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Collective Bargaining and Baseball, 2004.
This paper examines the role labor unions and collective bargaining agreements have played in major league baseball.
2,075 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history of labor relations in the field of baseball from John Montgomery Ward?s first attempt to form a players' union in 1885 to the 32-day lockout during spring training in 1990. The author points out that the 2002 collective bargaining agreement was successfully negotiated with significant compromises on both sides and without a work stoppage. The paper concludes that this agreement ensures the continued fiscal health of America?s favorite pastime.
Table of Contents
Labor History
1994-1995
2002 Collective Bargaining Agreement
From the Paper
"In addition to higher ticket sales, an estimated 40 percent of this revenue came from the sale of broadcasting rights. Each team received around $18.6 million from national broadcasting revenue. Local broadcasting rights generated additional earnings, although this figure differed widely between cities. The New York Yankees, for instance, received $52 million in local broadcasting revenue while other franchises got less than one-tenth of that figure (Verducci 2002). In any case, a strike and the subsequent loss of broadcasting revenue would represent a significant income loss for both the owners."
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Baseball and War, 2002.
Examines how war affected baseball and baseball affected the war during World War I and II.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is on the topic of baseball and war. World War I and II affected baseball, but baseball played an important role in the lives of Americans during the war.
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Plea Bargaining, 2003.
A discussion of the costs and benefits of plea bargaining and whether plea bargaining can be reformed.
1,168 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the concept of plea bargaining which involves a criminal case in which the defense and prosecution negotiate and compromise a type of arrangement in relation to a defendant?s guilt and sentencing. In exchange for a guilty or no contest plea, the prosecution will request a reduction in the charges or sentence that a criminal would otherwise receive. It addresses the costs and benefits of plea bargaining, such as the advantages to the court system, judges and especially defendants. Furthermore, it discusses the pros and cons to all parties involved, including the victims. Lastly, the paper analyzes how plea bargaining could possibly be reformed and the necessity of making it more visible and understandable to society.
From the Paper
"Another benefit to some defendants in regard to plea bargaining is the opportunity to be released from jail. Some criminals that would not be released otherwise are released instantly following the negotiation and approval of a plea bargain. It also gives the defendant the advantage of having the matter resolved quickly and having a less severe offense placed on their record. Offenses on one?s record can weigh greatly on an individual. Felonies can be very harmful when applying for a job or avoiding some states? ?three strikes? rule. Some states even require that professional licenses be revoked upon a felony conviction. Also, a felony conviction can result in the loss of the right to vote and possess firearms."
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"The Iowa Baseball Confederacy", 2008.
A review of superstitions relating to baseball with particular reference to W.P. Kinsella's novel, "The Iowa Baseball Confederacy".
1,326 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper describes various superstitions associated with baseball via a discussion of W.P. Kinsella's book, "The Iowa Baseball Confederacy". The paper first summarizes Kinsella's book and then goes on to discuss the many superstitions that abound in the game of baseball and explains how the main theme of the "The Iowa Baseball Confederacy" is about these superstitions.
Outline:
Introduction
Baseball and Superstition
From the Paper
"The book The Iowa Baseball Confederacy continues the time honored tradition of superstition and myth by telling a fantastical tale of an Iowa exhibition baseball game played from July 4 to August 12, 1908 between the team called the Iowa Baseball Confederacy and the Chicago Cubs----a game that lasts for an incredible 2,614 innings. The author, W.P. Kinsella, tells the tale through Gideon Clarke, the protagonist who learns about the legendary game from his unusual father, Matthew. Matthew explains to Gideon that no record of the marathon-like game exists because of a great flood of biblical proportions that wiped out all evidence of the game. The flood took with it the Iowa Baseball Confederacy, all of which were lost in a crack in time. All knowledge of the game becomes actualized in Gideon's brain after his father commits suicide at County Stadium in Milwaukee by purposely putting his head in the path of a mean foul line drive. This leads Gideon to discover the crack in time, sending him back to July 4, 1908, where each team is preparing to play the big inning. The Chicago Cub players in the book use retired numbers from actual team members, and President Theodore Roosevelt appears as one of the cameo players, as he strikes out waving a big stick. Another well-known player, Leonardo da Vinci, also appears in the game proclaiming that he, not Abner Doubleday, invented the game of baseball. He states, "Unfortunately....I lived in a nation of bocce players. It took 300 years for baseball to become popular. By that time, my name was no longer associated with it" . Another player, Black Angel of Death, a cemetery statue, plays right field and is able to catch fly balls with her sculpted wings and no glove. Some of the stars on the Iowa Confederacy team include, Shoo Fly, Husk, Frank Pierce, Henry Pulvermacher, and Arsenic O'Reilly, while on the Cubs team players include Chance, Joe Tinker, Johnny Evers, and the pitcher Mordecai "Three Finger" Brown Other key characters include an ancient Indian warrior named Drifting Away, whose wife was murdered by White men."
