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Christian Conversion in Mexico and Brazil, 2007. A description of the Spanish and Portuguese attempts to convert native peoples to Christianity during their conquests of Brazil and Mexico. 2,274 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines the impact of Spanish and Portuguese colonization on Mesoamerican culture, with an emphasis on conversion of indigenous peoples to Christianity. The author describes the native religion and lifestyle prior to the Europeans' arrival, and the subsequent results of conversion to Christianity, both positive and negative. Also described is the treatment toward the native peoples by the Europeans. The paper is divided into two sections, one describing the Spanish invasion and the other the Portuguese conquest of Brazil. The author concludes that the effort by Portuguese Christians to convert native Brazilians - by force or otherwise - to Christianity was far less successful than tactics used by Spaniards in Mexico.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
The arrival of the Spaniards into Mesoamerican Mexico
Things did not go well for the Spaniards in 1680s and 1690s
Jesuit priest Father Tomas Miranda raged at the cruel treatment of the Seri
Portugal and the Colonization of Brazil
Works Cited
From the Paper "And because the Roman Catholic leadership in Spain saw the natives as part of a prophecy, a gift from Lord to enrich their Spanish culture, the Franciscan missionaries, the first priests in Mexico, used "indoctrination" as a term rather than "evangelization." The Spaniards reportedly believed that since God had placed these Native Americans on Mexican soil for the enhancement of Spanish culture and religion, that the natives merely needed the facts of Christianity (Roman Catholicism), not the full litany of evangelization. The Spaniards were wrong, of course, and they found themselves in the midst of a myriad of troubling situations they could not possibly have predicted."
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Land Reform In Brazil & Mexico, 1996. Need for, evolution, socioeconomics, role of govt., extractive reserves, resistance to, threat of revolution. 2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 14 sources, $ 87.95 »
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From the Paper "Land reform is one of the most complex and divisive issues confronting Latin American societies. Efforts to attain real land reform in Latin American countries generally have produced limited success at best. No single approach to land reform is likely to work in all Latin American countries. Further, the rightward drift of economics and politics throughout Latin America makes it likely that effective land reform efforts in the region will become even more difficult to attain (Barraclough 16).
This research reviews the land reform issue in two Latin American countries?Brazil and Mexico. Brazil and Mexico are the two most populous countries in Latin America, as well as being countries with..."
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Scriptural Understanding of Mission and Conversion, 2008. An in depth study and explanation on mission and conversion and its effect on the Indian Community. 13,982 words (approx. 55.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 249.95 »
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Abstract The paper is an extensive essay on Christian mission and is addressed in two sections. Firstly the Biblical commentary and the church's interpretation explaining that Christian mission is conversion. The second section attends to scriptural outlooks on conversion. The paper continues and explains how the terms "mission" and "conversion" are interpreted by various commentators and finally looks at how this is all applicable to the Indian community.
Outline:
Introduction
Understanding of mission
Scriptural perspective on conversion
Mission and conversion
Its implications for the church today
Conclusion
From the Paper "In this chapter I would like to give some idea and concept of mission as understood by Christians. The Christian mission is rooted in the Holy Scriptures. They and only they alone are able to make man 'wise and able to instruct you for salvation" (2 Tim 3:15). From them Christians derive their message, their mandate, their motivation, and their methodology. Apart from the word of God the missionary movement has neither meaning nor sanction. According to the 'new theology' man is not eternally lost, because God is a loving Father. His all conquering love and his irresistible grace will finally win the last day, and till men will be saved. Indeed, they are already saved by the virtue of Jesus' death on the cross. The task of Today's missionary, then is simply to inform the non-Christians that, without their knowledge or consent, all men are 'in Christ', and as such are part of the new humanity of which he is the head."
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Stages of Conversion in Augustine's Confessions, 2002. An examination of the life of Augustine and his process of conversion to Christianity. 1,120 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 38.95 »
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Abstract Tracing the life of Augustine, this paper aims to identify the stages of conversion as noted by Augustine himself in his Confessions. The writer examines reasons for his conversion and the historical significance of the conversion itself.
