| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "CODE SWITCHING ENGLISH CULTURES": |
|
|
Code-Switching in English across Cultures, 1993.
Looking at language integration & assimilation, diglossia, intersentential shifting, bilingualism and English as second language.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 42 sources, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
" CODE ALTERNATION IN ENGLISH ACROSS CULTURES
As in most new fields of research, labels can be disconcerting and confusing, because they change as new theories see the light, even when such theories are neither new nor bearers of significant modifications. So it is with code alternation, variations of which can be found in code switching, code mixing, code-shifting, code-choice, code-swaying, situational switching, and language switching--all subjects to refinements such as intersentential, intrasentential, diatopic, and diastratal code-switching. "According to estimations, about half of the earth's population speaks at least two languages... The alternating use of more than one language is one of the most striking features of many interactions in bilingual communities" (Auer, 1984:1). Most code-switching research has thus been.."
| |
|
Code Switching, 2008.
An overview of the linguistic concept known as code switching.
3,665 words (approx. 14.7 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 101.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses how the term code switching" is actually used to describe those cases wherein a bilingual speaks to another bilingual with the same linguistic background and changes from one language to another in the course of conversation. It provides an overview of the grammar of code switching, some constraints associated with the concept, a description of the quantitative and qualitative differences that affect language acquisition and use, and the code-switching differences between children and adults. A critical review of the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to this end is followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Grammar of Code Switching
Constraints of Code Switching
Language Acquisition: Quantitative vs. Qualitative Differences
Children vs. Adult Code Switching
Social Factors and Code Switching
Conclusion
From the Paper
"According to Byram (2000), "Just like words, the voice (the way of pronouncing words and phrases, intonation and rhythm), gestures of various kinds, visual signs, posture, gaze, proxemic positioning and so on contain information which can be captured and used by the interlocutor in an appropriate and efficient manner, irrespective of the language and culture and in spite of certain quantitative and qualitative differences" (p. 446). In this regard, Meisel (2000) suggests that language acquisition studies have much to gain from investigating the simultaneous acquisition of two (or more) "first languages": "By analyzing the development of two linguistic competences in one individual, we may be capable of sorting out more easily to what extent the underlying logic of development is determined by the grammatical system to be acquired, or the particular way of human language processing as opposed to properties of the individual or of the communicative situation. There is, in fact, a steadily increasing amount of research in this area" (p. 344)."
| |
|
The Power of Code-Switching, 2005.
An analysis of why people might naturally switch between several languages in one conversation.
1,429 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Code-switching is the mixing of more than one language between both speakers in the conversation. This paper examines code-switching, providing multiple examples. It also discusses reasons for code-switching, various ways to code-switch and grammatical types of code-switching. In conclusion, the paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of code-switching, especially code-switching in the classroom.
From the Paper
"Professionals studying code-switching continue to debate about the advantages and disadvantages of code-switching for second language learners. Some arguments against code-switching say it is not a true language; one is not fluent enough in either language if code-switching is necessary; or, code-switching is not academically appropriate. On the other hand, there seem to be more arguments in support of code-switching. For example, code-switching is a form of personal expression and preserving one's culture; the ability to code-switch signifies a strong knowledge of two languages; code-switching requires creativity since some Spanish words cannot be translated."
| |
|
The Effects of Brand Switching, 2006.
This paper discusses the pro and cons of brand switching whether in products or services, as well as the effects on the consumer and the manufacturer.
2,127 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of advertising and marketing of certain brands on the consumer audience. Trademarks are designed to identify a product and are an important factor for a product's brand image. This brand name in terms of sign, symbol or design or a combination of these is used to identify the goods and services of a particular product. Brand switching takes place in instances when the consumers are educated and well read. The more educated the public the more likely the chance of brand switching. The writer of this paper focuses on the Indian market, which is aware of the many branded products that are universally available. The potential of rural demand in India today is tremendous and requires to be tapped. This paper delves into the workings of the Indian economy which was opened to foreign multinationals in 1992. This paper discusses the impact of the Indian government lowering the duty tax on various imported goods to ensure that they compete well alongside goods produced by Indian companies. This paper also examines the use of operation resource groups, whose duty is to determine the demands for products of each category and present it to various companies so that they can make a proper decision with respect to the national demand for their product.
Table of Contents:
What is a Brand Image?
How Does Brand Switching Take Place?
