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City and Suburbs, 2007.
This paper discusses the issue of revisionism in early 20th century Montreal and New York City.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The writer of this article notes that Robert Lewis, in "A City Transformed: Manufacturing Districts and Suburban Growth in Montreal, 1850-1929", and Richard Harris, in "Industry and Residence: The Decentralization of New York City, 1900-1940", deal with the phenomenon of suburbanization in two large North American cities within time frames overlapping the early 20th century. The writer points out that both authors' analyses of changes in residential settlement, industrial relocation, and the restructuring of the urban and suburban landscapes along class lines represent a radical revision of the traditional conceptual models of the processes of suburbanization. The writer maintains that both of these articles are primarily descriptive as opposed to theoretical. It is only when one considers them in terms of the article they later jointly authored - "The Geography of North American Cities and Suburbs, 1900-1950" - that one may see how explicitly their revisionist perspectives, foreshadowed in these earlier articles, have challenged prevailing theoretical models of suburbanization in North America.
Outline:
Introduction
New York and Montreal: Key Findings
The Findings in their Larger Theoretical Context
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The findings that the move to the suburbs in both Montreal and New York City during the late 19th and early 20th century was comprised of working class people represents a critical distinction between this phase of suburbanization and the more well-known later 20th century model. For example, in the 20th century settlement in the suburbs was seen as a means of escaping low-income housing. In a number of American cities, a racial dimension was added to this class distinction, as the suburbs became areas to which the blue-collar white workers and the white middle-class resettled from the inner city, which was left to the African American working class. Studies of cities such as Detroit have found that these industrial suburbs are notably "hostile" to Black settlement; a factor that adds the complications of race and ethnicity to class in explaining settlement patterns and the processes of suburbanization."
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Essays on the New American City, 2004.
Book review of a collection of essays on American cities in "The New American City Faces Its Regional Future: A Cleveland Perspective".
2,223 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews a series of short essays dealing with the changing face of American cities compiled in the book, "The New American City Faces its Regional Future: A Cleveland Perspective". The paper explains how the book, which contains essays from several different authors while focusing primarily on the future of Cleveland in the new world order, also has a very national perspective and speaks at length about the problems of urban centers across the country. The paper discusses Part One and Part Two of the book and summarizes the authors's opinions regarding Cleveland's present situation, the role of Cleveland's city hall, and top-down style reform. The paper also summarizes how the authors deal with the reconstruction of a city and the need for mandatory regional government that overrides the local rule of suburbs.
From the Paper
"Two basic situations were appraised by all of the writers in the first half of the book. The first had to do with the staggering inequality that coincides here with a deeply segregated living arrangement. Cleveland is apparently among the top five most segregated urban centers in the country, and the reason for this phenomenon is explored by all. The second issue is that of urban sprawl, with each author suggesting a course of action that might revitalize the inner city."
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City of Angels, 2001.
A look at the image of the city of Los Angeles.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the nature of the City of the Angels looking at a very mixed bag of primary sources about the nature of commerce and the city. The paper also looks at how the city has been defined by the nature of 20th century and now 21st century capitalism. It also looks at the way the suburb has been defined by capitalism and the ways in which Los Angeles as a city that cannot exist or be understood in isolation, has also been defined by the economics of suburbs and by the ways in which the bright promise of a city on the edge of the continent becomes so easily tarnished.
From the Paper
"We may borrow an opening line of a famous Russian novel and bend it to our own purposes, we might say that while every city is unhappy in its own ways, every suburb is unhappy in precisely the same way. This aphorism that we have just coined may help us to understand the history of the city of Los Angeles - although the history of this great American city is in fact one of the most difficult of all urban histories to write. It is difficult to talk about the nature of this city because it is not exactly a city - if one's model of a city is a place like New York City that is. But it is also a difficult city to define and to describe if one is attempting to describe it as a suburb. For while in the popular imagination Los Angeles may be nothing more than a suburb (although one imagines that its reputation for being a suburb is one based, again, in East Coast sensibilities), it is not in fact a classic bedroom community. Los Angeles is both suburb and city, both Dream Factory and home, a city of significant and fascinating contradictions."
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American Inner-City Housing, 2002.
Discusses problems of lack of affordable housing and poverty.
3,825 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 6 sources, $ 135.95
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Abstract
Discusses problems of lack of affordable housing and poverty. The historical social, economic and cultural background. Role of capitalism. Inadequate social services. Homelessness. Exodus of jobs and housing from cities to the suburbs. The mass media as part of the problem. Contends that human values must be placed above money values to solve inner-city problems.
