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The CIA and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1992.
A look at the various arguments concerning the exact nature of the Cuban missile crisis and how close the world came to nuclear war including the argument that states that the CIA was deeply involved in these events and perhaps even contributed to the cri
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The end of the Cold War came with the tearing down of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet Union. This was an occasion for some rejoicing in the West as well as some reflection about what it might mean. It was also a time for recollection and reassessment of the different problems encountered over the forty year period of the Cold War, and one of the events that occupied much of this reassessment was the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, which many see as the closest the world came to open conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union, and perhaps the closest the world came to nuclear war. The period was one of considerable tension, and the United States was at the time still awash in fear of possible nuclear attack, seen in the number of people building fall-out shelters in their basements or backyards."
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The CIA and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2008.
The paper explores the role of American intelligence in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,894 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the CIA's failings in investigating the build-up of Soviet missiles in Cuba and President John F. Kennedy's skepticism towards anything coming from the CIA. The paper explains how the intelligence community's failure at the Bay of Pigs made Kennedy less than receptive to any information he received from them. The paper concludes that had Kennedy been more receptive, the Cuban Missile Crisis could have been headed off months earlier.
From the Paper
"In an article that was published less than three years after the Cuban Missile Crisis of October, 1962, Roberta Wohlstetter comments at length upon the role that intelligence played in the international incident. Specifically, she floats the idea that the U.S. intelligence establishment knew about the missiles long before they chose to act on them. For example, she mentions U.S. Senator Kenneth Barnard Keating and how he asserted in August of 1962 that he had reliable evidence of "cylindrical objects" being transported by flatbed in Cuba, as well as evidence of Soviet motor convoys. Still, despite Senator Keating's public proclamations, the dramatic (and conspicuous) arms build-up in the fall of 1962 seemed to catch U.S. leaders - both military and civilian - by surprise when it became evident that some sort of decisive action was needed."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
A look at the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis from a Soviet perspective.
3,833 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Soviet Union's role in the Cuban Missile Crisis between America and Cuba in 1962. The writer explores the crisis from the Soviet Union's perspective using documents from the Soviet Union archives and puts together a historical account from their view. The paper shows that the Cold War was triggered by the crisis and the eventual dismantling of the former Soviet Union was a result of the Cold War, therefore the Cuban missile crisis, while it scared the world for 14 days, set the stage for today's friendly relations between the U.S. and the former Soviet Union.
From the Paper
"The Soviet Union placed the missiles in Cuba as a strategic military and political statement to the world about the actions of America. According to recently released documents pertaining to the crisis the idea came to then Soviet Union leader, Nikita Khrushchev, to use as a counter message to the US. He felt the United States had been flexing its muscles and some of the more recent decisions and actions by the states had countered what the Soviet Union had been led to believe(COLD WAR: CUBAN MISSILE CRISIShttp://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/colc.html). The crux of the disagreement was nestled in he direct actions of the United States. The problem as realized in retrospect was that the Soviet Union used deceit and lies to accomplish its point instead of holding discussions with the US powers about its concerns."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis: The Unsung Leadership of Khrushchev, 2008.
An in-depth argumentitive report on the Cuban Missile Crisis and its implications as a result of the interactions between Kruschev and JFK.
1,379 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of the challenges that arose between Kruschev and Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis and the result of their actions and decisions.The paper endeavours to portray Kruschev as the person responsible for easing tensions in the area and not being responsible for causing the Cuban missile crisis and further shows that, in fact, as a result of Kennedy's actions in the area, Kruschev had no option but to assist Cuba as he did. The paper appends relevant source material.
