| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "COGNITIVE DIFFERENCES MATHEMATICAL VERBAL ABILITY": |
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Cognitive Differences In Mathematical & Verbal Ability, 1996.
Examines the achievement scores of a sample of college freshmen & discovers clear evidence of a cognitive division between verbal & mathematical cognitive functions.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"Individual differences in learning and memory abilities have long been a topic for social science research. However, little basic research has been done concerning the possibility of a dichotomous split between verbal and mathematical cognitive functions. This study examines the achievement scores of a sample of college freshmen and discovers clear evidence of such a cognitive division. Limitations of the study are noted, and possibilities for future research are proposed.
Introduction
Individual differences in learning and memory abilities have long been a controversial topic among researchers. Psychologists, sociologists, educators, and even politicians have struggled to either make sense of or denounce such differences. While most such..."
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Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication, 2001.
An examination of the relationship between two forms of communication - verbal and non-verbal.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that when we think about communication, we think about the spoken word and that our thoughts are always about the words people use and their fluency of speech. Yet, at the same time, we are also taking in information from nonlinguistic sources. The author notes that people's mannerisms, clothing, and appearance are also important, as well as their tone of voice. Researches have estimated that, in face-to-face communication, as much as 90 percent of the social meaning may be carried in the nonverbal message and that facial appearance and response may contribute more to our meaning of their message than all their words. The paper explores the importance of both types of communication and how they are put across.
From the Paper
"As popularly used, language refers to a system of words. This development is not surprising, since words distinguish human communication from that of lower animals. Words, as symbols, usually convey information in a quite deliberate, no instinctive way. For this reason, language is sometimes treated as a set of verbal symbols."
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Communication Differences Between Genders, 2002.
Looks at gender differences in non-verbal communication and suggests that women possess greater non-verbal communication skills.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses how genders express themselves differently in the form of non-verbal communications. Women usually display greater skill at sending and receiving nonverbal messages.
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Traumatic Brain Injury and Cognitive Rehabilitation, 2002.
Research to determine how effective cognitive rehabilitation is as therapy for TBI (traumatic brain injury).
10,988 words (approx. 44.0 pages), 57 sources, APA, $ 217.95
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a principal cause of death and disability in young adults with consequences ranging from physical disabilities to long-term cognitive, behavioral and social disorders. Cognitive rehabilitation is a term used to refer to that branch of rehabilitation aimed at patients who are disabled primarily as a result of impairments in memory, judgment and other cognitive functions. This paper critically explores existing literature regarding cognitive rehabilitation for treatment of TBI patients to determine what types of cognitive rehabilitation are used, what the strengths and weaknesses of these types are and whether or not there are specific cognitive impairments that are more amenable to cognitive rehabilitation.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Background of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Research Questions
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Review of Literature
Overview of TBI
Cognitive Impairments: Conditions Linked to TBI
Costs of Cognitive Rehabilitation for TBI
Cognitive Rehabilitation: Strategies and Practices
Variables Influencing Cognitive Rehabilitation Outcomes
Conclusions to the Chapter
Research Design
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Inclusion Criteria
Occupational Therapy/Physical Therapy Rehabilitation
Holistic/Home-Based Therapy Studies
Computer-Assisted/Virtual Reality Studies
Research Questions and Hypothesis
From the Paper
"Whitlock and Hamilton (1995) suggest, however, that even the most severely brain damaged patient can recover cognitive functioning to a remarkable degree if admitted to an acute rehabilitation program as early as possible after the initial injury. Age, severity of injury, pre-TBI educational and/or functional level, and type of treatment provided were among the most significant variables influencing outcome. Several other studies of a similar nature - i.e., Katz and Alexander (1994), Lubusko, Moore, and Stambrook (1994), and Carney, Chesnut, Maynard, Mann, Patterson, and Helfand (1999) - found further support for the effects of these variables on the outcome of cognitive rehabilitation."
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The Ability to Read, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal providing an extensive review of literature about the ability to read and describing a research methodology to evaluate the predictor effects of short-term memory and language ability.
10,640 words (approx. 42.6 pages), 93 sources, APA, $ 212.95
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Abstract
This paper explains in detail the process of reading and the many factors that can contribute to problems in learning to read. The paper details evaluating the predictor effects of short-term memory and language ability by testing children of low socioeconomic status between the ages of three and four years on reading skills. The author points out that, if the relationship of short-term memory and language ability is predictive, this knowledge might be helpful to the clinician in deciding which children to refer to intervention programs.
