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Choice and Motivation, 2005.
Compares two modern day theories of motivation and choice.
2,484 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 54 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
Given that each and every one of us is exposed to advertisers and marketers attempting to motivate us to choose their product, whether we need it or not, understanding the dynamics between motivation and choice should be high on every educated person's list. The paper explains that if we do not understand how we are being manipulated by the media and for what ends, we cannot make informed choices about other things in life. This paper compares and contrasts two modern theories of motivation and choice - the personally intrinsic and the socially intrinsic.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
History of Study of Motivation
Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Rewards
Choice and Intrinsic Motivation in Western Civilization
Motivation and Choice in Non-Western Cultures
Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"Generally, Westerners appear to be more interested in the concepts of motivation and choice because they are an intrinsic part of our culture. Certainly, as corporations grow globally both in their markets as well as in their employment, understanding what motivates employees and consumers from other cultures will be very important to the international corporations of the 21st Century."
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Choice-based Education Reform, 2005.
This paper discusses choice-based education reform designed to ensure that under-privileged individuals receive a good education.
5,660 words (approx. 22.6 pages), 35 sources, MLA, $ 137.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the most promising systemic educational reform plan involves school choice, a school system that allows parents to select which school their children attend, thus giving parents the freedom to move their children out of ineffective schools while at the same time motivating the ineffective schools to improve. The author stresses that the government should only open the school choice program to families who 1) demonstrate economic need and 2) whose children would be assigned to an inadequate public school. The paper states that an effective educational system based on choice must include religious schools among the choice options.
Table of Contents
The Significance of Education
School Reform Efforts
School Finance Reform
Reform Plans Involving Forms of School Choice
Inter-district Transfer Plans and Controlled Choice
School Choice Systems in Milwaukee and Cleveland
Barriers to Choice-based Education Reform
Legal Obstacles to School Choice
A Pyrrhic Desegregation Policy
Political Barriers to School Reform
Conclusion: Constructing a Feasible School Choice System
Overcoming Legal Barriers
Religious "Choice" Schools
Designing a School Choice System
Targeted Participation
Maximum Number of Available Options
Funding School Choice
The Choice Process
Evaluating a School Choice System
From the Paper
"Ironically, reform efforts to ensure equal educational opportunity have faced opposition from interests pursuing a strict desegregation enforcement policy. Some of these proponents of a strict desegregation policy have confused the means with the ends in providing for equal education through the desegregation doctrine established in Brown. The reasoning by the Court in "Brown" implied that the purpose of integration was to ensure that racial minorities received an equal educational opportunity: "We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities?" This implies that equal "tangible" factors are necessary elements of an equal educational opportunity."
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Choice Theory, 2002.
An overview of the principles of choice theory which explains motivation in human behavior.
1,775 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at one of the various theories as to why people commit crimes. Choice theory is a theory of human behavior that provides an explanation of motivation. This is the belief that we are internally, not externally motivated this theory also teaches that outside events never "make" us do anything.
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Pro-Choice on Abortion, 2005.
An opinion paper which argues for the pro-choice aspect of abortion.
2,285 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
This paper begins with an overview on the definition of abortion. Second, the demographics of which groups of women have abortions are discussed. Finally, the reasons why a pro-choice stance on abortion is the correct stance is provided.
Outline:
Introduction
Abortion Defined
Who Has Abortions
Support for the Pro-Choice Alternative
Pro-Choice and Instances of Rape
Pro-Choice and Instances of Incest
Pro-Choice and Illegal and Unsafe Abortions
Pro-Choice and Medically Risky Pregnancies
Pro-Choice and Poverty
Pro-Choice and Drug Abusers
Pro-Choice and a Woman's Right to Life, Liberty and Freedom
Pro-Choice and Both Sides of the Political Fence
Pro-Choice and Religious Freedom
Conclusion
From the Paper
"It is the status of the fetus that appears to be at the center of the controversy. In the first trimester of pregnancy, an "embryo is clearly pre-human; only the mystical notions of religious dogma treat this clump of cells as constituting a person" (Peikoff). And, with this infliction of religious beliefs on others, as mentioned earlier, begins the slippery slope to infringing on others religious freedom."
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Motivation Theories, 2004.
This paper discusses motivation theories, especially the theories of Maslow and Herzberg.
1,895 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that motivation needs are very difficult to state because human motivations encompass a wide variety of topics and arenas; nonetheless, Maslow and Herzberg's theories are beneficial in identifying road maps that the electronic industry can use to motivate, challenge, and offer job satisfaction and enrichment. The author points out that every individual is molded and shaped by the experiences that life has presented to that individual, and these experiences can impact the manner and attitude by which they perceive Maslow's hierarchical needs. The paper recommends that a company identify the needs of its workers as they exist in the facility and apply the appropriate mix of ideas from different motivational theories to ensure that the worker is offered the best choices and options for improvement.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion
Abraham Maslow's Motivational Theory
Frederick Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"Motivation from the perspective of the employee/employer dynamic and not just the individual's relation to the environment is also important. Many of these motivational factors change over the period of employment. It is easy to observe and comprehend that the Workforce Commitment Index (WCI) will change. The WCI identifies five different workforce needs: Safety/security (safe environment for the worker to work in physically and psychologically), Rewards (Compensation and benefits-an extrinsic factor), Affiliation (a sense of belonging to the organization), Growth (the growth of both the individual and the organization) and Work/life harmony (balancing of personal life and work responsibility.) It is true that as workers move up the hierarchical ladder of the organization the needs they expect also tend to change and move for the next level. Balancing the need for providing these services with the organization's needs can be difficult."
