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Civil Service in Japan, 1993.
A look at the recruitment and selection, organization, power and influence.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 5 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Upper Civil Service in Japan
This paper will discuss various aspects of the Japanese upper, or higher, civil service, including recruitment and organization, and will discuss the power and influence of the civil service in the government.
The recruitment of civil servants is probably more important in Japan than in any other country because of certain factors which are unique to Japan. First of all, it has become customary in Japan for civil servants to enjoy lifetime employment. Second, decentralized recruiting and an extremely low degree of lateral mobility have created a cautious and competitive recruitment system. Third, the multiple track recruiting system has raised the stakes of initial recruitment, since future leaders are identified and selected during the process. Finally..."
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Habeas Corpus - Civil Liberty or Civil Right, 2008.
An analysis of civil liberties and civil rights and which of them applies to habeas corpus.
3,137 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the origins and history of habeas corpus, from its roots that predate the Magna Carta through to the present day, where it is being employed to the benefit of hundreds that wrongly languish in prison. The paper also explains the distinction between civil right and civil liberty and discusses which applies to habeas corpus. Lastly, the paper looks at the historic ups and downs of habeas corpus and discusses its unique place in the Constitution, separate from provisions contained in the Bill of Rights.
From the Paper
"Rights and liberties need to be at their strongest when public support is at its weakest. Civil rights are decreed by law, civil liberties are God given, and the actions of legislatures are inevitably governed by the politics of the time. Habeas corpus is a civil liberty included among the "self evident truths" of the Declaration of Independence, and alone one of the civil liberties that can be suspended by acts of the government during times of crisis. The president judged by history as one of the best, sought to suspend these liberties in time of extreme crisis in the nation's young history. It was circumvented to increase support during a world war, to intern "dangerous" citizens during another, and to grant due process rights to perpetrators of the war for the new millennium. It is now freeing hundred of wrongly convicted people of a crime. The future of habeas corpus is uncertain in the short term, but solid in the future as all inalienable rights bestowed upon the common man by his creator."
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"In Service of the Emperor", 2005.
A review of the book "In Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army" by Professor Edward Drea.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how "In Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army", by Professor Edward Drea is a military history text full of insightful essays. It looks at how it covers an array of interesting topics and examples that present an unbiased and well documented account of the IJA from 1937 to 1945. Topics discussed include the IJA's strategy during the Pacific War, Japan's plans for defense against an invasion on Kyushu, and the role of the Emperor Hirohito in military decision making.
From the Paper
"The Yamato spirit played an enormous role within the IJA. While training for combat, a Japanese soldier is told he belongs to the Emperor and that the only honorable way in which to serve is to die. The idea of joining the army to die for one's leader takes a faithful mind of a willing individual. Drea explains how important the opportunity to fight for Japan was to the Japanese. For hundreds of years the warrior class of samurai was held in the highest regard and revered, now any able bodied man could serve and die for the Emperor and bring great honor to his family and nation. However, training a soldier to want to die proved not to be the greatest strategy for winning a war."
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Non-Violent Civil Disobedience, 2002.
A comparison of Thoreau's notion of civil disobedience with the civil rights movment of the 1960s to gain equal rights for African Americans.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Compares Thoreau's notion of civil disobedience with the civil rights movement of the 1960s to gain equal rights for African Americans. Leadership of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his thinking. Moral reasons for disobeying unjust laws. Peaceful demonstrations and those of activists. Bus boycott & NAACP litigation approach. Sit-ins, Freedom Rides and voter registration efforts of SNCC.
From the Paper
"In his original formulation of the idea of civil disobedience Henry David Thoreau argued that when "gross inconsistency is tolerated" by the citizens of a democracy then "under the name of order and civil government, we are all made at last to pay homage to and support our own meanness" (Thoreau). In Thoreau's case he refused to pay taxes on the grounds that the government supported both an imperialist war against Mexico and the ownership of slaves. He held that a taxpayer in a democracy that engages in imperialist aggression and the expansion of slavery becomes, by way of his participation, an imperialist and a slave owner himself--no matter what private opinions he holds and no matter how he voted. To accept the order that allows these things was, in effect, not merely to accede to their existence but to become one with those who behaved in this..."
