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Classification of Law, 2007.
This paper looks at ways in which law may be categorized.
1,474 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that law can be classified in different ways. The writer notes that such classification is a useful exercise in learning and for obtaining an overview of the subject as it helps one to break up a large topic into manageable proportions. However, the writer points out that it must be remembered that the classification of law is an arbitrary exercise and there is no absolute or "right way" of categorizing law. In this paper, some of the ways in which law can be categorized are discussed.
Outline:
Civil Law and Criminal Law
Classification by Subject
Classification by Scope
Classification by Origins of Law
Procedural Law vs. Substantive Law
References
From the Paper
"Perhaps the simplest way to classify law is to divide it in two broad categories: civil law and criminal law. In such a classification, one can assume that civil law is all law other than criminal law. Hence in this type of grouping, all laws other than criminal law such as property law, contract law, tort, commercial, and administrative law fall under the broad heading of civil law and are dealt with by the civil courts. As opposed to this, criminal law is dealt with by criminal courts."
"Such categorization of law is useful because it highlights the differences between civil and criminal law, which are important to understand the intricacies of legal systems of countries such as the United States."
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Classification and Referencing of Documents, 2001.
The following paper discusses the Universal Decimal Classification system which is based on Decimal Classification which was designed for the arrangement and indexing of books on shelves, cards in catalogues and clippings.
1,630 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the way in which the Universal Decimal Classification introduces the idea of auxiliary connections and discusses the way in which this system works by dividing the whole field of knowledge into 10 main classes. The writer discusses the success of the Universal Decimal Classification which is based on it's use of decimal notation.
From the Paper
"The Universal Decimal Classification has a feature called the synthetic principle. This works by allocating a consistent notation to recurrent series of concepts that are arranged in consistent orders. For example in class 4 which is to do with philology the order of sub-classes and the notation representing them is the same for each language. For example 425 for English grammar, 435 for German grammar, etc.). The geographical location of countries is also consistent. For example British history could be 942, so German history would be 943; and 328.42 is British legislation, with German legislation being 328.43.
The synthetic principle allows for over 200 different languages to share the same in depth coverage that English usually exclusively enjoys. This principle also allows for great increases in the range of subdivision with no printing costs."
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DSM Classification of Personality Disorders, 2005.
This paper defines the DSM 4 classification for personality disorders within the realm of abnormal psychology.
2,355 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the urgent need for changes in the classification of personality disorders. The paper discusses the current classification model for personality set forth by DSM 4. It looks at the problems associated with this system of classification, including high level of co-morbidity and lack of theoretical or empirical rationale for selection of categories. The paper looks at proposed alternative classification systems, such as dimensional systems where extreme scores are representative of psychopathology.
From the Paper
"Personality disorders are longstanding patterns of extreme, inflexible personality traits that are deviant or maladaptive and lead to impaired functioning or subjective distress. (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 1994). The essential feature of a personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture."
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Classification, 2002.
An insight into the principles of classification and division.
907 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the process of classification or division of a whole entity into numerous specific groups. It shows how dividing organizations, government, studies, written works and species of plants and animals into specific categories allows for more complete or focused attention to be applied to specifically functioning members within the given macrocosm. Special emphasis is placed on the classification of the human body into categories such as skeletal, muscular, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Each system has a specific job, but all systems work together in order to keep the body alive and properly functioning. This paper shows how classification, separation and combined efforts of the human body has been used as the model after which societies, governments and their militia have been formed.
From the Paper
"Whether focus is upon a government structure, a company, a military structure or upon the individual human body, specific compartmental functions can be singled out and identified. Although no specific function can truly be described as being greater than another function, the overall entity will not be able to operate smoothly without the specific capabilities exerted by even the seemingly smallest of its divisions. The briefest of trips to a doctor?s office will reveal a cosmos within a cosmos that is so complex, various medical specialties have come about in order to treat the individual categories more completely."
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Classification Systems, 2003.