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School Choice, 2007.
An argument against school choice.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the idea of school choice and explains how it will be detrimental to society as a whole. It explores the historical side of school choice and shows the legal importance of school choice as well as other legal precedents that correlate with school choice. It strongly asserts that a choice in schools does not necessarily guarantee an increase in school quality.
From the Paper
"Public schools in America are obviously inadequate and doing a poor job of properly educating America's youth. The educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a nation and a people (Worsnop, 1991). America's schools have been plagued with problems for years. Overworked, under-qualified teachers, and a lack of resources and/or funding are only a few of these problems. Many propose that school choice will be the magical solution to these problems. School choice is a broad term used to describe a wide variety of political, policy, and practical student enrollment options available to parents and the educators and who manage the public school K-12 systems throughout the United States (Cookson, 2004)."
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Public Choice Theory, 2008.
This paper discusses the issue of public choice theory and urban governance.
1,056 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
In this article the writer explores public choice theory and the argument that public choice theory provides a thoughtful assessment of what needs to be done if urban governments are to become efficacious and expeditious providers of services to their citizens. The paper briefly outlines the general argument presented by advocates of local government and then provides some of the compelling arguments raised by those who feel public choice theory does not offer a stalwart solution to the problems of local governance. In the end, the writer maintains that while it sounds superficially appealing, public choice theory does not have a lot of empirical data to support many of its key claims.
From the Paper
"Additionally, public choice theorists argue that municipal governments, because they are monopoly providers, are inefficient insofar as they have little incentive to lower their prices or be innovative. Public choice theorists thus argue that there needs to be a separation between the demand articulation role of government (the collective process whereby it is ascertained how and how much of something will be set aside for public use) and the supplier role of government. Simply put, when governments have to buy services for something, they tend to be exacting in determining the value given for the monies received. All in all, the public choice theorist cleaves to the view that local governance needs to be run as a business - and that government often falls short in its obligations to the general public because it does not separate the provider role and the production role involved in the delivery of a good or service, thereby creating costly inefficiency and waste."
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Choice Theory, 2002.
Show why criminals choose the path they take, within the context of the Rational Choice Theory.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the reason why some individuals engage in criminal behavior. Many researchers in recent years have started to focus on the element of choice, rational choice. This paper examines Rational Choice Theory. .
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Rational Choice Theory and Post-Modernism, 2002.
Discussion of the Rational Choice Theory and the Post-Modernist Theory, and how these two different theories can, to some degree, be reconciled.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
The development of Rational Choice Theory in the 20th century arose out of economic theory. Through such thinkers as Homans, Blau and Coleman it has emerged as an important school of thought. The theory focuses upon the rational calculations carried out by individuals guided by self-interest. Post-modernism, another contemporary theory, is in many ways in friction with rational choice theory, for the fundamental capitalist drive espoused by rational choice is seen as nothing but a social construct by the post-modern tradition. Alfred Schutz, a twentieth century phenomenologist, reconciles these two strains of thought to some degree by bringing up the notion of individual perception which encompasses both the social constructs and the drive for self-interest.
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School Choice: Pro and Con, 2005.
A discussion of the pros and cons of school choice.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the subject of school choice. After quantifying what school choice is, the paper discusses whether this should be accepted by the legislature, by schools and by parents and whether it is the best decision for children. The paper further analyses how it affects the way children learn. A further question of whether school choice will result in needy children or children from minorities being segregated, as this could mean they attend schools with little funding and few opportunities, is addressed.
From the Paper
"Choice is everywhere in American education" (School Choice Facts). When a person stops to think about school choice, he or she will realize that school choice is quite common to every parent. Parents decide where they want their children to go to school and move into the residential areas where those schools are located (School Choice Facts). Sometimes this means paying high costs of rent, but it is worth it to the parents. Some parents make the decision whether to send their children to private school. This means that parents decide the cost of the private school is worth paying fees, books, and other costs. Some parents decide to home school and mothers often decide not to work so they can teach their children at home. All of these involve school choice. School choice is not new. Different countries have tried programs similar to what the U.S. calls school choice."
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Rational Choice and Human Behavior, 2006.