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The Role of Civil Societies: Three Approaches, 2006.
A paper discussing what makes a society civil and what we think is the behavior of civilized people.
1,873 words (approx. 7.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper considers different views about what makes a civil society and civilzed behavior. In particular, the paper discusses what the role of a civil society is according to political thinkers John Locke, Alexis de Tocqueville and Karl Marx.
From the Paper
"Of his major concerns, Locke reasoned that men in their natural condition were "free, equal, and independent." It was not a matter of their thinking themselves independent, for property was a physical relationship to external nature, and it was within the limits provided by this physical relationship that each individual could equally find room or space to exercise his freedom independently of other men. By being masters of themselves and proprietors of their own actions and labor, men had in themselves a great foundation of property and independence. "Every man has property of his own person," Locke reasoned. "This nobody has any right to but himself. The labour of his body and the work of his hands are properly his. Whatsoever then he removes out of the State that Nature hath provided and left it in mixed his labour with, and joined to do it something that is his own, and thereby makes it his property." At the level of subject matter, civil societies consisted of individuals who acquired by their physical actions something as their own, which was distant and separate from what other individuals had."
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Japan's Modern Myths, 2007.
This paper discusses Japan as viewed in 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period' by Carol Gluck.
849 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer discusses Professor Carol Gluck's views regarding Japan as portrayed in Chapter 5 and 6 of 'Japan's Modern Myths: Ideology in the Late Meiji Period'. The writer points out that Professor Gluck argues that Japanese society was and is a society founded upon the values of the collective, rather than upon the individual. Further, the writer notes that her view of Japanese civic virtues is extremely broad and suggests that on every level of public and personal morality, the nation is given greater value than the lives of its citizens. The writer then discusses that, in Chapter 6, Gluck paints the period as a constant struggle between the forces of nationalism and collectivism versus the "social fever" for modernity, or Westernization, that is still present and, in Gluck's opinion, was a natural, human impulse in contrast to the expressed will of the state.
From the Paper
"Gluck suggests that the Meiji policies of the late 19th and early 20th century Japanese government leading up to World War II made civil obedience and national sacrifice a religious calling. Gluck's views of the causes of World War II thus take on a very socially deterministic cast. In her view, because the Emperor was divine, everything he did and was done in the name of Japan was seen as right and just. In terms of Japanese religion, although Gluck argues that although it might seem Buddhism had had a strong religious presence in Japanese morality, she believes this should not be over-emphasized, stating that Buddhism was often perceived as a foreign religion by the state In contrast, Gluck stresses the emphasis on the indigenous Japanese religion Shinto as a state religion. She sees Shintoism, as opposed to the imported philosophy of Buddhism, to form the true philosophy of the civil cult of the state. She points out that the Shintoists continued to press their claims for the institutionalization of Shinto as a separate office of state, apart from Buddhists."
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Equality in Japan and China, 2008.
This paper discusses the influence of western civilization on the social status of women in Japan and China.
2,786 words (approx. 11.1 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the role of women in Japan and China has undergone a significant change due to the profound influence of Western culture in these Asian countries. This paper examines the history of the social status of both Japanese and Chinese women, and looks at how that status has changed and evolved over the years as the West has imposed its values on both countries' citizens. The writer argues that Japanese and Chinese women have experienced both positive and negative outcomes in social equality due to the impact of Western civilization on these two Eastern powers, however, the positives far outweigh the negatives.
Outline:
Introduction
Japanese Women prior to World War II
Post World War II Japanese Women
Chinese women and their status after the influence of Western culture
The Social Equality of Japanese and Chinese Women
Negative social outcomes due to Western influence
Japan
China
Refuting the Negative Social Outcomes Due to Western Influence
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Overall, women in Japan and China today experience much more social equality than their mothers and grandmothers ever did. Each great Eastern power was under the influence of Confucius and the old customs that made women subservient to their husbands, and even to their eldest sons.
"Since Western standards of gender equality have encroached the East, women in both Japan and China have had a much greater opportunity for education. This is evident in the sharply increased female enrollment at the university level in both powers."
"The glass ceiling for women not only exists for women in Japan and China, but also is still an issue in the United States. Nonetheless, there are increased opportunities within the work place due to higher academic achievement among Japanese and Chinese women. Women are now in government offices in both powers and greater opportunities will no doubt abound in time."