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Baseball in the United States, 2005.
An analysis of baseball in the United States as a social institution.
5,059 words (approx. 20.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes baseball in the United States. The paper reviews Warren Goldstein's "Playing for Keeps: A History of Early Baseball," David Voigt's "America Through Baseball," and John Helyar's "Lords of the Realm". The paper provides an overview of these books about baseball to assess the effectiveness of the authors in their presentations. This is followed by an analysis of Ken Burn's 1994 documentary, "Ken Burns' Baseball," to determine baseball's implications as a product of the broader U.S. society and culture in which it developed, an analysis of the changing social reality of both baseball players and their fans, and an examination of baseball as a social, aesthetic, and religious metaphor.
From the Paper
"On the one hand, the sport of baseball is a fairly simple bat-and-ball game, with just a few primary rules to help run the game. Baseball is played between two teams comprised of nine players each on a field that is marked out in the form of a diamond, with a base at each corner. Players try to hit the thrown baseball with a bat, and the players try to score by completing a circuit of bases. A "home run" is simply a complete circuit of the bases on just one hit. On the other hand, baseball has evolved into something that is much more than just a sport, having assumed the preeminent status of "America's sport," the "president's sport," and "America's favorite pastime." Indeed, many baseball fans have elevated the major stars of the sport to near-godlike status, and despite some rocky times during the last part of the 20th century, the sport appears to be gaining in popularity today."
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Collective Bargaining, 2005.
An overview of the practice of collective bargaining in organizations.
5,897 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how collective bargaining is the process by which a group of people gets together and bargains together for a common goal that concerns all the people involved. In particular, it looks at how the concept has been gaining in popularity over recent years and how professionals are beginning to truly understand the role of unions and the role they play in the making of decisions in a company.
Outline
The Process of Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining in the Private Sector
Collective Bargaining in the Public Sector
Why is Collective Bargaining Limited?
History of the Collective Bargaining Process
Norris Laguardia Act
NLR Act
Fair Labor Standards Act
Taft-Hartley
Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
Certification and De-Certification
How Does a Labor Management Contract Affect the Budget of an Organization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Collective bargaining in Germany takes place at the regional level, but can also in some cases take place at the company or even at the national levels. The trade unions may sign up 'collective contracts' either with employer's associations or with individual employers, and these contracts are legally binding for everyone who has been involved in the negotiations -in part due to the principle of 'equal treatment' wherein all workers of the company are bound under any contract signed by the company after negotiations with employees and unions. The industry level collective bargaining efforts in Germany covered the construction business and the consumer non-durable business, and also the transport and communication industries, to quote a few. "
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Plea Bargaining, 2006.
This paper evaluates plea bargaining, which has become pervasive in the U.S. legal system.
3,240 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that plea bargain is primarily a negotiation between the defendant and his or her attorney on one side and the prosecutor on the other, in which the defendant agrees to plead "guilty" or "no contest" to a crime in return for benefits such as the reduction of the severity or dismissal of the charges. The author points out that plea bargaining has become so pervasive because it is an out of court settlement, which helps reduce the high volume of cases facing the judicial system, provides a win-win scenario for both the prosecutor and the defendant's attorney and obtains the defendant's willingness to testify for the prosecution in other associated cases. The paper relates that the negative side to plea-bargaining includes (1) overcharging the defendant, (2) forcing an innocent person to confess to a crime that he or she has never committed, (3) allowing confirmed convicts to get their punishment reduced or even get out of jail and (4) forfeiting an individual's Constitutional rights, which is a danger to the society as a whole.
Table of Contents
What is Plea Bargaining?
Authorization and Procedure of Plea Bargaining
Rules Regarding the Breach of Plea Agreement
Why is Plea Bargaining so Pervasive in our Society?