From the Paper
"Recently, the penetration of Audio, Video visuals and the print media has penetrated well into the rural market in India. Moreover the general level of education of the public has improved making them exposed to these print and visual medias. The constant reverse flow of Industries from cities to the towns and villages in some cases has made the rural youths more aware and rich financially. In fact this has created a rural demand for many fancy products in India. The potential of rural demand today is tremendous and requires to be tapped. The Indian Economy was opened to the foreign multinationals in the year 1992 and finding the rural demand potential the foreign companies clamored to come to India in a big way. The penetration of Information Technology into the Indian rural market as well as the city youth have also generated a market which is in a constant state of flux as regards brands."
| |
|
Multi Protocol Label Switching, 2002.
An overview of Multi Protocol Label Switching.
3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 124.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This piece provides an overview of a new networking technology called Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS). The author discusses how modern networks used in large corporate environments and ISPs utilize the IP model and consist of layers. After discussing these layers, the author describes how MPLS improves networking performance by combining two of the most important of these layers, the switching and routing layers. The author then describes how MPLS greatly improves performance by attaching a label to each packet of information and then creating a special path for that packet. After providing the reader with the advantages of this technique including why it is superior to some of the older techniques, the author then discusses why implementing MPLS is a good idea.
| |
|
Marketing: Switching Costs and Customer Loyalty, 2004.
An in-depth investigation of the role of switching costs in influencing customer loyalty in the financial services industry.
12,900 words (approx. 51.6 pages), 62 sources, APA, $ 245.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This investigation presents an in-depth study of marketing, its techniques and different applications depending on the climate in which the marketing takes places. The paper defines the elements of distinctions between traditional and e-marketing. It looks at how different companies - both financial and retail - currently use integrated marketing concepts in their relationship marketing strategy as a way to encourage customer service and therefore strengthen customer relations. The paper offers an in-depth look at the marketing tactics utilized by Countrywide Financial Corporation and its international offshoot of Global Home Loans, located in the United Kingdom. This includes some background history on the organizations and their relationship. This paper also defines important terms to allow better understanding of how marketing, cost and customer loyalty form a direct and vital relationship with each other, regardless of method, agent or presence they are applied to. The paper focuses on different attributes of how these concepts work together to make business practices possible. This includes an exploration of the techniques used to market a product. It also focuses on how market segmentation and demographics play an important role in defining the market place but also allow an organization to target the best possible "match" consumer for its product or service. The paper looks at how a proactive marketing analysis allows an organization knowledge of the consumer in order to build a lasting relationship. It also explores the implications of such marketing techniques and how different degrees of brand presence within the market can create different concerns regarding risk and too much exposure. This also includes any threat to protection of intellectual property as well as the organization's image and customer relations.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Purpose of the Study
Company Profile
Literature Review: The Role of Switching Costs
Traditional Marketing Strategy-Brick and Mortar
Knowing the Market and Demographics
Globalization
Customer Loyalty
E-Marketing and E-Commerce
Implications and Concerns Regarding E-Marketing
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"The best way to utilize marketing to an organization's best benefit is to simply know the market in which business is done. It is imperative a company knows its target and be flexible to new targets. An organization can remain at the forefront by having a cutting edge attitude toward change within the target audience. Gordon writes, "The mood of the marketplace profoundly affects a campaign's success. It is important to respond correctly" (2003, p. 1). Also to remain competitive, an active pace is needed. Instead of allowing the market to define the marketing strategy, the organization should strive to define the marketplace. This can be done through incorporating innovative ideas across the board."
| |
|
English Teaching Methodolodgy - ESL (English Second Language), 2002.
This paper explores some of the fundemental principles of teaching English as a second language.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper serves as a guide for teaching students English as a second language. It is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the first three weeks of educating a group that has never before learned English. The paper explains the characteristics of the material intended to be taught. It also clarifies what one should do if the students made mistakes and deals with ways of encouraging students to talk. The second part of the paper explores the required environment for second language acquisition and the thirds part discusses factors that are beneficial for second language learning efforts.
From the Paper
"First impressions are important in establishing a good relationship between teachers and students. Foreign students often come to the classroom with many fears. (Cary, 2000) Therefore, it is very important that the teacher establish a friendly, enthusiastic atmosphere free of any negative vibes. (Samway, 1999) Even though the students are afraid, this can be eased by a friendly smile and pleasant small talk. This is especially important before giving any sort of assessment test, which should be given during the first class of the term as part of class orientation."
| |
|
Switching Religions, 1996.