From the Paper "Fourth century Rome was a time of many changes. Writers and common society alike pointed out many of the problems within the framework of the Empire. Although many writers, such as Aristides, were quick to point out the virtues of Rome, there were definite undercurrents of uneasiness throughout the empire. Many citizens, fearing the growing climate of immorality and desiring deeper spirituality, turned to a new power: Christianity. There is no work which tells better the allure of Christianity than St. Augustine's Confessions-a work in which a man tells of the stages of his conversion to the religion which was to be the most influential factor in the development of European history. Augustine's main purpose in writing the confessions was to praise God, to extol the wisdom of God and to search for God through prayer. In his Confessions, Augustine describes five stages in his conversion to Christianity: his love of philosophy, sparked by the readings of Cicero's Hortensius; his conversion to and disenchantment with Manichaenism; his meeting of St. Ambrose; his conversion to Platonism, and a final mystical experience which led to his total conversion in 386."
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Conversion and Narrative in "Robinson Crusoe", 2006. An examination of the conversion and narrative in Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe". 3,249 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 93.95 »
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Abstract In this paper the author looks at the biographical typology of the conversion narrative, the structurally and thematically fixed point of the conversion, the consistent intrusion of a double perspective and the allegories of spiritual progress that appear in Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe". He analyzes these points to show that they all provide the narrative with moments of coherence and meaning. The author looks at "Robinson Crusoe" not as a spiritual autobiography, or even properly a conversion narrative; but as a tangential account of Crusoe's life which intrudes only along the margins of the narrative, with flashes of coherence and pattern that serve to set off the general experience of the narrator. He looks at this as an experience which tends toward wandering, indirectness and confusion. In conclusion, the author states that the beginning of the novel "Robinson Crusoe" is actually the end of the novel where the course of human life is only touched by completeness and in doing so Defoe is cleverly telling the reader about the confusion of human experience.
From the Paper "The genius of Defoe's novel partly lies in the association of these two antithetical narrative structures into a single narrative. Defoe had his eye on the Puritan conversion narrative but also on the earlier long fiction of the seventeenth century, the romance. The conversion narrative, in particular the spiritual autobiography, often appears to lend the narrative pattern and coherence. The adventure or romance narrative offers Defoe not only a structure for the piling on of wonders and variety, but undercuts the coherence and meaning inherent in the conversion narrative, and ultimately the patterning of history or biography in any sense. Spiritual autobiography fails to supply an organizing principle for Crusoe's life, despite the narrator's attempts, because Crusoe's underlying "malaise", his integral restlessness, 2 constantly thrusts his life out of the enclosures imposed by the conversion event."
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Constantine's Conversion, 2004. An analysis of the Roman Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity. 1,082 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the mysterious story behind the Roman Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity. The paper explains that due to the lack of historical evidence, there are many speculations surrounding his conversion. The paper contends that one of the most commonly accepted facts is that Constantine saw something when he looked up at the sun that caused him to convert to Christianity.
From the Paper "The Roman Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity is a story filled with intrigue and mystery. Due to the lack of historical evidence, many speculations arise from his conversion. One of the most commonly accepted facts is that Constantine certainly saw something that day in 312 when he looked up at the sun. Some believe that he did see a sign from God. Others believe that Constantine saw ice crystals in the sun's rays. What he saw we will never know but what he did after his vision changed the course of Western history and there can be no doubt that Constantine credited his vision as a sign from the Christian God."
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Paralios and the Conversion to Christianity, 2002. An overview of the conversion of Paralios and its effect on Christianity. 1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 62.95 »
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Abstract This paper is written about the conversion of Paralios and how it relates to the theories of Stark and Macmullin. The rapid growth of Christianity has spread through family and friends faster than any evangelism. This can be seen in the conversion of Paralios.
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The Conversion of St. Augustine, 2005. Discusses the life of St. Augustine and his conversion to the Catholic faith. 970 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 34.95 »
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Abstract This paper is a short discussion of Augustine's conversion of faith, towards the church and away from Gnosticism and skepticism, and how this conversion coincides with the changes in his will and sexual appetite.