Benefits of Plea Bargaining
Disadvantages of Plea Bargaining
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In most cases, judges do authorize a plea bargain if the defendant makes a knowing and voluntary waiver of his or her right to a trial, the defendant understands the charges, the defendant understands the maximum sentence he or she could receive after pleading guilty, and the defendant makes a voluntary confession, in court, to the alleged crime. Even if a defendant agrees to plead guilty, a judge may decline to accept the guilty plea and plea agreement if the charge or charges have no factual basis. It is also highlighted here that the judge does not play any part in the plea bargain discussions between the defendant's attorney and the prosecutor. Moreover, the prosecutors have discretion whether to offer a plea bargain or not. However, a prosecutor should not discriminate in making or accepting an offer of plea bargain based on an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or some other arbitrary classification."
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Monopsony in the Baseball Labor Market, 2001.
An analysis of the baseball labor market, including the question of whether baseball athlete's salaries are too high, in respect to revenues earned by team owners.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper analyses baseball's labor market with reference to the economic phenomenon of a monopsony. The question of whether baseball athletes salaries are too high is raised, in respect to revenues earned by team owners. Several economic issues are brought up, including: competitive markets, monopolies, supply and demand, etc.
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Collective Bargaining, 2002.
Examination of the collective bargaining process in state and local government according to John Piskulich in his book "Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments".
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of John Piskulich's book "Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments". The paper covers Piskulich's discussion of policymakers, the role of unions, the various dimensions of the bargaining process, the history of the policy making process and the obstacles policy makers face.
From the Paper
"In his book John Piskulich attempts to uncover why and how to manage collective bargaining. ?Collective Bargaining in State and Local Governments? discusses how the collective bargaining process in the public sector has grown from a state of infancy to maturity. He makes note that policymakers are currently in a state of flux, constantly changing and modifying current regulations to keep up with the dynamic environments in which they work. John Piskulich emphasizes in his work that public-sector unions act as a significant force in operating government agencies."
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Steroids in Baseball, 2005.
Examines the illegal use of steroids in the U.S. sport of baseball.
950 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
Baseball is America's official past-time, and as such it is far more than a sport. It is an integral part of they country's culture, and in many ways represents the heart and soul of America itself. Baseball is about healthy competition, sportsmanship, teamwork and family entertainment. The paper shows that unfortunately, in recent years, the heroic legacy of Major League Baseball (MLB), and the sacred idol-status of MLB players has been compromised. Unlike the great eras of baseball history, the recent era is not named after joyous baseball events, but rather after an illegal drug. The 'Roid Era, named after steroid drug use, saw its height between 1998-2003 when home run numbers skyrocketed. The paper argues that steroid use in Major League Baseball is unacceptable, and all records which have been set by players using steroids should be stricken from the record books.
From the Paper
"There remains a minority of Americans that believe records of the 'Roid Era should remain intact in baseball history. One defense made in favor of allowing these records to remain is that there have always been "flaws" in baseball, and throughout history the public has turned a blind eye. An example of this includes that Ty Cobb (a legendary baseball player who is in the Hall of Fame) was a racist and murderer; if a murderer can remain in the Hall of Fame, why not steroid users? However, this is a ridiculous defense, because murdering a Black man did not give Cobb an unfair advantage in the game, nor was his racism the reason that he was able to achieve such incredible physical feats."
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Plea Bargaining, 2002.
An overview of the pros and cons inherent in the concept of plea bargaining, which has been used for the disposal of legal cases.
1,550 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the concept of the plea bargain, a method of agreement made between the prosecutor and the defense by way of which a defendant would be in a position to plead guilty to charges of criminality. It discusses how there are two methods of plea bargaining, namely, charge bargain and sentence bargain. It debates its pros and cons and looks at how opponents of plea bargaining argue, on moral terms, that a trial would prevent the inherent dangers being faced by a defendant. It also show how supporters of plea bargaining want the speedy disposal of cases for the economic benefits of preventing costs.
From the Paper
"The most common advantage of entering into an agreement of plea-bargaining is that it enables the defendant to be in a position to receive a reduced judgment for a case, which is less severe. It also has the advantage of preventing the case to go through a long procedure of trials and after such a long procedure if the result is a loss, this can be prevented in the event of plea-bargaining. At the same time, huge expenses on attorney fees can be reduced as a result of this. Going through the long procedures of trial would invoke stress for the defendants, and in the case of plea-bargaining, this can be prevented. A defendant?s record would be found much better when the charges are reduced or when the number of charges are either dropped, than the results, which might follow after going through the trial."
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Plea Bargaining, 2005.
This paper looks at plea bargaining and why many are against it.
