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Chinese Economic Reforms ( Before Tiananmen Massacre ), 1989.
Examines economic developments in People's Republic of China, late-1970s through late-1980s. Discusses foreign participation, structure & management of economy, readjustments, decentralization, pragmatism, Responsibility System, incentives and commercial
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 10 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the economic reforms in the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). These reforms began in the late.1970s, and are continuing in the late.1980s. The extent and character of the economic changes occurring in the PRC are such that they have been referred to as an economic revolution by some observers, although retrenchments in 1988 have dulled some of their revolutionary luster. In this research, a particular emphasis is placed on foreign participation in the Chinese economy, which is provided for through the reforms.
CHINESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
For most of the first three decades of the PRC's existence ..the country came into being on 1 October 1949 (Paxton, 1988), it adhered strictly to Marxist theory in the management of its (...)"
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Chinese Economic and Foreign Policies, 2005.
An investigation into how China's economic and foreign policies have contributed to its success over the past decades.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the success of the Chinese economic reforms is attributed to the liberty granted to the non-state sectors to progress in the environment of the market economy. The open door policy is an essential element in the process of economic reforms. It induces foreign investment and encourages the foreign trade. The writer points out that foreign investment has brought in new capital, new technology, managerial skill and training for labor to China. This has infused the contemporary managerial strategies, business techniques and a legal structure for favoring the business dealings. The paper further notes that it has generated competition in the domestic market and the competition has compelled the domestic enterprises to become more efficient. The foreign trade has been made easy due to the availability of the low cost and high quality labor in China to produce goods to be sold at higher prices in the world market thereby increasing the compensation to Chinese labor. The writer concludes that China has thus become an outstanding trading nation in the region, primary to the economic development along with promoting stability in the region.
From the Paper
"Chinese foreign policy of the mid-1980s results from the four correlated estimations. Firstly, the Chinese reform minded leaders opined that there is possibility for China to attain power and prosperity while safeguarding its national essence only through increased involvement in world activities. Secondly they emphasized that the international environment allows a focus upon domestic development while specifically because Soviet Union is concentrating on other emergent situations and in the process there is ample possibility that China can avail a stable environment in East Asia for the predictable future. Thirdly, they emphasized that China will find it advantageous to participate successfully in the international economic system and by soliciting growing foreign involvement in its own economic development. Finally, it is advocated that China can adopt persistent, independent, pragmatic and purposeful policies not only towards the three major powers of concern to them which are the Soviet Union, the United States and Japan but also towards other crucial areas like Korea, Indo-China and Taiwan. Hence the superseding goals of foreign policy of the reformers that arise from such considerations is to counterfeit a peaceful security environment in support of ambitious internal economic development. The reformers desire to promote economic relationships with all the prospective trading counterparts. They are much concerned in safeguarding the Chinese Sovereignty and autonomy while allowing the impediments of enhanced commercial and security links with the external world. (Okesenberg, 1986)"
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Chinese and Russian Reforms, 2002.
A comparison with examples of reform in both Russia and China.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the processes of agricultural, economic, and political reform in Russia and China, analyzes why Russia and China took different paths of reform, and provides clear examples from both countries.
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Reforming the Chinese Financial Sector, 2002.
This paper discusses the recent changes in China's banking industry and points out important points in transition economies.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 13 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The banking system is only now confronting the reality of life in a market economy where poor lending policies translate, appropriately, into bankruptcy, even for banks. While it is difficult to draw conclusions from this it remains essential to note that transition, development and integration into the global market all proceeded rapidly regardless of the stagnation in the banking sector.
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The Chinese Legal System in Economic Matters., 1991.
A look at theForeign Economic Contract Law, commercial contract formation, contract enforceability, dispute resolution and foreign business litigation.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"Chinese Legal System
During the first half of this century, China had no formal legal system. In 1949, when the Communists took over the country under Mao Zedong, China imported many of the institutions of the socialist legal system that had been developed in the Soviet Union. During the Cultural Revolution of 1965 to 1975, the country completely abandoned any type of legal system and closed all law schools.1
In 1978, following Mao's death, the law schools were reopened. In 1976, China had a handful of practicing lawyers. Ten years later, there were 25,000 working lawyers in China.2 Legal reconstruction began after the Third People's Congress, which subsequently adopted a new Constitution. The Chinese Constitution states that it has supreme legal authority.3"
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Chinese Government Political Reforms, 2005.
