| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "CIGARETTE SMOKING CANCER": |
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Cigarette Smoking and Cancer, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer.
703 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the extent to which cigarette smoking is responsible for cancer and the types of cancers caused by smoking. The paper examines the main cancer-causing ingredients in cigarette smoke and explains how they cause cancer.
Outline:
Abstract
How Far is Cigarette Smoking Responsible for Causing Cancer
Types of Cancer Caused by Cigarette Smoking
Cancer-causing Ingredients in Cigarette Smoke
The Cancer-Causing Mechanism
From the Paper
"A major WHO Cancer Report in 2003 identifies tobacco consumption as "the most important avoidable cancer risk" worldwide ("Global Cancer Rates" 2003). According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute , "cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible for approximately 30 percent of all cancer deaths annually in the United States" ("Cigarette Smoking and Cancer," 2004). Since active smoking is a purely voluntary act, these statistics make cigarette smoking the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Statistics on Cancer in other developed countries are no different with approximately a third of all cancer deaths in the UK being attributable to smoking in the year 2000 ("Fact sheet No. 4" 2005). Although the rising smoking trend in the developed world, including the United States, has reversed in recent decades due to increased awareness about the harmful effects of smoking, it is increasing in the developing world by 3.4% per year ("Tobacco and the Developing World," 2007). "
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Cigarette Smoking Health Effects in Men, 2001.
An examination of the impacts of cigarette smoking on health with focus on men smokers.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death. Men who smoke are most at risk of death from lung cancer. The author argues that smokers are in great danger of dangerous health effects from smoking and discusses the various impacts caused by smoking.
From the Paper
'Causing more than 400,000 deaths each year, tobacco usage is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Additionally, the direct medical costs amount more than $50 billion per year. More people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Nationally, more than 5 million years of potential life are lost each year as a result of smoking. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. Approximately 80% of adult smokers start smoking before the age of 18. Furthermore, approximately five million children presently living will die prematurely because of the decision to smoke cigarettes at adolescence."
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The Effects of Cigarette Smoking, 2000.
An overview of the effects of cigarette smoking.
1,505 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the short-term and long-term effects of cigarette smoking, including effects on children and the effects of second-hand smoke.
From the Paper
"There are many effects of cigarette smoking on the actual smoker. They include lung cancer and other cancers, cardiovascular malfunctions, strokes, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Cigarette smoking may even lead to changes in the smoker?s appearance such as early wrinkling and yellowing of their teeth."
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Cigarette Smoking in Canada, 2007.
An analysis of the reasons why Canadians begin smoking, continue smoking and quit smoking.
2,720 words (approx. 10.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on discussing the reasons why Canadians smoke. It examines why individuals begin smoking, continue their smoking trends and finally what motivates them to quit smoking. The paper discusses the sociological understanding of human motivation in an attempt to understand the above three factors with regard to cigarette smokers.
From the Paper
"Overall however, the outlook is bright for Canadian non-smoking campaigns. For the first time this last year, there are more ex-smokers than current smokers in Canadian society. Those who use to smoke have made the conscious decision to stop the cycle for their loved ones and children. Smoking begins with Canadian youth who are influenced by social media as well as adults and society to begin smoking and it perpetuates because of the social typecasting and overall clique nature of smokers. The herd mentality is the strongest impetus for all three stages of a smoker's cycle, because individuals associated smoking as a strongly social activity. However, as society moves away from smoking as a socially accepted medium, more and more youth will look to smoking less as anti-culture and more as irrelevant. As this process continues the next decade will see less and less smokers both take up and perpetuate this disgusting habit."
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Cigarette Smoking Health Effects in Men, 2002.
A look at this dangerous trend and its affect on men's health.
2,335 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The paper details about the cigarette smoking health effects in men. It shows how cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the United States and gives the facts and figure (data & tables), for proof. It also examines the effects on fertility in men and different diseases caused by smoking.
From the Paper
"Causing more than 400,000 deaths each year, tobacco usage is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Additionally, the direct medical costs amount more than $50 billion per year. More people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Nationally, more than 5 million years of potential life are lost each year as a result of smoking. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. Approximately 80% of adult smokers start smoking before the age of 18. Furthermore, approximately five million children presently living will die prematurely because of the decision to smoke cigarettes at adolescence."
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Demand and Supply in Relation to Cigarette Smoking., 2008.
An economic analysis surrounding the issues of habitual smoking.
830 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes issues connected to tobacco use in which the author has focused on microeconomic principles surrounding demand and supply. After analyzing the cigarette market and economic growth the paper creates a logical and coherent model that explores the issue of cigarette consumption. The author has included graphs and diagrams to support the discussion.
From the Paper
"The analysis below presents issue surrounding tobacco use. Everyday I see people smoking cigarettes, and sometimes wonder about using economic analysis to explain this habit. Some may argue that it's a social issue and as such its analysis should fall within the realm of other social sciences rather than economics. Nevertheless, after perusing the chapters of the text, I have been able to use the concept/tools from the economics text to analyze this issue. I have presented the findings below. The analysis focuses on microeconomic principles surrounding demand and supply, and focuses on smaller individual units, since tobacco use is best analyzed within that realm, rather than the broader aggregates that macroeconomics would explore (Miller 3).