1,571 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The paper relates that plea bargaining is most often the focal point of general public dissatisfaction with the criminal justice system. The paper explains why plea-bargaining has been criticized by those who believe in fairness and justice in our court system. The paper also describes the plea bargaining process and looks at the difficulty of abolishing plea bargaining.
Outline:
Plea Bargaining Process
Repeal Plea Bargaining
From the Paper
"The issues of plea-bargaining have been criticized by those who believe in fairness and justice in our court system. Plea-bargaining over the years has stressed many important questions, none more important than "Do plea bargains prove to be an injustice to all?" From the innocent defendant who may be victimized because of scare tactics or to the guilty defendant who does not benefit from a just and rehabilitative sentence, to the victim who sees himself or herself treated as a party that is secondary and not central to the legal cause. Finally, there is society at large, which is exposed to the frequent recidivism of defendants who sense that justice is a machine that may be broken. (Law Reform Commission of Canada)"
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Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations, 2007.
This paper explores labor relations and collective bargaining agreements in major league sports.
3,568 words (approx. 14.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses labor relations and the relative merits or weaknesses of certain collective bargaining agreements. The paper explains that when an employer and a union representative engage in a bilateral decision making process, it is termed labor contract negotiations, or more recently a collective bargaining situation. The paper relates that the effect of the collective bargaining agreements on major league sports in the United States has been very significant to all labor relations. The paper offers a recent example of the uses of collective bargaining as was seen in the application of a contract for the players of the National Football League. The paper concludes that ultimately, the advent of the collective bargaining agreement within sports has been beneficial since it decreases the number of strikes and lockouts and keeps the players, owners and fans happy.
From the Paper
"For many years, players of team sports were not considered to be workers who labored in a way that would be covered by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). In fact, in 1922, the Supreme Court stated that baseball clubs were accepted from anti-trust regulations and this effectively thwarted any attempts by baseball players to unionize for even the most basic protections. What one must remember is that these sports teams, while generally only focusing on the players, have other employees and so sport protection came with the allowance of the baseball players to engage in collective bargaining in 1969."
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Baseball Player Salaries, 2007.
This paper discusses whether professional baseball players should receive pay based on their game performance.
3,105 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
The paper addresses the issues of collective bargaining, free-agency, arbitration, owner/player relations and salary structure all from the perspective of human resources. The paper reviews relevant literature and explains that the methods being utilized in major league baseball for basing players' pay provides the players with motivation to increase their marginal revenue product (MRP) so that the owners will have a basis for increasing their salaries in future negotiations. This study concludes that the performance of a player in major league baseball is a fair and equitable method to use for the basis of a player's salary.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Review Of The Literature
Summary And Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Fields (2001) many and often are the debates surrounding the issue of whether professional baseball players are actually worth the exorbitant salaries they are paid. Stated is: "A recent report from the Independent Members of the Commissioner's Blue Ribbon Panel on Baseball Economics concluded that from 1995-99 only three teams (Cleveland, Colorado, and New York Yankees) achieved profitability (Levin et al. 2000). These factors have resulted in arguments for revenue sharing, a tax on clubs with payrolls over a fixed threshold, and other measures to attempt to lower players' salaries.""
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Latino Baseball Players, 2002.
This paper is a discussion of Latino players in major league baseball.
785 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the struggles that Latino players in major league baseball have faced over the years. The writer discusses the beginnings of Latino players in professional baseball, beginning in 1954 and continuing through the surge that began in the 1980s. The paper also discusses how the influx of Latino players has increased baseball's popularity in Spanish-speaking countries worldwide which in turn has impacted upon the numbers of Latino youth seeking to play professional baseball in the United States. Another area that the paper touches upon is how the increasing numbers of Latino players has opened up the doors to a small, but growing number of Latino managers in the major leagues. The writer also examines the struggles that these players faced in the early days, when Latino players were fewer in number.
From the Paper
"As more Latino players move into the majors, Latino managers are making their mark, too. Felipe Alou was recently hired by the San Francisco Giants to take over the manager job vacated by Dusty Baker after the World Series. "Alou was also the fourth Latin American manager born in the Caribbean Islands, the other are Mike Gonz?lez, Preston G?mez and Cookie Rojas all from Cuba. Later Tany P?rez (Cuba)and Tony Pe?a (Dominican Republic) became the fifth and sixth respectively" (Pi-Gonz?lez). Alou was also the first Latino to manage an All-Star game in 1995."
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