Table of Contents
The Meaning of Reading
Proper Reading Development
Decompose Reading
Alphabetic Principle
Passage Comprehension
Normal Reading Ability in Children Ages 6-10
Early Development to Promote Reading
Language and Reading Ability
Dyslexia, a Common, Worldwide Phenomenon
Hyperlexia
Receptive and Expressive Language
Short Term Memory and Reading Ability
Dyslexia and Memory Correlated
Types of Attention
Short-term Memory and Environmental Factors
Purpose of the Study
Rationale
From the Paper
"Genetic factors also play an important role in future reading and learning disabilities. Though the specific genetic influences such as identification of a phonological awareness gene have yet to be identified, certain lingual characteristics are inherited. Bishop studied a cohort of children from 86 families. The children presented with language impairments. The hereditary problems could be identified through a test of non-word repetition. Such a hereditary relationship was not found among respondents among respondents from the general population. The study concluded, that non-word repetition, inherited or not, is indicative of potential reading and learning disabilities."
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Ability Grouping, 2004.
This paper is a research proposal with an extensive literature review that investigates the effects that ability grouping has on students? academic achievement and other factors, especially on students with lower ability.
3,810 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the question of the whether it is beneficial or not to separate students according to aptitude or ability level has been extensively discussed and researched, but the evidence has supported of both sides of the argument. The author plans a quantitative study of approximately 3000 students in the seventh and eighth grade, half of which are in heterogeneous learning situations, and the other half are in homogeneous learning situations according to ability level. The paper states that the research hypothesis is that ability grouping, in comparison to alternate forms of placement, will result in different levels of self-esteem, academic self-concept or efficacy for studying, test anxiety, and academic achievement for those students in the ability groups versus those who are not, as well as differences between those students in high versus low ability groups.
Table of Contents
Introduction and Literature Review
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Hypothesis
Research Method
Sample Characteristics
Data Analysis
Timetable
Limitations
Significance of the Research
From the Paper
"Tracking is the most extreme form of ability grouping. This type of grouping involves sorting pupils according to a standard measure of achievement or ability, such as achievement tests, IQ, or GPA. Pupils are arranged into ?tracks? ranging from the highest ability to the lowest ability, and often remain in these homogeneous groupings for the entirety of their schooling, regardless of any performance differences between subjects. Also, mobility between tracks is rarely possible, which results in students remaining in the same track throughout their education, irrespective of changes in academic, personal or social factors."
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Social Cognitive Theory on Personality, 2007.
An analysis of the different cognitive factors that affect personality.
2,497 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the study of social cognitive theory and personality. It describes the different cognitive factors that affect personality beginning with children and continuing into old age. The paper analyzes the processing of social and emotional information, whether it is looking at people's faces, their nonverbal communication or the way people gain and access information about others.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Social Cognitive Theory in Relation to Personality
Social Cognitive Theories in Relationship to Personalities
Looking at Children's Cognitive Knowledge and Personalities
The Effects of Age on Social Cognition
Social Cognition Theories on Social Cognitive Processes
From the Paper
"The social-cognitive knowledge an individual has is used in different ways and often this cognitive knowledge is used to decide if a person wants to associate with someone based on the type of personality the person has and the knowledge of this type of personality schema that is stored in the individual's mind. Social-cognitive psychologists believe that simple things such as posture, faces, attitudes, or motor behavior of an individual can conflict with the cognitive knowledge of an individual and make them not like another person who has similar features. "A second property of knowledge that may be important in this inference process of judging whether an attitude is an informative guide to behavior is the complexity of the knowledge underlying the attitude" (Fabrigar, Smith, Petty, and Crites 2006, 556). Both children and adults use cognitive knowledge and experience to decide whether a person is worthy of trust or if they do not like a person based on the individual's personality."
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Language Differences between Men and Women, 2006.
A paper looking at how males and females communicate and how verbal and non-verbal messages are developed and sent.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper examines several studies concerning the differences between male and female communication. The paper concludes that there are both differences and similarities in how men and women communicate but the differences, while they may be subtle, have judgemental consequences. Such consequences, the paper notes, can be seen in the way that female speakers are rated higher on socio-intellectual status and aesthetic quality while males are rated higher on dynamism.