From the Paper
"Those who want to rescue Khrushchev's reputation from the dustbin of history frequently note that the Soviet Premier was every bit as responsible in his thinking as was Kennedy during the height of the crisis and, in many respects, even before it began. For instance, whatever his failings, it was not Khrushchev who stepped up surreptitious assaults against Castro, launched the ill-fated Bay of Pigs invasion - those were all things initiated by the Kennedy Administration. Further, the aggressive American build-up under Kennedy was understandably worrisome for the Soviet Leader, who had to watch this unfold fully cognizant of the fact that NATO had missiles pointed at the heart of the Soviet Union from nearby Turkey (Meyer, 113). Seen in that light, Khrushchev's secretive military support of Castro during the summer and fall of 1962 was entirely understandable - even if he erred in deploying missiles by stealth to the tiny island. More significantly, Kennedy's clandestine and not-so-clandestine efforts to unseat Castro surely raised tensions between the Soviet Union and America inasmuch as the US President had to have known on some level that the Soviets would feel compelled to protect the embattled Cuban leader from US efforts to kill him. All in all, the blame for the escalation of the crisis prior to mid-October of 1962 cannot solely, maybe not even mostly, laid at the feet of Nikita Khrushchev."
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Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
The role of President Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis.
1,752 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the Cuban missile crisis and how then President John F. Kennedy dealt with the issue. The writer believes that the 1962 Cuban missile crisis established JFK as a heroic and able president who was the first and only president to challenge the Soviets directly. The paper offers a brief background on the lead-up to the event and America's involvement in the near nuclear disaster. The paper includes a section on the memory of this event in American psyche today, evident through the many plays, movies and stories which can be seen throughout the U.S.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis teaches much about the nature of international relations during the Cold War and about such relations at any time between adversaries. It affirms the characteristics of the American political system that have helped the country succeed for two centuries in the face of considerable international opposition and numerous crises. Kennedy represented a change in the presidency, a youthful man rather than an older political leader, and his vibrancy affected the nation and made people ready to do more than they might otherwise have wanted to do."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2008.
An analysis of the events leading up to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the crisis itself and the way that President Kennedy handled the issue.
1,785 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Cuban Missile Crisis and President Kennedy's handling of this confrontation with the Soviet Union. First, the paper briefly examines the global events and Cold War conditions that precipitated the missile crisis. The paper then discusses the tensions between Moscow and Washington and why they had increased throughout the decade of the 1950s after the Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, then its first hydrogen bomb and brutally invaded Hungary in 1956.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, President John F. Kennedy's ability to balance issues of national interest against the imminent threat of global nuclear war was the most important aspect of his leadership during the Cuban Missile Crisis in late October of 1962. Ironically, it was disagreement among Kennedy's advisors that ultimately produced a tough but measured response that compelled Khrushchev to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba and thus avoid an American invasion and likely escalation into nuclear war.
"By the narrowest of margins, World War III had been avoided. Despite the ill-considered decision of Premier Khrushchev to antagonize the United States by deploying nuclear missiles in Cuba certain to be discovered, and President Kennedy's ill-considered decision to authorize the Bay of Pigs invasion the preceding year, which antagonized Khrushchev into deploying those nuclear missiles to Cuba, both leaders managed to restrain their hawkish advisors and generals, and found a way to resolve the crisis through back-channel diplomacy and covert compromise."
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Cuban Missile Crisis, 2004.
An analysis of the significance of American and Soviet intelligence in the Cuban Missile Crisis.
3,506 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the thirteen days between the discovery of the missile sites and the final conclusion of the crisis known as the Cuban Missile Crisis. Specifically, the paper looks at what the Americans and Russians knew in the lead-up to event and shows how the CIA and KGB definitely had information prior to the actual start of the conflict. The paper explores the historical significance of Russia's involvement in Cuba and the rise of Fidel Castro to power there. The paper also explains the economic and political consequences of the event.
From the Paper
"In 1945 American had demonstrated the unparalleled destructive powers of their nuclear weapons, and subsequently taken unconditional control of the Japanese nation and its culture. This was done during war-time, of course. It followed an unprovoked attack against America itself, was necessary to stop countless casualties, and may have been entirely justified. The justification of that act is somewhat irrelevant to its psychological impact on both sides of the cold war, however. America learned the lesson that atomic bombs gave them unlimited bargaining power. The Soviet Union learned that America was willing to use that power to wipe out entire nations. In 1958 the USA had threatened China with nuclear weapons in regards to a dispute over Taiwan. From 1959 to 1961 it threatened nuclear strikes whenever the Soviets agitated for control of the divided Berlin. America had proven at least rhetorically willing to use nuclear strikes for political rather than merely defensive purposes."