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The Origins Of American Civilization, 2002.
This freshman paper shows how American civilization is probably the world's most peculiar civilization. As it came to replace the indigenous civilization of the native Indians, it also laid the foundations of a culture that was a mixture of several Europe
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This freshman paper shows how American civilization is probably the world's most peculiar civilization. As it came to replace the indigenous civilization of the native Indians, it also laid the foundations of a culture that was a mixture of several European cultures and trends. The following paper discusses the culture, influence of European colonialism, African migrants and the native Americans with respect to its development into a civilization.
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Japan's Nuclear Capabilities, 2006.
This well-researched paper examines not only whether Japan has the capability to create nuclear weapons but whether or not Japan already has these actual weapons.
6,555 words (approx. 26.2 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 150.95
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Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.
From the Paper
"Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."
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James McPherson?s Book on the Civil War, 2004.
Review of James McPherson's book, "The Battle Cry of Freedom: the Era of the Civil War", and its discussion of the issues that precipitated the Civil War.
2,223 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews some of the Civil War issues covered in McPherson's book about the pre-Civil War, Civil War, and post-Civil War periods. Where needed, the paper provides other supporting materials to further explain these issues and summarizes McPherson's four major points, which he suggests defined the end result of the Civil War.
From the Paper
"James McPherson?s book is deep and rich with more than just the facts, dates, names and battles of the pre-Civil War, Civil War, and post-Civil War periods. In fact, this book is so thorough and meticulous in its background coverage, it should be required reading for college students delving into American History. An instructor with good academic instincts could succinctly summarize each of the twenty-eight chapters, and provide illustrated interactive sessions with students to cover the entire book."
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Civil Rights Movements, 2005.
A discussion on the American Civil Rights Movements, focusing primarily on the fight for civil rights for African-Americans, women and homosexuals.
1,355 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the American Civil Rights Movement was primarily a nonviolent struggle by African-Americans to obtain full rights, protections and equality under the law. It looks at how, although in many aspects the Civil Rights Movement continues it struggle for equality today, it actually began with the start of the Civil War and really took off in the 1960s. It looks at how the Civil Rights Movement has seen many successes and failures including boycotts, sit-ins, ride-ins and victories in the Supreme Court and how it has been led by such leaders as W.E.B Dubois, Thurgood Marshall and Dr. Martin Luther Jr.
Outline:
Introduction
Civil Rights Movement Background
Civil Rights Movement Timeline (1865-1955)
The Aims of the Civil Rights Movement
Major Players and Their Role in the Movement
Successes and Failures of the Movement
Other Movements with Roots in the Sixties
Conclusion
From the Paper
"After the Civil War, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed in 1865. The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery. In 1868, the 14th Amendment was passed. This amendment made anyone born in the United States a naturalized citizen and afforded them equal protection under the law. The amendment however although providing equal protection to all citizens, created what is known as the separate by equal doctrine or better known as segregation. In 1870, the 15th Amendment was passed which provided voting rights to all citizens regardless of race. But with the passing of this amendment it, it did not remove literacy tests to qualify voters. This test was particularly used to eliminate black voters. "
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The Civil Rights Movement, 2002.
This paper discusses the success of the Civil Rights Movement in creating equal opportunities and civil rights towards the African Americans and minorities of the United States.
3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 29 sources, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper is a thorough examination of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States and the affect it had on the black community. It looks at the history of the movement beginning in the 1950s and covers all of the major events such as Brown v. Board of Education, the passage of the Civil Rights Act in 1964, Rosa Parks, and Dr. Martin Luther King. The positive affects of the movement on the black community and their position in American society from the 1970s through 1990s is detailed through the use of charts and graphs.
From the paper:
"The Civil Rights Movement was very successful in creating equal opportunities and civil rights towards the African Americans and minorities of the United States. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a prime example to show how the movement was indeed successful. Clearly this is a sensitive issue among blacks and whites alike. The Civil Rights Movement ultimately had a dramatic effect on the African American Culture of the United States. As a result of this movement, more African American people have become influential in the political and social aspects of the American society. More and more African Americans are beginning to emerge into the middle and even upper class of the United States. Just take a look at the three CEOs of AOL, American Express, and Merrill Lynch. These are all major players in the politics and economy of the United States."