From the Paper "In The Confessions, St. Augustine goes through three distinct intellectual conversions in his adult life that led to the ultimate goal of conversion of his will toward God. Augustine's method is extremely philosophical in nature. The first stage of his conversion is acceptance of Manicheism; a doctrine he continually criticized throughout the book. The second stage is somewhat of a transitional period in Augustine's life where those philosophies he accepted with the Manichee faith are challenged and rebutted. The third and final stage of Augustine's intellectual conversion and subsequent conversion of the will is his appraisal of neo-platonic philosophy. Although Augustine remains is concerned about how conversion may affect his lifestyle and sexual appetite throughout the book, his intellectual progression ultimately leads to his conversion."
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?The Conversion of the Jews?, 2004. An examination of metaphors, religiosity and faith in Philip Roth's story "The Conversion of the Jews." 1,113 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines how Philip Roth's story, "The Conversion of the Jews," offers a deliberately oversimplified version of the shift from Judaic to Christo-centric societal norms. It looks at how, rather than simply narrate the plight of Christ from a perspective of temporal congruence, Roth uses the variance in the ages of the protagonists to highlight the universality of the quest to discover one's own personal faith.
From the Paper "The fact that he, rather than Binder, claims their full attention, and the fact that they are in star-shaped clusters, reminisce of the Star of David, is symbolic of the shift from Judaic to Christo-centric influence. The "jagged starlike clusters" (388) of his friends, who will someday be Jewish men, are calling for his suicide, an act that would be, for them, salvific in its ultimate rejection of Rabbi Binder, and thus all he stood for. The boys are no longer in league with Binder, no longer his stooges, but rather have become the disciples of Ozzie in his new station. By default, Ozzie has become the Christ of Queens, not by choice so much as out of necessity, a result of his quest. "
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St. Augustine's Conversion, 2003. An examination of Augustine's conversion to Christianity through Neoplatonic thought. 1,837 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 58.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the religious route chosen by St. Augustine. By explaining how Augustine understood God and how he realized this Neoplatonic understanding to be present in Catholicism, the writer shows that Augustine converted to Christianity in order to achieve the salvation he saw possible through Neoplatonism.
From the Paper "In his Confessions, Saint Augustine recounts his struggles of finding God throughout his life. He began, unconsciously, his quest for God after reading Cicero?s Hortensius. This book changed Augustine?s life by making him realize that the materialistic priorities and values he endorsed as a student were vain. From then on he desired only the ?immortality of wisdom.? Trying to acquire the truths about God, Augustine became a follower of Manicheism. He eventually became disillusioned with the sect?s fantastic belief system. After abandoning Manicheism he turned to Neoplatism to elucidate his metaphysical thoughts about God. Having come to an understanding of God through this philosophy, he next struggled with finding a way to get to Him. Turning his attention towards sacred Catholic writings, especially those of the apostle Paul, he observed that ?all the truth [he] had read in the Platonists? was also found in these Christian works. He realized that although Neoplatonism gave him the correct understanding of God as an infinite and ethereal being, it did not give him the means to return to God; he believed that Christianity provided the proper way."
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Conversion to Judiasm, 1991. A look at the theological theory, Jewish attitudes, history, Biblical precedents and the reasons for it. 1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 63.95 »
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From the Paper "Within the modern spectrum of religion, at least in the Western World, the Jewish faith often takes on the characteristics of mysticism, historical relativity, and a more solid notion of the beginnings of Christianity. Some Jewish scholars believe that Judaism takes everyday and ordinary experiences and transforms them through prayer and rite into sacred metaphors.
To gentiles who want to understand how eternity echoes in the lives of their Jewish friends and neighbors, as it does in Christian life as well, and to Jews who seek to grasp how they in their everyday encounter with ordinary life form part of that sacred society that is Israel, [one looks for] the Jewish people (Neusner, 1987, p. ix).
Contemporaneously, the modern Jewish religion has several..."
