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Cigarette Advertisements and Women, 2004.
This research deals with cigarette advertisements aimed at women.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 13 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this study, the writer examines cigarette advertisements that are aimed at women. The writer argues that the advertisements represent harmful speech and should not have First Amendment protection. The writer looks at the move in the 1990's against cigarette advertising and discusses consumer needs rather than the needs of big business.
From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the proposition that cigarette advertisements aimed towards women are in violation of the First Amendment. The plan of the research will be to show that the ads represent an instance of harmful speech and that as such, they are in direct violation of the First Amendment guarantee to be protected from such speech."
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Cigarette Ad Analysis, 2004.
An analysis of an advertisement for Virginia Slims ?Kings? version cigarettes.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analytical assessment of a cigarette advertisement that appeared in a magazine. The paper claims that the advertisement seems to make a strange variety of false and even absurd claims for the cigarettes, based purely on the non-related advertising imagery. The paper contends that the images and the messages portrayed by the juxtaposition between these images and stories and the product being sold make silent arguments of their own, which are particularly fallacious and at the same time oddly amusing.
From the Paper
"This connection between the power which enabled Hatshepsut to take the throne and the power of addiction which links women to their cigarettes could also be construed as something of a false analogy. This ad appeals to penis envy, in a a very Freudian sense, falsely suggesting that the phallus of a cigarette can replace the phallus of a penis which women may wish they have. To understand how obvious this phallus imagery is, one needs only follow the obvious links -- the mention of women needing to know their place and that this place is to become (a male gendered) king by taking on a new length to be enjoyed."
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Women's Image in Advertisements, 2007.
This paper is an analysis of the portrayal of women's image in magazine advertisements in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), as based on a content analysis of the literature and on a convenience sample survey of 50 female students.
17,435 words (approx. 69.7 pages), 34 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper states that the the main purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of women's image in advertisements' contents as depicted in the most widely circulated Arab women magazines in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to identify the effect of such contents in formulating the societal image of women. The study also examines how women feel about the presented image of women in advertising. The author points out that, in the UAE, women not only are gaining ground in workforce participation but also are filling positions once held primarily by men; however, this is not always reflected in ads. The paper indicates that the majority of female students felt that the relationship between the woman's image in published advertisements and society's view towards her is a highly positive one. The paper includes the data generated by the survey and several figures, tables and quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Introduction
Need for the Study
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Procedures
Research Hypotheses
Review of Literature
Background and Overview
United Arab Emirates Today
The Impact of Advertisement
The Importance of the Visual Image in Advertisements
The Women's Image in the Visual Advertisements
Depiction of Women in Magazine Advertisements
Methodology
Sample
Instrumentation
Data Collection Procedures
Results
Data Analysis
Discussion and Conclusion
Discussion of Results
Recommendations
Questionnaire
From the Paper
"Arab information media have by and large been established on a weak economic base throughout the Middle East. For example, Arab newspapers were introduced when national incomes and populations were small, and the literacy rates were low; as a result, both advertising revenues and mass-circulation sales (the two primary sources of commercial newspaper income elsewhere), were restricted. Even after World War II, as the Arab economies enjoyed a new level of prosperity, advertising remained sufficiently insignificant to most Arab businessmen, and did not appear to represent a viable avenue of revenue-generation in the modest-circulation press, to enable newspaper publishers to generate many advertisements in the first place."
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Cigarette Smoking and Cancer, 2007.
This paper discusses the relationship between cigarette smoking and cancer.
703 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the extent to which cigarette smoking is responsible for cancer and the types of cancers caused by smoking. The paper examines the main cancer-causing ingredients in cigarette smoke and explains how they cause cancer.
Outline:
Abstract
How Far is Cigarette Smoking Responsible for Causing Cancer
Types of Cancer Caused by Cigarette Smoking
Cancer-causing Ingredients in Cigarette Smoke
The Cancer-Causing Mechanism
From the Paper
"A major WHO Cancer Report in 2003 identifies tobacco consumption as "the most important avoidable cancer risk" worldwide ("Global Cancer Rates" 2003). According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute , "cigarette smoking alone is directly responsible for approximately 30 percent of all cancer deaths annually in the United States" ("Cigarette Smoking and Cancer," 2004). Since active smoking is a purely voluntary act, these statistics make cigarette smoking the single most preventable cause of death in the United States. Statistics on Cancer in other developed countries are no different with approximately a third of all cancer deaths in the UK being attributable to smoking in the year 2000 ("Fact sheet No. 4" 2005). Although the rising smoking trend in the developed world, including the United States, has reversed in recent decades due to increased awareness about the harmful effects of smoking, it is increasing in the developing world by 3.4% per year ("Tobacco and the Developing World," 2007). "
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The Pragmatic Aspect of Advertisements, 2007.