From the Paper
"Status is also designated in this power scheme. Many of the "women's language" such as politeness and raising the ends of sentences is found more in low- versus high-status individuals. "Women's language" seems to be more often used when individuals are unemployed, housewives or have lower jobs than well-educated people and professionals (O'Barr & Atkins, 1980). Subordinates share higher rates of speech associated with women than they do their managers. Single male parents use language more similar to single mothers than married fathers. It is recognized, then, that language is not just a matter of gender dominance, but goes hand-in-hand with status as well."
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The Cognitive Aspects of the Aging Process, 2005.
Describes the effects that aging can have on the cognitive functions of the brain.
1,924 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 73 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper defines cognition and explains the effects of aging on the brain in relation to memory, attention, metacognition, effects on language and the effects of aging on the executive function and finally cognitive function in very old age.
Introduction
Causes
Overview of Findings in Relation to Cognition and Aging
Cognitive Aging and Working Memory
Long-Term Memory
Environmental Support Indications
Health-Related Cognitive Function Impairment
Changes in Hormonal Levels Associated with Cognitive Decline
Medical Treatments Available
Dietary Changes
Lifestyle Changes
Nutritional Aids in Combating Cognitive Dysfunction
Summary
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Manifestations of the age-associated cognitive disorder may be in various forms including senility, loss of memory, Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Dementia is inclusive of diseases that involve nerve cell deterioration with loss in two complex behavior areas including language, memory, visual abilities, spatial abilities, and judgment."
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Gender Differences in the Workplace, 2003.
A look at how gender differences affect managerial communication in the workplace environment.
4,323 words (approx. 17.3 pages), 25 sources, MLA, $ 114.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to explain how gender differences affect the communication process in a business context and analyzes how the problem can be solved. It discusses how, in the last decade, more females have entered the workforce than ever before and are climbing up the career ladder, prompting communication problems at all levels inside an organization.
Outline
Introduction
Gender Difference: A Context
Motivation
Perception
Attitudinal Commitment
Gender Differences in Verbal Communication
Gender Differences in Nonverbal Communication
Proxemics
Use of Touch
Bridging the Gap Between Men and Women
From the Paper
"Since the last decade, the methods of acquisition and display of power for women generally has changed. As gender equality is being more emphasized, especially in business, women have found themselves in an uneasy position. Their self-perception has changed to a more masculine tradition, as the society expect women to act like men in order to compete inside organizations. Consequently, some women have learned the route to gain power and that is, to use handshake as often as men do."
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Cognitive Dissonance, 2006.
This paper discusses cognitive dissonance in tobacco users.
2,177 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This study examines the effects of cognitive dissonance on tobacco users whose aim is to quit smoking. Hypothesized predictions were generated from cognitive dissonance theory, which suggests that creation of dissonance may contribute to the likelihood that users will attempt to quit smoking and will successfully do so. The writer maintains that the results of the preliminary literature review suggest that cognitive dissonance is most likely to occur in tobacco users when the user has to choose between beliefs and actions that are not compatible. The exact nature of cognitive dissonance to tobacco use is examined in this research article.
Contents:
Introduction
Literature Review
The Nature of Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Selective Exposure and Post Decision Dissonance
Theories of Minimal Justification
Reducing Cognitive Dissonance
From the Paper
"Cognitive dissonance theory can be used to describe the discrepancy users feel between what they know to be true regarding tobacco use and their interpretation or the relative weight they give to this information. Cognitive dissonance suggests that while many users may acknowledge reports from the Surgeon General that tobacco use leads to death or cancer, they may reinterpret this information in a more positive light to reduce the conflict that results from acknowledging they are voluntarily engaging in a habit that is not health promoting. Cognitive dissonance however may also lead to enough discomfort or dissonance in the user to encourage more users to quit permanently, not on the basis of reward but rather to alleviate the dissonance occurring between their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. Dissonance is more likely to be evident in users who acknowledge that tobacco use is bad for them, yet continue to purchase and smoke to assuage their cravings for nicotine."
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Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 2004.
A review of the article, "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Reflections on the Evolution of a Therapeutic Orientation", by M.R. Goldfried.
755 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the article, "Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Reflections on the Evolution of a Therapeutic Orientation" by M.R. Goldfried, which presents an account of the evolution of cognitive-behavior therapy over the past 35 years, since it began with the introduction of cognition into behavior therapy in the mid-1960s. It examines how, as cognitive-behavior therapists became more experienced clinically and recognized that clients did not always engage in clearly reportable internal dialogues, the schema construct was used to understand more about clients? implicit meaning structures. The distinction between cognitive-behavior therapy and cognitive therapy is discussed, and the importance of activating emotional experiencing in the clinical change-process is underscored.