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Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2001.
This essay discusses the policies of President Kennedy and his administration during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,095 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 2 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the possibility that President Kennedy had advanced knowledge of Soviet intentions to place missiles in Cuba, but did not or could not prevent it, and instead used the peaceful settlement of the crisis as a means of moving toward detente.
From the Paper:
"The Cuban Missile Crisis was precipitated by Soviet desires to overcome the strategic superiority that the United States had developed in order to continue an aggressive global foreign policy. President Kennedy then allowed the crisis to develop so that it could be used as a stepping stone toward detente and the new world order."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2006.
This paper discusses the question of how close to war were the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1961 Cuban missile crisis.
1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, considering the information now available, it seems unlikely the Soviets would have attacked the United States over the Cuban missile crisis. The author states that it actually appears the United States was the aggressor: The missiles were placed in Cuba by the Soviet Union as deterrents in response to a real threat from the United States because the United States had been planning on attacking Cuba for years, going back to the Eisenhower administration. The paper concludes that the weapons did ensure a peace because (1) the United States government agreed not to invade Cuba if the Soviet Union agreed to remove the missiles from Cuban soil, which they did, and (2) the United States agreed to remove missiles from Turkey. Several long quotes.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis is one of the defining moments in twentieth century United States history. The Cold War was at its apex. The Cubans asked the Soviet Union to protect them against an American attack. In 1961, the United States sent troops into Cuba in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro. The attack failed and later became known as the Bay of Pigs fiasco. In 1962, Kruschev sent missiles into Cuba in order to deter an American attack. We were at the brink of World War III, both sides used verbal threats, and War was only averted when the Soviet Union removed the missiles in return for an American promise to not invade the island."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2002.
A study of the events surrounding the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
720 words (approx. 2.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 25.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 which is widely regarded as the most dangerous moment of the Cold War. The paper shows that the successful resolution of the crisis led to an immediate improvement in relationship between the superpowers, and focused the world's attention on the issues surrounding nuclear capability and deterrence, as well as led to the development of a new method of 'crisis management' known as brinkmanship - a diplomatic theory, which involves using the threat of war in order to coerce an opponent into backing down.
From the Paper
"In a wider sense, however, the overriding legacy of the crisis was to alert the world to the ever-present, and immediate, threat of nuclear war. This realization led the superpowers, and other nations, to reevaluate their policies of nuclear deterrence in the hope of learning how to avoid such a potentially disastrous situation happening again. The significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis is perhaps best highlighted in the words of President Kennedy's national security advisor, McGeorge Bundy, who declared that, "having come so close to the edge we must make it our business not to pass this way again" (462)".
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2004.
An overview of the causes and impact of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Cuban Missile Crisis holds a pivotal position in the history of United States and also played a crucial role in establishing its reputation as a military and nuclear giant. It explores the events leading up to the crisis, the threat of Communism, and the race to become the world's nuclear superpower. It also looks at how it can be viewed as a personal triumph of President John F Kennedy, who resolved this potentially explosive standoff in thirteen days and won the hearts and admiration of millions around the world.
From the Paper
"The Cuban missile dispute came to the limelight when after receiving confirmed secret information from intelligence agencies, President John F Kennedy announced on Oct 22. 1962 that Soviet Union was establishing missile bases in Cuba, a small island just 90 miles off the coast of Florida. For United States, this was certainly an extremely precarious situation to be in because USSR was deliberately taking these measures to prove their nuclear strength to the world and specifically to the US. It is important to understand the background of this crisis because no major political or military dispute is without its fair share of deeper causes."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2003.
This paper examines the various international policies that arose after the Cuban Missile Crisis.
1,248 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the political build-up to the Cuban Missile Crisis and discusses how, even though this event lasted only 13 days, it had long-term ramifications. The writer discusses how the crisis reformed the relationships between the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the United States.
