalyzed the experiences of the early colonists and ultimately shaped the structure of these early American settlements.
From the Paper
"By 1622, the settlers of the Chesapeake had established what they considered to be a peaceful and friendly dynamic with the Indians, living in a hierarchical, dominating peace with the natives. In the massacre of 1622, the Indians cunningly preyed upon the English settlers' sense of safety and their naivety to the Indians' true feelings regarding their relationship. Although the efforts of the Indians were largely successful, it was also the catalyst for their demise, as it brought about a valid excuse for the English to assault the natives and steal their lands which, it can be argued, had been their intention from the start."
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The Sugar Colonies in Latin America, 2002.
Examines the impact that the sugar colonies had on the development of modern Latin America.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper shall demonstrate how the African nationals affected the colonization of Latin America. This shall be achieved through addressing the structure of the sugar colonies and the transition that African nationals were able to make from slavery to become an involved part of Latin America.
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Latin America's Colonial Past, 2004.
This paper reviews "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America" by Stanley and Barbara Stein.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper analyzes "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," by Stanley and Barbara Stein who argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world. The paper discusses the suggestion that Latin America is a continent that has only been able to inadequately fulfill its development potential, based on the limitations of the persistent characteristics of its colonial past.
From the Paper
"In "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," Stanley and Barbara Stein argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world."
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Spanish Colonial Economy in Latin America, 1998.
This essay addresses the methods used to control the natives and production in Latin America under Spanish rule.
1,827 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This essay looks at purpose of the pre-colonial economy in Latin America and the methods employed by the Spaniards to control the natives and production under colonization. It examines the diverse population the Spaniards found upon arrival, and how the Spaniards simply superimposed themselves upon existing structures. The four main labour systems used by the Spanish are outlined. The exploitation based on the economic systems implementated by the Spaniards is explored.
From the Paper
"The process of colonization within any one country or group of countries was conditioned by the pre-existing historical circumstances and the attractiveness of its resources to the colonisers. In turn, these affected the degree of exploitation and the nature of the developments that took place and consequently the level of marginalisation that occurred within the economy and society. The conquest of Latin America was carried out by the Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch and British. But it was Spain who secured the largest, richest and most diverse territory, and did so with great rapidity. Within 70 years of Columbus's arrival in the Caribbean, Spain had overthrown the Aztec and Inca empires and occupied most of middle and western South America."
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Colonial Activists and Modern Radicals, 2006.
A paper comparing the differences between activism in Colonial America and modern America.
1,659 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the many differences between activism in early and present-day America. The paper explains that, not only are goals and issues different, but the methods of calling attention to those goals and achieving them are different as well. In particular, the paper suggests that today's activist are more concerned with the common good than were the activists of the past who were more concerned with acquiring and protecting their wealth.
From the Paper
"The Colonial Radicals were constructed largely of men, and those men of some substance, whether intellectually, influentially or financially, as
far as the leading forces were concerned. Modern Activists are made up of just about anyone who has a passion for some injustice or something they want to change. Communications is the main influence for the vastly different population of the Modern Activist, and to augment this is the internet, which can span countries together with the same causes. Of course, a people more united makes a more formiddable force, and, in the near future, world leader's will be forced to bend to these people, who are now uniting with similar causes."
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Seventeenth Century Education in America, 2002.
Compares and contrasts education in the Northern and Southern colonies of America during the seventeenth century. Also includes a review of the effects religion has had on the American educational system.
3,193 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
After providing a brief introduction on the educational scenario in America during the seventeenth century, the paper provides an overview of the two main schools of thought that were responsible for spreading education in the Northern and Southern colonies of America. Following the overview, educational developments in the Northern colonies are compared with those of the Southern colonies, the events detailed in order of their historical occasion. A analysis of traditional and modern education in context of religion and the American society follows, contrasting educational achievements and shortcomings of the Northern and Southern colonies of America during the seventeenth century.
Education in Northern Colonies
Education in Southern Colonies
Seventeenth Century Education in relation to Religion (North & South
Colonies)
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The seventeenth century has been known as an age of faith that brought literacy and reason to the New World. For the colonists who came to settle their families, it was a new era of education for the grooming of their generations. The educational revolution, coupled with religious rebel of the sixteenth century was severe and shaking as its impact was felt both on the continent as well as in America. It were the educated Americans of the seventeenth century that thought and realized to use education and religion in coordination for widespread awareness among the people and quick acceptance of the reformation. Though most Americans substituted religion with humanitarianism, education was acknowledged unanimously for being indispensable to the newly emerging dominion (1)."
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European Colonialism, 2005.
This paper discusses European colonialism in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, from the 15th century onward, European colonization of Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa was motivated by economic greed and by religious zeal on the part of European nations, especially Spain, to spread Christianity to the "uncivilized" indigenous peoples. The author points out that, as a result of New World colonialism, Spanish influence is still strongly felt throughout the Americas today and British, Dutch, French and Portuguese influence is still strongly evident in many parts of Africa. The paper stresses that this European colonization created massive changes, most of which were for the worse, in the physical landscape and in the economic distribution of wealth and resources on both continents, which today continue to strongly affect the people, their lack of resources and the overall conditions of those areas.
From the Paper
"Latin America today suffers similarly in many ways, also an unfortunate legacy of past European invasion. Perhaps most interestingly, Brazil, the Latin American nation most ravaged by the Portuguese, suffers from an AIDS epidemic equal to those of parts of Africa. Indigenous peoples of Brazil, their numbers severely decreased by a smallpox epidemic brought by European settlers, live today in isolated pockets of Andean poverty. Some of Brazil's indigenous tribes are so small today that they risk dying out within the next generation. Meanwhile, Brazil's tropical rain forests continue today to be destroyed in the name of "progress", wreaking havoc with our worldwide ecosystem."
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