A discussion on the role of classification systems.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a brief review of proposals to develop a classification system for the categorization of national accounting systems. The paper uses the United Kingdom and the United States to illustrate the effectiveness of such systems in developing and understanding the accounting regimes in different countries.
From the Paper
"The increasing globalization of economic activity has demonstrated a need for coherence in accounting standards. The efforts to develop such coherence referred to most often ..."
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Classification and Evolution of Life Part II, 2006.
A discussion regarding the classification of living organisms.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the taxonomy tables used by biologists to group and classify living organisms, and examines the critical traits to classify animal phyla. Each animal phylum using a dichotomous key has helped in determining the factors to make the classification.
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Classification Systems, 2005.
A discussion on race classification systems.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the various ways that human variation is classified, focusing in particular on those used by physical anthropology. The paper demonstrates how an analysis of classificatory systems of human variation can better help social scientists grapple with the issue of race. It contends that race has much more to do with pseudo-scientific differentiations among human beings than does genetics.
From the Paper
"The entire human species is understood by most scientists as well as humanists to be highly variable (yet genetically quite uniform). Even within a single geographic region, country, neighborhood or household one can find innumerable visible differences between individuals. The origins of such differences can be traced to one's anatomy, physiology, ontogeny or culture. Except for culture, which is by definition learned, all of these factors have a genetic component. And as the study of human evolution and history demonstrates, the environment has had an essential role in selecting for certain genetic traits. Thus it can be said that human variation is the result of a complex interaction ..."
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Classification of Inmates, 2004.
This paper discusses prisoner classification, a method of evaluating inmate behaviors that determines whether of not inmates are high-risk.
780 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper describes that, in the risk evaluation process, offenders are put through a series of evaluations, including health and medical screenings, prior arrest surveys, and other behavioral testing. The author relates that specialists assign a profile to each inmate, including his or her offending crime, social background, educational background, work history, and criminal record. The paper explains that there are five basic types of high-risk inmates; each type of inmate has its own set of rules and regulations to maintain the highest level of safety.
From the Paper
"The first type of high-risk inmate, as identified by the Department of Corrections (2002), is the inmate who is deemed high-risk because of escape possibilities. This means that those inmates have a history of escape attempts, either at local detention centers, or from previous Federal Prisons. These inmates have a high motivation to escape and are physically capable of harming guards or others to do so. For these inmates, extra security is required to make sure they do not flee."
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Social Classification in the Classroom, 2005.
This paper reviews Jean Anyon's essay "Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work" that discusses the varying teaching techniques based on a community's social class.
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that social classification in the classroom is a biased system of education which trains the children of lower social classes to be docile and obedient in order to prepare them for a career of following orders; whereas, the children of well-to-do Americans are taught assertiveness, resourcefulness and creativity to prepare them not only to lead a career but also how to be proper global citizens. The author points out that differences in education across the social spectrum are observed in the styles of teaching, the ways in which a school tests and grades its students and the ways the faculty treats the students. The paper recommends that a better method of educational classification is used in Germany in which students are grouped based on their academic achievement, potential and personal characteristics to attend schools that prepare them for careers best suited for the individual rather than on their social classification.
From the Paper
"Before investigating how the students in different social classes are taught, Anyon defines each type of school on the basis of the social class of its student's parents. She labels the first type studied as "working class schools" because most of the parents of the students hold blue-collar jobs such as pipe welders, auto mechanics, and security guards earning yearly incomes of $12,000 or less. The author describes the next school as a "middle class school" consisting of children of skilled blue-collar workers, working and middle-class white-collar employees, and middle managers earning between $13,000 and $25,000. Moving up the social ladder, Anyon defines the "affluent professional school" as one that "has a parent population that is at the upper income level of the upper middle class and is predominantly professional" building careers as doctors, lawyers, and engineers earning between $40,000 and $80,000. The final type of school Anyon discusses is the "affluent professional school" in which the students' parents serve as top executives in major corporations earning over $100,000."