A discussion regarding Freud versus Kant, and the issue of rational choice.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the concept of rational choice which suggests that the individual has the ability to make decisions after contemplation of all areas of concern, and that choice is based on free will. Kant's view in relation to Adam and Eve supports this notion. However, Freud's interpretation of rationality in relation to mankind suggests that natural forces lead man to make decisions and that he is compelled by these forces which involve no rationalization whatsoever. This paper discusses how these contrasting views provide theories on human existence and what leads man to make choices that will affect his life and the lives of others.
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Gender Differences in Subject Choice, 2005.
An investigation of the consequences of subject choice between the genders.
3,545 words (approx. 14.2 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 99.95
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Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of gender on subject choices of post-16 students, looking particularly at A-level students who tend to select stereotypical subjects according to their gender. Subject choices have an impact on the job market, making certain careers dominated by a particular sex and this is a vital area to research as disproportionate subject choices in schools could prevent equality in the workplace. It determines whether this influence of gender on subject choice is a national trend and also if it has any consequence in the career market. The study is based on secondary data, consisting of official U.C.A.S. statistics and national A-level results. The paper includes various charts and graphs.
From the Paper
"Although the 1944 Education Act made secondary education accessible to all children, boys and girls did not pursue the same curriculum, as the dominant ideology was they should study subjects which would best prepare them for their natural roles. Introducing a national curriculum in 1988 attempted to legislate gender equality in education. In an effort to eradicate the traditions of children taking subjects in accordance to their sex, girls were required to study previously male dominated subjects, and vice versa. Students were allowed to choose some subjects, in which gender differences can be noted, but this choice was only permitted outside the ?core? areas of English, Science, Mathematics, Technology and a foreign language. However by A level, when students are given a complete choice of subjects to study the gender differences re-emerge despite pupils studying mostly the same subjects up until the age of 16."
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A Lack Of Choice, 2006.
This paper maintains that schools must offer more freedom of choice in their educational system.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The paper identifies how one of the most significant problems facing public education in the West is a simple lack of choice. In the United States, especially, educational standardization is restricting and destroys the spirit of freedom on which educational inquiry must be based. The paper contends that a concerted effort to develop school choice programs would be the best means by which the educational system could be reformed.
From the Paper
"How can educators expect students to actively engage in the process of learning when they're behavior is strictly monitored and controlled, their ability to question and probe outside of the curriculum severely limited? There are students who simply do not want to learn algebra but would leap out of bed everyday to work in a wood shop. Some students are drawn to the study of language or arts but can only engage this study so much before they are ushered into another classroom where students throw balls at one another."
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Work Choice - Article Reviews, 2007.
This paper reviews three articles written about work choice initiatives in Australia.
1,001 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In this paper, three different article about work choice initiatives in Australia are reviewed. These include 'Submission to the Senate Inquiry into the Workplace Relations Amendment (WorkChoices) Bill 2005', "Business Council of Australia ," "Workchoices: Myth Making At
Work." as it appeared in "Journal of Australian Political Economy" and finally "Workchoices and Women Workers." from the "Journal
of Australian Political Economy." The major ideas presented in each article are then compared and contrasted in a chart. The issues analyzed in the chart include the stand of work choice initiatives, views on external involvement in business processes, primary objectives, management reforms, and reform agenda. The paper gives a concise and well-organized review of the articles.
From the Paper
"The authors primary focus is suggesting that national workplace relations systems should be developed that make modern workplace relations simpler to achieve. The authors suggest that industrial relations policies are often complex and that many arguments for changing policies bypass various complications associated with change including difficulties arising from change itself and industrial relations. It is important that government agents pay attention more to legislative factors including economic changes or changes in the structure of various markets and the role these factors have in shaping relations outcomes in the work environment. This study is also significant in that it enforces the need to introduce a single national industrial relations system, supports the removal of the Australian Fair Standards from inclusion in legislation, which include minimum standards for annual leave, sick leave and unpaid parental leave among others, suggests that a fair pay commission be established and works to reduce the total number of allowable matters with the intent of limiting the complexity of the award review process. "
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Pro-Choice, 2006.
An overview and analysis of the controversial issues of abortion and an argument in favor of pro-choice.
3,613 words (approx. 14.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 100.95
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Abstract
This paper begins by presenting a great deal of background information on the topic of abortion, including statistics on various aspects of abortion, a discussion of illegal or unsafe abortions, political positions regarding abortions and the role of planned parenthood. After reviewing and analyzing this information, the paper concludes that the real pro-life position is the position taken by the pro-choice movement rather than the position taken by opponents of abortion.
Table of Contents
Introduction
An Overview of Abortion
Abortion Statistics
Illegal and/or Unsafe Abortions
Medical Groups that Oppose Obstacles to Abortion
Abortion and Both Sides of the Political Fence
Planned Parenthood and Abortion
Pro-Choice Opinion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Abortion is perhaps one of the most emotionally charged debates this country has endured for decades. Two diametrically opposed positions have continued to butt heads over the topic, despite legislation and legal rulings that should have ended the debate years ago. Yet, the fact that the issue is so intertwined with religious and moral beliefs has supercharged the topic to a point that neither side can let go. And, therefore, the debate continues."
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