From the Paper
"The housing situation that faces inhabitants of the inner cities of the United States cannot be understood without a consideration of the social, economic, and cultural history of the country. The North American colonies were founded by European immigrants who conquered, killed, and marginalized the indigenous inhabitants, and eventually herded them into reservations on worthless rural land. Tens of millions of African slaves were imported to labor on the southern cotton, sugar, and tobacco plantations, with at least as many dying in the terribly inhumane conditions of the trans-Atlantic passage as reached our shores.
The North began to industrialize with construction of a cotton mill in Pawtucket, Rhode Island in 1793. During the next century, an unprecedented influx ..."
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City of Angels?, 2007.
An analysis of two books, "City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles" by Mike Davis and "Holy Land: A Suburban Memoir" by D.J. Waldie.
2,059 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the visions of suburban southern California as presented in two works: "City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles" by Mike Davis and "Holy Land: A Suburban Memor" by D.J. Waldie. The paper questions whether southern California is really "heaven and hell" as Davis maintains, or a "holy land" of relative comfortable suburbs as Waldie portrays. The paper explains how Los Angeles is a city of contrasts, a multi-faceted city, that offers a different experience for each individual.
From the Paper
"These two books show radically different sides of the same city, but that is not surprising. Los Angeles is so much to so many that perhaps she has lost her identity in the process. The diversity, the contrast from extreme wealth to extreme poverty, the endless sunshine, the unreality of the film and television industries, the burgeoning population - all of these combine to make a city anything a resident could want. Perhaps that is why these two writes show such diverse sides of the area. Los Angeles does not know who she is, and so, each writer can choose what he wants to highlight. There are so many sides to the City of Angels, it is nearly impossible to cover and analyze them all."
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The North American Suburb, 2002.
A discussion of the nature of the of the suburb and the inner city in North America.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This essay will critically examine the inner city and the suburb in modern North America, and explore the complex mythologies that obscure the reality of life in our urban settings today. It will be argued that while suburbs were originally defined by the need to escape the inner city, increasingly the inner cities of North America are today being defined by an escape from the suburbs with suburban values of security and private space redefining the public spaces of our inner cities. As will be seen, this process is a product of the complex demographic transformation of urban and suburban populations in terms of age, ethnicity, class, gender and race, occurring in the midst of a fundamental economic revolution in North America from an industrial to a post-industrial society.
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"Roughing It in the Suburbs", 2002.
Critical review of "Roughing It in the Suburbs" with both a positive and negative assesment.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper is a review of "Roughing It in the Suburbs". The review discusses Korinek's approach, and points out both the value of and the serious problem with this book. She does not succeed, and the explanation for her failure is explained.
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'Voyages From Tongan Villages to American Suburbs', 2006.
A review and discussion of Cathy Small's book, "Voyages From Tongan Villages to American Suburbs".
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Cathy Small's book about a second generation of Tongan immigrants to America. The paper looks at Small's description of these immigrants and how they did not keep their traditional ways because of moving further or dislodging their connections with Tonga. The paper explains that Small's
book provides insights of mixed race marriages and children, a family experience and approach, and the necessary arrangements of migrating.
From the Paper
" At times, "the migrants later adjust the motivations they gave originally, or give different emphases to their reasons for leaving than they did previously" (Small 92). However, the focus will be on three key reasons for their migration through culture changes, current political status, migration, history, and revenue aspects. The Tongans culture stems from song, dance, gender roles, and respect. Yet, the government felt that the tradition is not lasting, or shall I say, not worthy of current political status. In other words, traditional values have to be transformed or blended..."
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Chinatown: City Formation, 2002.
A look at the Chinatown suburb of Toronto.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the city of Toronto, particularly the location and nature of Chinatown. It traces the history of Chinatown and then explores the community's absence from the debate over the Spadina Expressway.
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Life in the Suburbs of America, 2000.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how living in the suburbs has allowed many people to capture a piece of the American Dream, due to the fact that they can live in two worlds It looks at the advantages of suburban life, including the strength of community life, the quiet and less pollution.
From the Paper
"There is a growing trend in our society today to move out of the cities and into the suburbs. In recent years, thousands have moved out of Chicago and into neighboring suburbs (Chicago Tribune 11-28-93). "Independent citizens in a democratic order... (have) a right to self-improvement, to education and unblocked opportunities for self-advancement" (Shaklar 68). Many want to escape the crime, pollution, and crowds. Others are looking to start families, and they seek more space and better schools (Tribune 11-28-93)."
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What's Going on in North American Suburbs?, 2005.
A discussion of gender and suburban consumption.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
A theoretical paper discussing gender in relation to spaces of consumption pertaining to urban and suburban trends in North America. There is mention of racialization and class as distinctions, perceptions of urban crime, and also suburban decay and crime; safety in the gated space, and ongoing perceptions of gender difference and prognoses for women.