A discussion of reforms in the Chinese political arena and how these affect the economy in practice.
1,587 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The reforms that the Chinese government introduced in the last couple of decades or so have brought about a tremendous change in the Chinese economy, to the extent that a major reduction of poverty and a quick increase in income levels are experienced. This paper discusses the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies and the market characteristics of the country.
From the Paper
"From Deng Xiaoping in 1978 to the current leadership level, the Chinese have shown a firm commitment towards economic reforms and opening the Chinese economy to the outside world. (Background Note: China) Hence the business environment in China is considered to be very attractive and there are many multinational companies that have already made use of the opportunities offered and many others are venturing to enter the Chinese business market. (Understanding Eastern & Western Culture and Business Practices Legacee) In this paper we shall have an understanding of the history of labor unions and managerial practices, the relationship between the government and business - both local and multinational companies, and shall look at the market characteristics of the country."
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The Reformation and Counter-Reformation Periods, 2005.
A brief over-view of a religiously-divided Europe during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation periods.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The following paper is a brief review of the religious schism that wracked Europe, principally France and Germany, during the Reformation and Counter-Reformation periods. The paper examines how the various leaders involved responded, and what the long-term consequences of their decisions were for their respective lands. The paper also notes how the period actually strengthened the French while weakening the Holy Roman Empire.
From the Paper
"The history of modern Europe has seen its share of troubling religious divides and more than its share of religious violence. That being said, the French monarchy was initially repressive towards religious dissent but gradually assumed a more progressive approach as the sixteenth century drew to a close. In the early decades of the Sixteenth century, however, Francis I was notorious in his brutal crack-down of the emerging sixteenth century Protestantism; this persecution was ably pursued by his successor, Henri II who also took it upon himself to contest a variety of territorial holdings with the Holy Roman Empire, England and Spain. As the second half of the sixteenth century proceeded, French efforts to thwart the Protestant upheaval grew in conviction."
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Taste Chinese Food, Taste Chinese Culture, 2003.
An overview of how to organise a Chinese function from the planning stage to the execution of the function itself.
3,243 words (approx. 13.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the planning of a Chinese function as part of a university assignment. It summarises the whole function from pre-planning, organization until the end production, taking into consideration marketing and finances as well as the catering. It examines how the students demonstrated that they can employ supervisory skills through the planning, organization and production of a function,through the use of practical and technical skills and by the interpretation of the Food and Beverage Control Cycle through the application of the principles and procedures to a practical situation.
Outline
Introduction
Pre-Planning
Approach to Setting Objectives
Strategy for Achieving Objectives
Analysis of:
Marketing Considerations
Financial Considerations
Catering Considerations
Evaluate Function Failures and Overcome Difficulties
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix 1 Pre-Planning Function Menu
Appendix 2 ?Taste Chinese Food, Taste Chinese Culture? Function Menu
Appendix 3 Handling Complaints
Appendix 4 Blueprinting of the Function.
Appendix 5 Service Procedures
Appendix 6 The Failures of Each Co-Ordinator
From the Paper
"A comparison of competitive catering services reveals trends in private party formats, cuisine menus, theme and entertainment concepts. Competitive business can often provide valuable information to new and developing operations. Although competition wasn?t a major problem for the function operation because of the nature of this function- it is a university assessment. The consideration of the competition should not be ignored to help to maintain the function to be better and professional. Group 1 chose Chinese food and Group 2 chose Moroccan food. These 2 groups had exactly same location, facilities and support from the university teachers, and the 2 groups targets on the same customers- university students, lecturers, university staff, their own family and friends etc."
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China-Economic Policy, 2006.