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Four River-Valley Civilizations, 2004.
This paper discusses the four river-valley civilizations of India, China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, which were among the earliest civilizations in history.
1,765 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the earliest civilizations in history, such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, and India, were found near rivers because, when rivers flooded, people could grow more food for themselves and for trade. This system, the basis of all these early civilizations, is called the ?river-valley civilizations?. The author points out that these civilizations arose independently of each other and shared certain generic features, but each people produced unique characteristics based on the environment, especially in their religious and social structures. The paper concludes that all these civilizations began to decline because of the lack of power in the ruler, which resulted in many wars or disunity within a civilization.
From the Paper
"Mesopotamia, meaning ?the land between the two rivers,? was found within the rivers of Tygris and Euphrates, near modern day Iran and Iraq. Mesopotamians had a wedge-shaped writing, and they were great in mathematics. They were the ones who founded that one minute equals to sixty seconds and that sixty minutes equal to one hour. Moreover, days of the week, weeks, calendars were established by Mesopotamians.
When it comes to their political system, Mesopotamians had independent city-states, in which the city controlled its surrounding countryside. There was a huge power struggle between these numerous city-states in order to gain political and military control over others. They had similar type of government and they were governed by the system called ?polytheistic theocracy,? ruling by many gods and priests. In this system, gods owned everything within those city-states, and priests simply provided the connection between the gods and people."
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Origin, Extent and End of Civil Government, 2001.
This paper discusses and compares civil government according to Aristotle, Locke and Montesquieu.
4,600 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the origin, extent and end of civil government and compares the views of Aristotle, John Locke, and Montesquieu on why we need civil government, what that civil government should be, and what that civil government does for us. The first part of the paper is very specific in describing what each philosopher thinks of the origin, extent, and end of civil government. The end examines the extent to which our Constitution was found on the political philosophies of the liberals.
From the paper:
?Nearly 2000 years elapsed between the time that Aristotle expressed his theories on political philosophy and the time that Locke and Montesquieu expressed theirs, this accounts for many of the differences in their thinking. Aristotle wrote his philosophy from an ancient point of view and when Hobbes came along during the Enlightenment, he changed political philosophy forever. Hobbes influenced both Locke and Montesquieu this is probably why they both differ so much from Aristotle. The liberals, as Locke and Montesquieu were, hold in common one fundamental premise: the freedom and equality of human beings. This is why they back away from Aristotle?s emphasis on virtue. Aristotle spends much of ?The Politics? discussing regime, while Locke and Montesquieu are simply more concerned with establishing some for of civil government.?
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The Civil War Centennial 1961-1965, 2004.
This paper discusses that the Civil War Centennial observance, during the height of the civil rights struggle of the 1960s, further galvanized the conflict between the ?black and white? racial groups, especially in the South.
1,240 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Civil War carries a strong symbolic significance. Among Southern whites, many tend to identify culturally with the ?Southern identity? and the defeat of the Confederacy; among black citizens the Civil War brings an even stronger emotional and ideological reaction because they consider the war to be the pivotal struggle to end slavery in the United States. The author relates that, perhaps, the event, which most strongly symbolizes the reaction of ?culturally Southern? whites, was that surrounding the ?raising of the Confederate flag? over the Capitol building in South Carolina. The paper questions whether the ?celebration? of the Civil War was a good idea, given the concept of ?celebrating? a war as necessarily divisive as a civil war, and given its affect on the social, racial, and political climate of the 1960s.
From the Paper
"That the South chose to ?unfurl? the confederate flag, as the symbol of the meaning of the Civil War as it applied to their ?identity,? and to bar black delegates from participating in the Centennial. The Northern states chose to reenact battles (Kansas, Wisconsin, and Missouri) among others, embark on ?educational programs? and stage parades, giving some credence to the widely held notion that the Centennial was ?more a Northern than a Southern celebration.? Further, in addition to the divisive racial controversies that emerged in the Centennial, many believed that the Centennial ?demonstrated the increasing commercialization and trivialization of the memory of the war.? "
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