Compares the differences between the language of advertisements in newspapers in the United States and newspapers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
5,221 words (approx. 20.9 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 130.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the differences between the language used in advertisements in the United States and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It uses examples of English-language advertisements in both countries. It compares the same type of advertisements to determine what has changed in the use of language in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia print advertisements in mainstream newspapers in recent years. The paper then selects and analyzes advertisement content found in two representative newspapers in each country.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1: Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Study
Purpose of Study
Importance of Study
Rationale of Study
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
Background and Overview
Print Media in the U.S. and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Current Trends and Influences
Pragmatics and Content Analyses of Print Material
Research Questions
Chapter 3: Methodology
Theoretical Framework
Limitations of the Study
From the Paper
"Therefore, the importance assigned to pragmatic meaning of various textual elements does not end the primacy of their semantic meaning (Cook, 1992). Nevertheless, words have a wide range of influential factors involved for their user besides their denotation, which supposedly persists across different contexts, and its pragmatic function, which supposedly varies systematically across contexts. In this regard, Cook adds that, "These aspects of a word are so many and so vast that knowledge of them will vary considerably from user to user" (1992, p. 99). Consequently, all readers will bring some unique qualities to the interpretation of newspaper advertisements that will likely affect their decision whether to purchase a given product or service, but content analysis remains a subjective realm that requires the careful selection of relevant themes and how the results are interpreted to ensure that these factors are taken into account."
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Advertisements for The Times, 2007.
An analysis of how the content and style of advertisements change with the times.
806 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which advertisements represent the culture of the times. It looks at advertisements from as far back as the 18th century and compares their style and content to the types of advertisements that are found in modern times. The paper discusses, briefly, how over time, it was no longer the product, but the advertisement of the product that was selling the item and it gives some examples to illustrate this.
From the Paper
"Some of the first advertisements that ran in the United States were, not surprisingly, for lost slaves. During the 18th century thousands of slaves escaped from their masters in the Southern colonies as seen by the huge number of advertisements in the newspapers. The amount of runaways was not large enough to harm the foundation of slavery. Slave owners took safety measures to prevent the problem from growing too large. In the Southern colonies, for example, an elaborate network of laws was established for the prevention, apprehension and punishment of these slaves. These laws developed concerned a number of different areas concerning fugitives. They were not completely effective, however, as proven by the number of slaves advertised as fugitives."
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What Do These Two Advertisements Mean?, 2006.
A comparison between two seemingly different advertisements that actually have a fair amount in common.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper compares two advertisements, those for (Item A) VO5 brand Power! Control Styling Gel and (Item B) the fragrance Goddess by Kimora Lee Simmons. This paper compares these particular advertisements due to their target audience, stereotypes portrayed, modern popular culture, traditional culture and the desires and beliefs of Western culture. This paper argues that, despite superficial similarities in the advertisements, closer examination reveals considerable differences between the two particularly in terms of appeal and target audience.
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Children's Advertisements, 2002.
A look at the psychology of children's advertisements through an advert for J.C. Penney.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is on a children's advertisement from J.C. Penney. Advertisements are often geared to draw the interests of the "child" in the adult. Boys are often used more than girls in advertisements.
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Public Policy and Cigarette Labeling, 2004.
Uses John Kingdon?s model of public policy to trace the history of labeling the dangers of smoking on cigarette boxes.
2,183 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
When the dangers of smoking became public knowledge, the movement to have cigarettes labeled began. This paper traces the path that led to the creation of labels on cigarette packages through the study of John Kingdon?s model of public policy and shows that cigarette labeling is one of the most classic examples of Kingdon?s model in action. The paper shows that public pressure, the grass roots movements, and the window of opportunity all came together to make the government force tobacco companies to warn their own customers of the dangers in their product.
From the Paper
"When a group or an individual has the desire to garner government funds for a purpose they are in a race with many other groups or individuals who want the same thing for their cause. This creates a type of vacuum in which all of the ideas, and desires are jumbled together in one large area called lobbying. Lobbying is the path the group takes to gain both public and political support for their cause. Lobbying is done before the bill ever reaches voting stages and it is where most desires for government backing or funding die. For a group to be successful in their desire to get their concerns to the voting floor they must take advantage of the window that is created by things such as public awareness, litigation and other factors. When this window occurs, the iron is hot and it is the best time to strike according to the Kingdon model."
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Advertisements Analyzed, 2002.
Addresses three advertisements in terms of effective marketing strategies.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a detailed description of three hard- copy advertisements and a justification of which of these ads is the "best" ad. While this paper is an evaluative argument and therefore does not require additional support from outside sources, the writer is asked to justify which of the three advertisements is considered the most effective ad in terms of capturing the attention of the consumer and effectively directing this attention towards the product. Various additional factors, such as the purpose of the product and the relevance of the advertisement, are also of note.
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Cigarette Addiction, 2002.
A paper which argues that cigarette addiction is not only due to the chemical nicotine in the products.
658 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
The paper shows that cigarettes are perhaps the most dangerous and addictive legal stimulant available on the market today. Experts say that smoking cigarettes becomes addictive because of the carefully manipulated levels of the chemical nicotine that tobacco companies put into their products. The paper argues, however, that cigarettes are addictive for more than this one reason. It explains that people become physically hooked on cigarettes because of nicotine, but then become psychologically addicted due to pure habit, the actions associated with smoking, and social reasons.