A discussion regarding the Chinese economic policy, both domestic and foreign.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 223.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses China's economic policy and growth refracted through its foreign policies, its geo-political designs, and its internal consumption patters vis-a-vis energy and specifically petroleum. The research design is qualitative in approach and the conclusion is that while China has, in the past, united its foreign policy with that of its economic policy, and visa-versa, it has now begun to unwed these particular governmental dimensions with uncertain results. In the future, China is seen as possibly undermining the economic growth it was worked so hard to achieve by uncoupling foreign and economic policies.
From the Paper
"Table of Contents Introduction 04 Economic Theory 04 Applied Theory 06 Literature Review 06 Foreign Policy as an Economic Weapon 07 Monetary Policy 19 Economics of Petroleum 23 Methodology 28 Philosophical Rationale 28 Theoretical Foundations 29 Research Design 30 Empirical Findings 30 Conclusion 31 References 33 China: Dimensions of Economic Growth Introduction Economic Theory The neoclassical approach to the study of economics hinges on the allocation of resources that are distributed across needs and satisfactions. Supply and demand is often used to characterize neoclassical economics and is useful in that the economic investment in capital: human, physical, or intellectual, is the primary driver behind the theory of supply and demand and the meta-theory of neoclassicism. Neoclassical theory prefers that individuals behave rationally in the market which, consequently ensures that products and services are consumed efficiently and that, by extension, enterprises generate profit just as efficiently. "
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Native-American and Chinese Culture, 2004.
A comparison of Native American and Chinese culture.
3,175 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a comparison and contrast of the Native American culture with the Chinese culture. The paper claims that there are several similarities. "Native American" and "Chinese" are all-encompassing descriptive terms of the many different tribes and dynasties of each culture. Both cultures have rich, meaningful customs that are still passed on today, unlike many ethnic groups that have lost some of their culture due to the changing times. The paper contends that Chinese and Native Americans still believe in their own form of mythology. The paper discusses the social, political, and economical aspects of these two cultures.
Outline
I. Introduction
a. Two Richly Historic Societies
II. Social
a. Native-American Creation
b. Birth of Chinese Culture
c. Compare and Contrast
III. Political
a. Native-American Politics
b. Chinese Political Systems
c. Compare and Contrast
IV. Economic
a. Early Native-American Economy
b. The Start of Chinese Economics
c. Compare and Contrast
V. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Throughout their history, Native-Americans have been historic people of change. Food discovered and domesticated by Native-Americans would transform the diet of the incoming settlers and not just the offering that has been made famous as the "First Thanksgiving." Native-Americans also made many important contributions to modern medicine, art, architecture, and ecology. It is not widely taught but during the thousands of years preceding European contact, the Native-American people developed ingenious and creative cultures. They harvested plants for food, dyes, medicines, and textiles. They hunted and domesticated animals. They also established extensive patterns of trade which helped them build cities, "produce monumental architecture, developed intricate systems of religious beliefs; and constructed a wide variety of systems of social and political organization ranging from kin-based bands and tribes to city-states and confederations" (Mintz, 2003)."
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McDonald's Enters the Chinese Market, 2002.
An exploration of the economic impact of McDonald's entering the Chinese market.
1,450 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
McDonald's is the largest food service retailer in the world with more than 30,000 restaurants in 121 countries. This paper explores the economic impact of McDonald's entering the Chinese market. The two main economic impacts discussed are employment and the encouraging of greater foreign trade and investment. It also briefly describes the economic collaboration between America and China, the restaurant industry in China, and the goals that McDonald's has for the Chinese Market.
From the Paper
"Every new McDonald's Restaurant creates at least 100 new job opportunities depending on the size of the store. So by 2013 McDonalds would have created at least 100,000 more jobs for China's economy. In addition, McDonald's provides its employees with an opportunity to advance in the organization, McDonald's Restaurants offers comprehensive training programs to all staff levels and is committed to promoting from within. (http://www.sjross.com/mcdonalds.html) This commitment provides workers with increased pay and training. "
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Economic and Professional Performance, 2004.