From the Paper
"When reading feminist and urban geography addressing North America, one is struck by several directions pursued in relating gender and suburban consumption in both the capitalist sense of the suburb as a female prison-cum-haven, and the suburb as an alleged safety zone. This paper refers to feminist geography as much as urban planning theories, to sociology and anthropology, en route to a mixed conclusion. It seems apparent that no one is terribly sure what is happening in North American suburbs. (Duany et al: 2000)."
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Detroit, 2005.
This paper discusses the social geographical differences between the city of Detroit and its suburbs (i.e. Anne Arbor).
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
"This paper uses social and spatial indicators to gather statistical information. The author analyzes this data and makes comparisons between city and suburbia. The paper discusses globalization in terms of how it has affected urban sprawl and suburbanization.
From the Paper
"The information movement of the 21st century is giving shape and definition to the global village. As a result, global urbanization has proceeded in adapting to the phenomenon of globalization. As corporations and governments manage globalization, the need for researching the impacts of societal separation and polarization between the classes is imperative to determining social geographical studies. In the past 30 years geography, like other disciplines, has experienced the explosion of knowledge perpetuated by the new tools of modern technology including aerial photography, remote sensors, and the computer."
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Asian-Ameican Immigrants, 1997.
Examines the history, legal restriction, prejudice, assimilation, focusing on Japanese & internal migration from cities to suburbs.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"ASIAN AMERICAN MIGRATION FROM CITIES TO SUBURBS
Introduction
This research reviews the migration of Asian Americans from cities to suburbs. While such migration has not been extensive, the process is accelerating in the last decade of the twentieth century. Because Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing population groups in the United States, the extent of Asian American migration within the country is significant to the future demographic character of the country.
Formation of Immigrant Communities in the United States
The formation of ethnic communities of immigrants in the United States has always flown in the face of the so-called melting pot perception of the country. As the new waves of immigrants to the United States began in the mid-1960s from Latin America.."
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The Mormons: Early Urban Architects, 2006.
Describes the development of early Mormon cities in Utah and how these cities influenced the development of the urban America of today.
4,528 words (approx. 18.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 118.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the design and establishment of Salt Lake City, Utah and places the Mormons' city plans into the broader context of mid-19th century city planning. The paper explains how, in many ways, Mormon cities can be seen as the first true "American cities," as the sprawl and suburbs that have come to characterize urban America actually have their origins in early Mormon cities.
Table of Contents
Early Mormon History
Joseph Smith and the Plat of the City of Zion
City of Zion and 19th Century American Cities
Brigham Young and the Establishment of Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City Comes into Its Own
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Salt Lake City today is one of the major urban centers of the Rocky Mountains. Home to universities, professional sports franchises, ski resorts, and soon, the Winter Olympic Games, Salt Lake has a distinctly cosmopolitan feel in the midst of the towering Wasatch Mountains. However, Salt Lake City is a relative newcomer to the American urban scene; indeed, Middlebury College was nearly half a century old before the settlers of the Great Salt Lake Valley had planted their first crops. Moreover, the scope of the city's functions and the nature of its inhabitants have changed radically. Founded by Mormons seeking an escape from the persecution they faced in the East, and as the Zion, or gathering place, for their growing religion, Salt Lake City grew into a distinctive grid pattern still used today. Based on certain tenets of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints, Joseph Smith, the first Mormon leader, designed a Mormon city to fulfill the religious, social, and economic needs of his followers."
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Immigrants in Toronto, 2008.
This paper provides a report on immigrants in Toronto and discusses the suburbanization of immigration.
1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a comparison and contrast of two distinct Toronto electoral districts; one in the downtown core that has served as a traditional immigration reception area, and one in the suburbs. The writer points out that their social compositions is important for what it reveals the changing ethnic demographics of Canadian society. The writer looks at how these changes are shaping the urban landscape of the major cities. This essay argues that a comparative analysis of these two districts reveals the suburbanization of immigration in Canada, as now established immigrants seek to migrate internally within the city from the downtown to the suburbs. The writer maintains that this intra-migration is complemented by direct settlement of new immigrants from abroad into Toronto's suburbs, effectively bypassing neighbourhoods such as the famous Kensington Market that were defined by successive waves of immigration for much of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Outline:
Introduction
Social Composition: A Comparative Analysis of the Numbers
Ethnic Groups and Visible Minorities in the Landscape
Commentary
From the Paper
"Thus, it may be argued that many of the visible signs of immigrant presence in this area are remnants of past settlement, and that the former immigrant settlers in this district have moved elsewhere in Toronto. Indeed, the fact that the Italian population in York West is more than double that of "Little Italy" suggests that many former Italian immigrants and/or their children may have moved from the downtown to the suburbs. In contrast to "Little Italy" which seems to be a "shell" of its former self, the Chinatown neighbourhood of Trinity-Spadina reveals how dominant this one ethnic group is in the visible landscape of the district; a visual dominance that reflects its 52.2 percent of the district's visible minority population."
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