From the Paper
"The events of October 1962 have been recognized internationally under three different terms: "Cuban Missile Crisis" by the United States (U.S.); "Caribbean Crisis" by the former Soviet Union; and "Crisis of October" by Cuba. The entire incident, which lasted thirteen days, was the culmination of a series of American and Soviet actions. In this era the United States and the Soviet Union were the worlds leading powers, each with unique global interests. In the early 1960's the United States lead the international community in developing and deploying strategic missiles; basing them in countries such as Turkey which is less than 240 kilometers from Soviet borders. As a means of countering the U.S. measures, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev placed intermediate-range nuclear missiles in Cuba, which once operational would have the ability to produce a nuclear attack on the U.S. These actions were also a means of protecting Cuba from any United States invasions, such as the failed attempt of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 (Sorenson). On October 16, 1962 the United States government learned of the installations in Cuba and their potential to be operational within days. Regardless of the Soviet Unions denial of their existence the news sparked intense policy debate among the U.S. government. The next thirteen days saw the use of diplomatic and military efforts from both sides in an attempt to resolve the conflict."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis, 2006.
A day-by-day history and analysis of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
4,488 words (approx. 18.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 117.95
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Abstract
This paper traces the developments of the Cuban Missile Crisis, detailing the behind-the-scenes diplomacy, maneuvering and leadership of both U.S. President John F. Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev. The paper describes the danger posed to the world by the crisis and the courage displayed by these two world leaders in averting what would have been an all-out nuclear war.
From the Paper
"Due to the placement of U.S. tactical nuclear weapons around the borders of the Soviet Union, and the range-superior U.S. nuclear arsenal, the Soviets wanted to improve their tactical situation. Soviet Premier, Nikita Khrushchev, saw the need for a soviet missile base within close proximity to the United States. He believed that the U.S.S.R needed such a base to gain leverage over the United States (Wiersma & Larson, 1997, 3). At the same time, Cuba hoped to gain some way to defend their nation from an attack from the United States. They feared such an attack ever since the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. In July of 1962, Fidel Castro, the dictator of Cuba, sent his brother to Moscow in an unexplained visit. Soon afterwards the Soviets began to ship military supplies to Cuba (Abel, 1968, 16). By combining efforts, the Soviets were able to gain leverage through the installation of nuclear weapons, and the Cubans were able to defend their island with the Soviet military supplies. Initially, the United States had no idea that the Soviets were building up such a military presence in Cuba, but when they found out, they were driven almost to a panic. The leaders of the U.S. were forced to decide whether to attack or talk with the Soviets and Cuba."
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The Cuban Missile Crisis and Flexible Response, 2004.
This paper shows how the Cuban Missile Crisis validated President Kennedy's strategy of flexible response.
2,016 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
The paper describes John F. Kennedy's strategy of flexible response as the means of settling disputes with the least amount of force required and with the goal of nuclear detente. The paper discusses the Cuban Missile Crisis, which was one of the most dangerous confrontations of the Cold war. The paper shows how the peaceful resolution to this crisis confirmed the validity of Kennedy's strategy of flexible response.
From the Paper
"John F. Kennedy's strategy of "flexible response" is best described as the means of settling disputes with the least amount of force required, and with the goal of nuclear detente. It also requires that the United States have a large military backing so as to impose the detente and a settlement when it is not willingly accepted. The theory of flexible response is very broad and was created as opposition to states that create nuclear threats. The use of flexible response is very well utilised in the Cuban Missile Crisis as it avoids nuclear war and creates a peaceful resolution. "
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President Kennedy and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2004.
This paper offers an analysis of John F. Kennedy's decision-making during the Cuban missile crisis.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer examines President John F. Kennedy's decision-making during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. The writer provides a background of the crisis. In the article, the writer discusses dealings between Kennedy and Soviet leader, Khrushchev. The writer also covers the outcome of the crisis.
From the Paper
"The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in October when the Soviet Union under the leadership of Premier Nikita Khrushchev began placing offensive ballistic missiles in Cuba, just miles off the U. S. coast. Traditionally, historians have contended that Khrushchev began placing the missiles in Cuba from a position of strength, intended to defy a weak foe, President John F. Kennedy. They emphasized the apparent resolve Kennedy showed in dealing with Khrushchev, essentially portraying Kennedy as a man who finally became presidential during ... "
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