"Economics refers to how best to use limited resources to satisfy unlimited once, and centers on the issue of scarcity. That is, because there are limited resources, individual have to make choices, by making choices, there are trade-offs, the cost of the next best alternative after a choice is made, is called the opportunity cost of that particular action (Miller 2)."
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Smoking in Public, 2006.
An examination of the effects of second-hand cigarette smoke.
1,076 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how second-hand smoke affects the health of other people and then discusses a new law in Germany that bans smoking in restaurants, schools, and other public buildings. The writer explains that these bans are based on the evidence showing that second-hand smoke can cause cancer and other health problems just as direct smoking can. The writer further discusses the long-term health risks for children exposed to second-hand smoke, leading to serious health consequences later in life. The writer concludes that we need to make smokers more aware of the dangers of second-hand smoke.
From the Paper
"A recent article in the New York Times addresses a new law in Germany that mirrors law being passed across the United States. Probably the most widely argued community health issue of the last three decades or so has been smoking, extending beyond the question of what happens to the body when someone smokes or how much smoking damages the health of the smoker and instead showing how the whole community may suffer for what a smoker does. Landler (2006) refers to an ongoing campaign in Europe against smoking in public places, a campaign mirrored in several American cities."
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Public Policy and Cigarette Labeling, 2004.
Uses John Kingdon?s model of public policy to trace the history of labeling the dangers of smoking on cigarette boxes.
2,183 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
When the dangers of smoking became public knowledge, the movement to have cigarettes labeled began. This paper traces the path that led to the creation of labels on cigarette packages through the study of John Kingdon?s model of public policy and shows that cigarette labeling is one of the most classic examples of Kingdon?s model in action. The paper shows that public pressure, the grass roots movements, and the window of opportunity all came together to make the government force tobacco companies to warn their own customers of the dangers in their product.
From the Paper
"When a group or an individual has the desire to garner government funds for a purpose they are in a race with many other groups or individuals who want the same thing for their cause. This creates a type of vacuum in which all of the ideas, and desires are jumbled together in one large area called lobbying. Lobbying is the path the group takes to gain both public and political support for their cause. Lobbying is done before the bill ever reaches voting stages and it is where most desires for government backing or funding die. For a group to be successful in their desire to get their concerns to the voting floor they must take advantage of the window that is created by things such as public awareness, litigation and other factors. When this window occurs, the iron is hot and it is the best time to strike according to the Kingdon model."
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Cancerous Agents, 2006.
This paper examines and illustrates carcinogenic components of cigarette smoking.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper is an incomplete presentation of a series of monographs for carcinogens. All carcinogens chosen were chosen based on being carcinogenic components of cigarette smoking. Two Group One carcinogens - Benzene and Radon were chosen, two group two carcinogens - formaldehyde and acrylonitrile were also chosen. Each were discussed in this paper based on chemical use, derivation (natural or synthetic), safety levels, results of acute exposure and results of cumulative exposure.
From the Paper
"The following monograms are all cancerous agents from Group 1, Group 2 and Group 2B carcinogens that result from tobacco smoke ("Tobacco smoke, 1999). Group 1 - Benzene, CAS# 71-43-2 Chemical uses. Benzene is used in many industries as a solvent and chemical additive, ranging from the rubber and oil industries to shoe manufacturers and chemical plants ("Benzene," 2006). Benzene is also a component of many consumer goods, primarily as a solvent, such as glues, art supplies of varying kinds, glues, paint strippers as well as various detergents and other cleaning supplies ("Benzene," 2006). How developed. Benzene is a colorless, highly flammable liquid formed from natural processes such as forest fires and volcanoes ("Benzene," 2006). For over 150 years, however, benzene has been produced commercially from coal and more recently petroleum."
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Role of Nurses in Smoking-Cessation Programs, 2002.
Examines the role of nurses in promoting in these programs to order to reduce the risk of lung-cancer patients.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
As cigarette-smoking has been directly related to lung cancer, so have smoking-cessation programs been linked to risk-reduction in incidents of lung cancer. The role of a practitioner in these programs is crucial and in long-term care situations, the role of the nurse in delivering these programs can be directly connected to decreases in patient-smoking and to decreases in the risks for incidents of lung cancer.
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Smoking Cessation, 2004.
A literature review of smoking cessation techniques.
3,558 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 58 sources, APA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. One out of every five deaths is related to cigarettes. Every year 444,000 people die from smoking related causes (CDC, 2004). As of 2004, the Center for Disease Control estimates that 22.5% of all adults, 46 million people, smoke cigarettes in the United States. This paper examines current research on smoking cessation interventions and how the author acknowledges that there is much more work that needs to be done to ensure that interventions are designed through a person-centered model. Person-centered therapy or interventions are not possible if the research is not generalizable across the entire population.