Sociological, spiritual, theological & individual reasons for conversion, changing denominations, sect formation.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 20 sources, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"To scrutinize the history of religion in America is to observe a complex interplay of sociological factors inclusive of status, value, belief, and power. Since religious practice is often perceived against a grid of subjective interest or biased condemnation, it is difficult to formulate a balanced appraisal of its variant expressions. The goal of rendering a fair appraisal of diverse religious practice is furthered complicated when the aim is to analyze why individuals switch from one distinctive faith to another. For the purposes of this study, the social phenomenon of switching one's denominational loyalty will be analyzed against a backdrop of cycles of religious fervor observable in American history (Finke 87). Studies which have analyzed the formation, evolution and disintegration of religious..."
| |
|
Changing Corporate Culture at Mattel, Inc, 1985.
This paper describes the corporate culture as (Mattel, Inc. switched the corporate structure from "tall" to "flat."
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The corporate reorganization at Mattel USA, as outlined in the memorandum of July 5, 1995, may be characterized overall as a transition from a "tall" organizational structure to a "flat" organizational structure. Layers of intermediate management will be reduced, bringing top management into a more direct relationship with the operating divisions of the firm, and operating managers will be encouraged to take greater initiative.
The result can be a more supple, flexible, and efficient organization. However, the entire "process culture" within which decisions are reached at Mattel must change if the firm is to achieve the benefits of the new organizational structure. If people bring old habits into the new structure, the organizational restructuring will not only fail to achieve its potential, but will ... "
| |
|
Matthew Arnold: Late Victorian English Poet and Critic, 2002.
This paper discuses Matthew Arnold's critical analysis of English culture and the English nation during late the Victorian period.
1,205 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The author states the late Victorian period in England was a unique time in that country?s literary history. Both literature and the political culture supported one another by different notions of England?s future. Matthew Arnold addressed directly issues of the purpose of English culture and the English nation.
From the Paper
"Matthew Arnold was a conservative writer in the sense that he was not egalitarian. He feared an intrusion of ?vulgarity? into the culture and of ?Philistine populism.? (Wilson xvii; xvii) But his ideas were more complex than that. Arnold did believe that the essential thrust of English development should not be so much to expand its physical boundaries, but to create a culture of, as he termed it, ?Sweetness and Light.? "
| |
|
The Future of English and Mother Tongue, 2001.
This essay deals with shifts of languages other than English and the globalization of English.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 60.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
A personal opinion paper which addresses the following questions - Does globalization of English form a serious threat? Do languages other than English face a slow death? This essays argues the eminent future of English and mother tongue.
From the Paper
"It appears that English is to become the main language in Europe, and perhaps the world. This topic has been discussed extensively and widely and there has been massive scientific research in recent years. I came upon the article ?The Great English Divide? merely by chance, and the discussion caught my particular interest, as I am a Dutch-speaking Belgian, living in multi-lingual South Africa and currently studying towards a degree in English. I surfed the Internet, and found hundreds of articles discussing this same subject. The articles of my choice are only a few examples. Professor David Crystal has nominated a book to the subject ?English as a global language? , where he researched these three questions: What makes a world language? Why is English the leading candidate? Will it continue to hold that position? David Crystal has written a number of books on the topic itself. My main interest is how this globalisation of the English Language will influence English as a language. Is the idea of globalisation of English not just a triumphalist notion? Will the increase of the use of English in non-English speaking countries change English vocabulary and grammar? Will the use of 'Fusion English' increase? Paradoxically, could it mean that the population of Europe will become monolingual and could therefore mother languages become extinct?"
| |
|
The Code Napoleon, 2003.
This paper discusses the Code Napoleon, known as the French Civil Code, and its role in the unification of the revolutionary France and the Empire.
1,820 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that Napoleon firmly believed that Frenchmen needed equality more than liberty; he saw the codification of the laws as a means of giving stability to both the French economy and society. The author states that the Code Napoleon is written in clear and concise language and seeks to strike a balance between Roman and customary law by blending the egalitarian principles of the Revolution in regards to individual rights with the conservative views of Roman law regarding property rights. The paper relates that the Declaration de Saint-Owen guaranteed the retention of Napoleon's Code as the law of France; however, (1) of the countries of the Empire, only the Belgian provinces and the Rhineland retained the civil code completely intact, (2) Holland, Italy and Portugal modeled their national codes upon it and (3) Spain, several South American countries, the State of Louisiana and French Canada would all later adopt large portions of the Napoleonic Code into their own codes.
From the Paper
"Prior to the French Revolution, French law was divided chiefly between two systems: Roman law (which had changed little since the Justinian Code (533 AD)) was paramount in the southern two-fifths of France; and Teutonic Customary law in the northern provinces with the dividing line running generally along the river Loire. Some attributes of customary law existed in the south, and traces of Roman law could be found in the Northern provinces. In the north there were over sixty regional variations of the customary law in existence; in addition to the over three hundred local variations which combined the regional law with the unique local customs of the region. "Voltaire was not exaggerating when he said that in France the traveler changed laws as often as he changed horses.""
| |
|
Who and Which in Bulgarian and English, 2006.