From the Paper
"Goldfried discusses many justifications for the addition of cognition in behavior therapy and even discusses situations of therapy sessions that institute them. Psychologists came to realize that patients might not have the capacity to store, encode, and retrieve information needed for participation in therapy with a clear ?internal dialogue?. Thus, establishing an information-processing model, called a ?schema?, helped therapists understand the problematic functioning of patients having difficulties such as inaccurate classification of events, selective attention, and so on. Goldfried goes on to define a schema as ?a cognitive representation of individuals? past experiences with other people, situations, and themselves, which helps them construe events within that particular aspect of their life?."
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Vegetable Consumption and Cognitive Performance, 2007.
This paper studies the association between past vegetable consumption and cognitive performance.
2,931 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that cognitive impairments and decline are often considered commonplace characteristics of aging. The writer points out that the aged population is increasing in America, and it is important that attention and research be directed at how certain age-associated phenomena, such as cognitive decline, could be reduced. The writer examines research that have determined that dietary intake of certain foods and nutrients have a significant impact on cognitive performance. The writer concludes that high dietary intake of vegetables was determined to be associated with higher cognitive performance scores among the aged population under investigation. Further, the writer maintains that the overall health benefits offered by diets high in vegetable intake need to be factored into interventions aimed at the prevention of all age-related illnesses, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease.
Outline:
Method
Participants
Procedure
Results
Discussion
Limitations
Future Research
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Since the process of aging is inevitable, what can individuals do to prevent cognitive decline and possible Alzheimer's disease as a result of aging? It is important to focus on prevention and primary care as the most optimal approaches to healthcare for an aging population. Preventative approaches to healthcare result in reduced costs for individuals as well as the healthcare system, as well as increased responsibility and self-reliance on behalf of aging individuals."
"One factor which has the potential to greatly affect overall health, including cognitive performance, is diet. How do the foods consumed by individuals affect cognitive performance? Since mild cognitive impairment has been demonstrated as a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, is it possible to alleviate this risk through dietary intake? Several research studies have determined that dietary intake of certain foods and nutrients have a significant impact on cognitive performance."
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Cognitive Psychology and Aircraft Technicians, 2006.
Examines how cognitive psychology applies to the occupation of aircraft technician.
4,447 words (approx. 17.8 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
How does cognitive psychology apply to the real world, most especially how does it apply to a specific occupation, that of the aircraft technician/mechanic? To answer these questions, this paper examines the meaning of cognitive psychology and the various psychologists who shaped this theory. The paper then explores the skills and duties required to be an aircraft technician.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
What is Cognitive Psychology
Early Twentieth Century
Reemergence Of Cognitive Psychology
The Aircraft Technician's Skills and Duties
How Does Cognitive Psychology Apply toward Understanding the Aircraft Technician's Job?
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Not only must an airplane mechanic know about airplanes, but also he or she must be able to multi-task on a regular basis. An airplane mechanic may be a specialist in airplanes or even certain types of airplanes but the occupation itself requires that the individual have a number of skills and be able to use any one of them at a moments notice. For instance, an airplane mechanic must be able to start and run aircraft in order to perform operational tests using live aircraft engine power. He or she must be able to both tow and service the aircraft. In order to do this, the mechanic must have passed specific licensing requirements."
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Cognitive Decline, 2004.
A critical examination of cognitive decline in late adulthood.
1,698 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses cognitive decline in older people. The paper contends that understanding the correlation between aging and cognitive decline requires in-depth research taking into account the numerous variables and theoretical perspectives. The paper agrees that while there is certainly a parallel between the onset of late adulthood and cognitive changes, these changes need not always be severely negative. The paper examines various factors that affect cognitive change.
Outline
Introduction
Overview
Methodical Issues
Retardation of Cognitive Decline
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Cognitive decline in older people is most likely to be measured and seen in terms of declarative or episodic memory. (Wilson et al., 1997. pp 7-14).This refers to the ability to learn and retain new information. Other factors that are measured in this age group, and which show evidence of decline, are mental processing skills and perceptual speed. This refers to simple perceptual comparisons which are unusually measured with accompanying time-related tasks. (ibid) People, who are diagnosed as having ARCD or Age Related Cognitive Decline normally are perceived as suffering from deterioration of memory and learning abilities as well as limited language attention span and concentration problems."
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