From the Paper
"Nicotine replacement therapy was introduced approximately twenty years ago. Today, nicotine replacement therapy is the most common type of smoking cessation pharmocotherapy treatment (Burton, Gitchell, & Shiffman, 2000). Nicotine replacement has been shown to be very useful in preventing short-term relapse. Nicotine replacement can be utilized in the form of gums and patches. These techniques deliver a controlled amount of nicotine into the blood stream over a certain period of time. Nicotine replacement procedures compensate for the physiological addiction to nicotine. Meta-analysis suggests that nicotine gum can increase the effectiveness of cessation interventions (Lam, 1987). However, a considerable part of its effectiveness seems to lie in its placebo value (Lichtenstein and Glasgow 1992). Utilizing 33 studies, Cepeda-Benito (1993) examined the effectiveness of nicotine replacement chewing gum verses a placebo treatment and a no-gum treatment control group."
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Adolescent Smoking, 2007.
This paper studies research conducted among adolescents and students regarding motives for smoking.
1,462 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the developmental period for today's adolescents can often be characterized by risky behavior. Today, teenagers will participate in smoking cigarettes, drinking, doing drugs, or having unsafe sex, all of which can carry negative consequences. The writer points out that nearly 80% of today's smokers began smoking before they were 18 years old. Further, the writer notes that smoking is the single largest preventable cause of premature deaths in the United States. With close to 5 million children, out of 70 million living today that will have premature deaths due to smoking, it is of utmost importance to determine their motives. The writer discusses what motivates adolescents to smoke despite the obvious negative health effects. The writer maintains that understanding reasons for smoking can help researchers understand just how much cigarettes impact participants' lives. The writer concludes that research can possibly prove that smoking is indeed addictive, helping end any myths about smoking once and for all.
Outline:
Smoking Beliefs
Smoking Studies - High school
Results - High school
Smoking Studies - College
Results - College
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 2006, the University of Illinois at Chicago conducted an important study on the effects of nicotine, both positive and negative, in young smokers ranging in age from 15 to 18 years old. The legal age in the United States to purchase and use tobacco products is 18. Because of this, all participants were required to have parental consent as well as their own consent to participate in the study. As with any study, there was a control group that consisted of 27 nonsmokers. In order to qualify as one of the 45 smokers, the participants must have smoked at least 4 weeks and have smoked a minimum of 1 cigarette a week, but no more than 5 cigarettes a day. Nonsmokers must never have smoked in their lives.
"To accurately assess the impacts of nicotine and their respective effects on participants, the study used cigarettes of varying amounts of nicotine: a high-yield cigarette or a denicotinized cigarette."
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Smoking in Public, 1995.
This paper discusses the ramifications of smoking cigarettes in public places: Dangers of secondhand smoke, history, health effects, deaths, counter-arguments, tobacco industry views, lawsuits, regulation and legal ban.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the ramifications of smoking cigarettes in public places. The thesis of-this paper is that smoking tobacco in public places is detrimental to everyone's health. This paper will point out how secondhand, or passive, smoke is dangerous and adversely affects people's health. This paper will also discuss the hazards smoke from cigarettes poses to nonsmokers. The discussion will be divided into the following five parts: the first part will introduce the paper's thesis; the second part will present the arguments against smoking and secondhand smoke; the third part will refute the arguments against smoking; the fourth part will present responses to the arguments against smoking; and the conclusion will take the ... "
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Dangers of Smoking, 1992.
A look at nicotine dependence, statistics, cancer, anti-smoking efforts and legislation and secondary smoke.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"Since at least 1964 the public has known that cigarette smoking posed a health threat. Over the last three decades the body of research and evidence has become stronger and stronger with the results being new laws, regulations, and changes in public attitudes regarding smoking. However, this has not stopped the advertising and promotion of the product to the young and impressionable as well as to the growing markets overseas. The purpose of this paper will be to research and assess the consequences of smoking from both a biological and environmental standpoint and apply these consequences to the average smoker who lights up indoors with little or no fresh air or circulation.
Millions of adults and nearly one-forth of all teenagers over the age of sixteen are dependent upon nicotine, an addictive component found in tobacco (Avraham, 1990, p. 23). The majority..."
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Public Administrators and Smoking, 1995.
A research proposal to determine administrators' perceptions of smoking, anti-smoking and regulation efforts and the significance of the administrator's own smoking.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 8 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Statement of the Problem
The proposed research will consist of a descriptive study of the perceptions of public administrators regarding the regulation of cigarette smoking. Not only will public administrators' perceptions be collected, discussed, and interpreted, they will also be examined to determine whether they significantly differ as a function of differences in administrators ages, gender, yearly income, marital status and religion. Further, perceptions will be examined for differences depending upon whether or not the administrator is a smoker.
Problem Background
As noted by Mathre (1994), nicotine (the active ingredient in the tobacco plant) is one of the most toxic and most addictive drugs known to man. Regarding its toxicity, Mathre states that ..."
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