Examines problems of number and gender transfer when translating "who" and "which" from Bulgarian into English.
4,983 words (approx. 19.9 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 126.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
There are a number of problems that a translator might come upon when translating wh- words from Bulgarian into English. This paper looks at "who" and "which" in particular. Why is there a problem? In English, "who" and "which" do not take grammatical markers for gender and number, while in Bulgarian they do . In English and Bulgarian, gender is grammaticalized differently. This particularity is sometimes considered a problem for certain translations from Bulgarian, and more specifically, when gender seems of importance to the Bulgarian text. This paper deals with the notions of grammatical and semantic gender only because the former exists in Bulgarian and the latter is used in English. This paper begins with some preliminary remarks, exposing the differences between Bulgarian and English when it comes to number and gender markings. Some translation examples are discussed in more detail in the section entitled "Examples". It must be pointed out that the paper investigates only one side of the problem, where Bulgarian is the source language and English is the target language. Back translation is not discussed here. The main focus is on how gender itself is produced and translated. Following paragraphs clarify what gender is in both languages and what problems translators might encounter if they choose to transfer a gendered reference from Bulgarian into English.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Preliminary Remarks on Gender and Number in English and Bulgarian
Who and Which in English
Who and Which in Bulgarian
Examples
Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper
"In the extra-linguistic world, gender is a physiological phenomenon connected with the structure of some living beings. There are objects with no sex (inanimate) and others with sex (animate). The category of sex has two exponents (male and female). These facts can be reflected in language since gender markings in a given language are, on the first place, categories established through our contact with the natural differences between the sexes and between what we have called "the animate" and "the inanimate". Thus, the linguistic exponent of sex has the following grammatical and/or lexical correspondences in English:
1 M / he male (animate) boy, father, John, etc.
2 F / she female (animate) girl, mother, Mary, etc.
3 N / it O gender (inanimate/undetermined) cat, stone, table, baby (if sex unknown)"
| |
|
Teaching the English Language, 2008.
This paper discusses task based instruction in English language learning for English second language (ESL) students and presents a teaching module combining English language learning and social issues.
1,635 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that a task based curriculum provides students with the opportunity to apply immediately their learning to tasks on a consistent basis. The author points out that task based instruction provides students with a true learning experience in which they are capable of demonstrating learning through actual experience. The paper indicates that, as students perform tasks they are capable of building on the knowledge and skills that they have already acquired and realizing their abilities related to the unit of instruction. The author includes a module that focuses on the combination of English language learning and social issues, which are relevant to the student's learning and growth and will lead to positive outcomes in education.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
English Language Learning and Social Issues Module
Part One
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
Part Five
Literature
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The module will focus on the theme of social issues and the target learning stage is intermediate, at grades 9-12. At this stage of learning and development high school students are consistently focusing on social issues that impact their everyday lives. Allowing these students to focus on these issues, as well as using English as a means to that expression will motivate the students toward successful completion of the unit. Additionally, tasks that are defined for the students that will allow them to realize their goals in the unit will support the learning and ensure retention of the skills and knowledge that have been acquired."
| |
|
English Language Learners (ELLs), 2007.
This paper discusses writing strategies for English language learners (ELLs).
2,600 words (approx. 10.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 78.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the problem of English language learners (ELLs) learning to write English may be in the failure of the current educational system to distinguish between the differences in the oral and written traditions of the English language. The author points out that ELL students may acquire verbal English skills fairly quickly, which is often mistaken for complete English proficiency; however, research demonstrates that the conventions of written English are far different than spoken English and that ELL students develop written English skills at a rate far slower than the rate at which they develop spoken English skills. The paper relates that ELL students must have a clear understanding of the methodology behind the writing process in order for them to comprehend the general writing traditions of the English language.
Table of Contents:
Discussion
Time Expectations for Adaptation
Conversational English versus Written and Academic English
Failure to Distinguish Oral and Academic Communication in Teaching
Strategies for Teachers
Prewriting
Revising and the "Writer's Workshop"
Journal Writing
Reformulation
Benefits of Encouraging Primary Language Development
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The wide variance in writing conventions amongst different languages often forces ELL students to 'unlearn' the conventions of their first language. For example, if a student's first language is a mainly a symbolic, or logographic language, a student may have difficulty learning to form letters that in turn form a word. However, this aspect of language acquisition should not always be considered a hinderance in learning written English. It can also have positive benefits. If a student is already writing in their first language, it is likely that those skills can be utilized to advantage of teaching written English."
|
|
|