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Debt Crisis in the Third World, 2002. A look at the financial problems in Mexico and Brazil. 3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 115.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines and analyzes how the debt crisis affects Third World countries. Through case studies of Mexico and Brazil, the paper discusses what brought about the debt crises in these two Third World nations and how those debt crises were dealt with, both by Mexico and Brazil and by the international community.
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Brazil and a Free Trade Area of the Americas, 2007. This paper evaluates the effects of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil using Mexico as a model. 3,872 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 105.95 »
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Abstract The paper examines the potential impact of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement with Brazil by looking more closely at the impact of NAFTA upon Mexico. In particular, the paper looks at worker conditions in Mexico, the heavy reliance of Mexico upon maquiladoras and the US economy, the disruptive impact of free trade upon many of Mexico's prime industries (chiefly agriculture) and the implications of free trade for the long-term viability of Mexico's present education system. The paper also explores what the free trade environment has meant for Mexico's fragile ecology.
From the Paper "To start with, it need hardly be said that many first-world countries (of which there is none richer than the United States) trumpet the economic benefits to be derived from open trade between nations. At the same time, opponents of free trade in the developing world decry proposals such as the FTAA as being socially negative and as a means by which first-world, Western nations can consolidate an asymmetric power relationship between themselves and poorer countries. Naturally enough, such opponents also fear the mass-exploitation of natural resources and the implementation of regulatory "red tape" which will constrain internal growth and hobble the ability of languishing nations to join the first rank of economic powers. As one might expect, Mexico is a nation which often springs to mind whenever one contemplates the prospective economic impact of an FTAA arrangement upon Brazil insofar as both nations are relatively resource rich, possess abundant labor pools coveted by foreign multinationals, and have considerable (albeit predominantly latent) intellectual capital which can serve as a boon to themselves and to the outside world if channeled properly. However, the North American Free Trade Agreement has not been kind to Mexico despite its many promising opportunities."
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Mexico City: 2012 Olympics, 2002. Overview of Mexico City's and Mexico's economic condition and how the economic conditions make Mexico City a viable choice for the 2012 Olympic Games. 1,438 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 47.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes a report, prepared by Mexico City's Olympic Economics Committee, that was written with the intention of showing that Mexico City should indeed be a candidate to host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games. The paper presents evidence of Mexico City's robust and growing economy by looking at such economic factors as GDP, jobs and industries, economic outlook, and the Olympic budget.
Economic Overview
GDP
What are primary jobs and industries?
How developed is Mexico City?
What about available workers, total population, etc.?
Currency
Economic Outlook
Infrastructure
Olympic Budget
Benefits for Mexico City
From the Paper "Mexico City has come a long way from its colonial economy that was based mostly on mining, particularly silver. Today it boasts an economy that is diverse. The economy today includes strong agriculture, petroleum and industry sectors. With this diversification, Mexico City is not only the largest city in the world, with approximately 20 million inhabitants, but the city is considered the second strongest economy in all of Latin America (Mexico: Mexico City)."
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Acculturation and Transculturation, 2004. An examination of how acculturation and transculturation affect societies, focusing on Mexico, Brazil, Bolivia, and the Dominican Republic. 873 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 31.95 »
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Abstract This paper briefly defines these two concepts and examines how they apply to the societies of Mexico, Brazil, Bolivia, and the Dominican Republic. The writer defines acculturation as the process by which a culture is transformed due to massive adoption of cultural traits from another society. Transculturation is defined as a mutual sharing of cultures.
From the Paper "Perhaps one of the most clear-cut examples of transculturation is that of Mexican culture. This culture evolved from the pairing of Spanish settlers and the native inhabitants of present day Mexico, particularly the Mayas and the Aztecs. Unlike many other attempts at European colonization, the Spanish settlements in Mexico did not (at least in the long run) attempt to ?filter out? native culture (?Mexico?). Instead, the culture of the original inhabitants were embraced, and likewise, so was that of their European counterparts (?Mexico?). The match resulted in a very unique identity that we know today as ?Mexican.? "
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