This paper explores the economic and professional performance of Mexican-Americans and Chinese-Americans.
1,025 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how, for both Mexican-Americans and Chinese-Americans, there is greater academic achievement among students who are bilingual. These achievements are instrumental in increasing economic and professional performances in each group. Students in both groups have a higher high school graduation rate if one or both parents are college graduates, further increasing their earning potential. The paper discusses that, while both are considered ethnic groups, Chinese-Americans have greater economic and professional accomplishments, compared to Mexican-Americans. Each group is constantly striving to increase their earning potential, not only to benefit themselves, but future generations.
From the Paper
"Mexican-Americans have shown to have lower academic scores than a number of other ethnicities such as Asian Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans. These scores are significant since education has a direct effect on earning potential and economic performance. Studies have shown that when one or both parents have a graduate degree there is an increase in test scores. In 1993, the combined SAT math and verbal scores for Mexican-Americans ?with at least one parent with a graduate degree were 912, compared to 1072 for Asian Americans, 917 for other Hispanics, and 934 for Native Americans (Edgerton).? "
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Chinese Film and Folklore Mythology, 2002.
Examines what is specifically 'Chinese' about Chinese-American film directors, John Woo and Ang Lee.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the films of Chinese-American directors John Woo and Ang Lee are considered in relation to Chinese and Americanized film genres. Here, Woo's "Face/Off" (1997) and Lee's "Sense and Sensibility" (1995) are examined for elements of Chinese culture and influence. This paper suggests that each director represent a different aspect of Chinese film, but that Woo's attention to the genre of action films compares most particularly with the martial arts genre made famous in Chinese film industries.
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Gender Roles in the Chinese Media, 2007.
This paper researches globalization and gender differences in images of Chinese women in the Chinese media.
2,811 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the premise that regardless of the efforts of the Chinese media to exclude Western themes from the media, public demand has allowed some Westernized female images to creep into the media of mainland China. The research explores the presence and prevalence of westernized female images in Chinese advertising media.
The paper offers a background of Chinese cultural ideals and provides a literature review. The paper shows how a new image of Chinese women is emerging in the media that is accepted more readily by the women than the men.
Outline:
Background of the Problem
Literature Review
Methodology
Results and Discussion
From the Paper
"China is a country steeped in tradition. Historically, it has been resistant to change and the introduction of foreign influences. For many years, China had an isolationist policy towards any type of foreign influence. China wanted to prove that they were self-sufficient. This exclusion of foreign influence isolated them culturally as well. Chinese cultural ideals were reinforced. Traditional female and male roles were predetermined before a child's birth, and the child dare not try to break them."
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?God?s Chinese Son?, 2002.
A paper which analyzes and reviews the book "God?s Chinese Son: The Chinese Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan" by Jonathan Spence.
1,555 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 51.95
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Abstract
A paper which discusses Jonathan Spence's book "God?s Chinese Son: The Chinese Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan" about Chinese Christian missionary Hong Xiuquan who led the Taiping ?Great Peace? Rebellion in a bid to gain power over China's major cities and succeeded in seizing Nanjing in 1853. By examining Spence's book, the paper delves into questions such as: What is the nature of Christianity and how should the missionary movement conduct itself in foreign lands? How did the Taiping Rebellion affect geopolitical forces, in China and abroad? Did the Taiping Rebellion carve the way for the Communist revolution in the following century? What does it mean to have a religious conviction and apply it with military force?
From the Paper
"Christianity already had its claws in Asia by the 1840s, as did Western trade interests. China?s Qing dynasty faced serious challenges to its integrity as it pondered the course of the nation?s future. Protestant missionaries that had flourished in the 19th century began to distribute, on a large scale, religious tracts and Chinese-language Bibles. The impact of these missionaries and their publications might not have been foreseen by the Qing dynasty, which already had begun to splinter. It is within this chaotic and semi-stable environment, coupled with the personal stress of continuously failing his Confucian exams, that Hong Xiuquan had his spiritual visions."
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