From the Paper
"The actions related with smoking a cigarette also play a part in addiction. First, there is the initial ?packing? of the cigarettes when a new pack is bought. One must hit the pack several times on their hand to get the tobacco as ?packed? as possible and get a stronger hit of nicotine. After that, some people turn one cigarette upside down and smoke that one last for good luck. Next there is lighting up, which causes great excitement because the smoker knows they will be getting their five minute fix. Next is the burning sensation that smokers feel in their throat. Though, it may hurt a bit it is also pleasurable because it goes along with the whole cigarette experience."
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Cigarette Marketing, 2004.
Examines the political and legal environment for cigarette marketing in the U.S. and other world markets.
1,232 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
As society has become more health savvy, the cigarette industry has had to confront new and potentially devastating challenges to its business. The legal, political, and other challenges it faces occur both in the United States and abroad. This paper covers issues such as ethics, advertising, health organizations, and restrictions. It examines the innovative ways that cigarette companies have developed to market their products, despite the growing opposition and restrictions.
From the Paper
"In Eastern Europe, cigarette manufacturers occasionally openly defy restrictions, spotting the weakness of the local laws in countries such as Hungary. In addition, cigarette manufacturers have also used philanthropic efforts as marketing ploys. Donating money and materials to a variety of causes from hospitals and schools to senior centers and homeless shelters, the cigarette manufacturers have found a potent branding opportunity in generosity."
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Advertisements in Political Campaigns, 2005.
A look at how advertisements can have national and even international ramifications when they are used to affect the outcomes of political campaigns.
1,509 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the effect that advertisements can have on the outcome of political campaigns and elections and how that influence can have national and international repercussions, especially when the advertisement campaigns present incomplete facts or misrepresent the truth.
From the Paper
"Good ads have a dramatic effect on viewers as they address psychological factors like emotions rather than rational ones and, therefore, their use in political campaigns should be limited. In addition, ads are formed to inform the public about the merits of purchasing a certain product or supporting a certain issue or a political candidate. They should positively inform the viewers of the truth by relying and sticking to the facts. However, according to Robert H. Wozniak in "Walter Dill Scott: the Psychology of Advertising," creating ads that are built around the facts and which talk to the viewers ' rationality, is not really valid advertising. This is because "advertising has as its one function the influencing of the human mind...As it is the human mind that advertising is dealing with, its only scientific basis is psychology" (Scott qtd. in Woznaik). He meant that ads have a direct influence on viewers as they communicate with the human brain directly as a bullet and ads affect the people psychologically not rationally. Ads tell people what they want them to be informed with or even what they don't want to hear but in a way that they can identify with. Accordingly, as Wozniak explains, ads are hurt because the human attention span is short. This is an essential observation regarding the nature of ads because it means that their length does not allow for the publishing of all the truth regarding a product or an issue. Instead, an ad will select facts and leave claims unexplained. The second vital feature regarding successful ads made by Wozniak is that they play on the viewers' emotions."
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Advertisements of the 1920s and 1970s, 2002.
This paper states that by studying the advertisements of a particular era you can understand the mentality of the people along with the social, economic and political climate. Advertising of the 1920s and 1970s are analyzed.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper describes that the dramatic differences between the colorful, lush print ads of the 1920s and the more stark, real-life ads of the 1970s are based on the differences in the socio-economic climate of the times and the advancement of women?s rights. The author adds that, in the 1970s, the power of advertising was circumscribed by the new regulatory apparatus of the Federal Trade Commission and the National Advertising Review Board. The author believes that exploitation of the beauty of women is evident in all the advertisements of both eras.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Descriptions/Comparisons/Contrasts
Historical Influences
Insights
Projection
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The dramatic change in the role of women is captured in these print ads. Instead of being sweet, submissive and dependent on men, the women of the ?70s appear to be strong and independent. The lady in the Hanes pantyhose displays her pantyhose prominently with a manipulative smile on her face. In fact, the male counterpart is cut off from the rest of the ad, leaving her as the undisputed "star" of this ad. The lady in the Berlinetta ad sports a fashionable mannish suit and strikes a playful and "in-control" pose, demonstrating the qualities of the woman in the 70s ."
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Cigarette Smoking Health Effects in Men, 2001.
An examination of the impacts of cigarette smoking on health with focus on men smokers.
2,330 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death. Men who smoke are most at risk of death from lung cancer. The author argues that smokers are in great danger of dangerous health effects from smoking and discusses the various impacts caused by smoking.
From the Paper
'Causing more than 400,000 deaths each year, tobacco usage is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. Additionally, the direct medical costs amount more than $50 billion per year. More people are harmed and killed by smoking every year than they die of alcohol, drug abuse, AIDS, murders, car crashes, fires, and suicides. Nationally, more than 5 million years of potential life are lost each year as a result of smoking. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. Approximately 80% of adult smokers start smoking before the age of 18. Furthermore, approximately five million children presently living will die prematurely because of the decision to smoke cigarettes at adolescence."
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