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Conservatism and Self-Classification, 2008.
A look at how many people of different gender, class, education, and socioeconomic groups self-classify themselves as conservative.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper presents research designed to address self-classification of conservatives in the United States. Because the U.S. has undergone a period of conservative influence and control of its political system in the last generation, the range of persons identifying themselves as "conservatives" and the variety of sociopolitical beliefs that this group holds has increased in both number and diversity. Following a review of the literature to outline some basic conservative tendencies in the U.S., the findings of a research project are presented in order to determine whether there does in fact seem to be a coherent and comprehensive set of social beliefs that people ascribe to so that they classify themselves as "conservative" rather than as adherents of some other philosophy.
From the Paper
"The fact that McCloskey didn't use self-classification is somewhat surprising, since he himself suggests in his research report that sometimes there is little difference, or at least shifting difference, between conservatives and liberals (their main political rivals in the U.S.). It is possible that those who identify themselves as conservatives may share some beliefs with those who call themselves liberal. Francis Wilson argues that one reason this may be so is because both conservatives and liberals are dealing with the same content in a social struggle. "
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Classification of Homosexuality, 1994.
The evolution of the medical and psychiatric definition to and from status of a mental disorder.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 14 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Homosexuality: The Transition to and From The Status of Mental Disorder
This research traces the transition of homosexual behavior to and from the status of mental disorder. To a certain extent, even the definition of homosexual behavior can become charged with emotional controversy. The word ?homosexuality? is derived from the Greek word meaning ?same,? and ?generically refers to any sexual activity between members of the same sex? (Gadpaille, 1989, p. 1086). Homosexuality ?as a clinical or diagnostic term is misleading, however; it implies a unity of behavior and meaning that does not exist? (Gadpaille, 1989, p. 1086). Adult preferential homosexuals ?are distinguished simply by the conscious awareness of greater or exclusive sexual arousal by persons of the same sex. They need not be sex..."
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Personnel Classification, 1999.
Compares contract workers & formal employees on basis of economic imperatives of employers.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"PERSONNEL CLASSIFICATION: CONTRACT VERSUS FORMAL EMPLOYEE
Introduction
This research examines the classification of personnel within organizations as either formal employees of the organization or as contract workers. Contract workers frequently are referred to as contingent workers. The thesis of this examination is that employers classify individuals as contract workers or formal employees on the basis of short-term economic imperatives, as opposed to a formal classification protocol.
Recent Trend in Contract/Employee Classifications
The trend over the past 20 years in the classification of personnel within American organizations has been in the direction of increased levels of classification as contract .."
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Fingerprint Classifications in Forensic Science, 2005.
A look at how the classification of fingerprints has been used as a method of identifying individuals for over a century.
2,340 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the process of classifying fingerprints is a very sophisticated task that has numerous practical applications in day-to-day activities. The paper further explains that advanced algorithms are used to filter data that contain information about specific anatomic landmarks and these data are matched to fingerprints of individuals saved in databases. The paper also explains that, while the accuracy of this technology is very high, there are up and coming future technologies that may out date fingerprinting as the gold-standard individual identification modality.
From the Paper
"Fingerprint identification has numerous practical applications. Particular fingerprints may be matched to individuals because they are distinct and unchanging. The individuality of fingerprints is based on the ridge structure and minutiae. The recognition of these landmarks, including shape, number, and location is an automated process by which computer algorithms filter data and match a subset of individuals with a particular print. More complex analyses are then performed to identify the individual who matches the print from the subset of prospects. Overall, the accuracy of these technologies is extremely high and is considered the gold-standard for individual recognition. Future technologies such as DNA fingerprinting and iris scan algorithms appear promising and may replace fingerprinting in the future."
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Ambulatory Payment Classifications, 2002.
A look at the classification system and what effect changes will have on the system.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the APC system in Medicare and the changes and the effect it will have on the system.
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