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China and the World Trade Organization, 2008.
A discussion of the controversial issue of China joining the World Trade Organization.
1,340 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how China has been changing economically while trying to hold on to as much of the Communist system as possible, a delicate balancing act that raises the suspicions of much of the world while also creating a good deal of internal uncertainty. The paper points out that this is part of a modernization effort being carried forth not only by those within China or by her trading partners, but also by Chinese living abroad who wish to increase business for the home country or to develop China in a wide variety of fields, including the scientific, financial, artistic, tourism, and other fields. The paper maintains that part of this effort involves China joining the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both the possibility of China joining and the organization itself were the subjects of massive protests in this era of increasing globalization and remain so. The paper concludes that China's attempt to gain benefits while retaining autonomy in certain matters is a balancing act that cannot be maintained for long without political change.
Outline:
Introduction
The WTO
China and the WTO
Theoretical Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The Chinese take the view that America is only harboring ill feelings about the emergence of a stronger and more prosperous China, and they believe that Washington's policy toward Taiwan is designed to obstruct China's reunification. They say that the Americans want to stop Chinese arms sales that are merely for commercial purposes while at the same time they are selling more sophisticated fighters and missiles to the unyielding Taiwanese. They also believe that the Americans use the human rights issue as a weapon to interfere in China's domestic affairs and undermine the Chinese government and note that the U.S. government created obstacles to China's entry into the WTO with the intention to weaken China economically, which has an effect domestically and internationally at the same time: "As the Chinese are sustaining their economic growth and rapidly improving their standard of living, their national pride is certain to arise" (Jisi 45)."
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China's Accession into the World Trade Organization, 2002.
A paper which discusses various aspects of U.S.-China trade relations.
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
The entry of China into the world economy fuels a clash of ideals between those who see it as an opportunity for greater markets and those who stick closely to Maoist ideals and fear the threat to security that this new deal brings. Although it may seem like an opportunity to grow capital markets on a global basis, there are many cultural barriers in the way. This paper examines three aspects of US-China trade relations: China?s access to foreign capital, China?s access to technology and China?s access to NAFTA goods.
From the Paper
"Another aspect of trade between the US and China is that in 1999 the US already had a massive trade deficit with China. The US imported far more goods from China than it exported. The entrance of China into the WTO gives them even more access to goods in the United States, however, due to NAFTA this will include Mexican and Canadian goods as well. Some in the United States fear that this will only serve to widen the trade deficit that already exists."
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China?s Accession to the World Trade Organization, 2004.
This paper discusses that the People's Republic of China becoming a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has a great impact upon its development and the entire world.
9,350 words (approx. 37.4 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 192.95
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Abstract
This paper, presenting an extensive history of China, explains that, due to its historical isolation from and suspicion of foreign influence, its long acquaintance with communist economic structures, and a general preference for protectionism, China has developed a highly protectionist trade policy that will present problems for its participation in the WTO. The paper points out that China's accession to the WTO may result in adjustment problems with unemployment and redistribution of wealth, potentially causing further social and political problems. The paper lists several important areas through which China?s WTO accession may have a major impact upon the other economies of East Asia, including increased access by other regional players to China?s domestic market, improved overall competitiveness among these countries, competition with China for business in third markets, changes in investment patterns, and transparency and predictability of trade policy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Overview and Discussion
History
Principles of the Accession Agreement
Economic Impact in China
Political Impact in China
Economic Impact in East Asia Region
Downside Risks
Anti-dumping
Safeguards
Stifling of Innovation vs. Establishing Good IP Protections
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"China does not yet have an independent legal and court system. The legal system must be modernized to handle today?s wide variety of commercial disputes, to protect legal contracts and to combat corruption wherever it is found. When this happens, it may be possible to create the groundwork for an independent judiciary. Then the rule of law may come to be extended. Only then will the central bureaucracy be reformed and the administration of justice be consolidated."
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The World Trade Organization And Trade Policies, 2002.
Examines the effects of the WTO on government trade policies in many countries such as China.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization has an effect on developing governmental policies concerning trade in many countries such as China.
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2005.
A look at the involvement of China in the World Trade Organization, focusing on the need for supply chain management.
8,415 words (approx. 33.7 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 178.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with the circumstances that led China to join the WTO, an analysis of the Chinese economy prior to joining the organization, and its performance after becoming a member. The study examines the performance and limitations of supply chain management in China. It then provides recommendations for improving the working of supply chain management in China.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Supply Chain Operations in China: Benefits
4. Limitations of Supply Chain Management in China
5. Recommendations for Improvement
6. Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many of the companies are presently resorting to different methods of making their work done by hiring people through a process known as outsourcing. The companies try to focus on their basic activities in which they are competent and other ancillary activities are outsourced on contract basis to others. The Chinese market is now in global focus as one of the growing market. The favorable circumstance for investment by the multinational corporations in respect of multiple ranges of industries like consumer products, automotive, electronics, telecommunications etc., is the primary reason for its attraction. The widespread marketing prospects, highly educated people, cost-effective methods of production, and effective networks for distribution made the Chinese market so significant globally. Another reason that made China the centre of attraction is the performance of its economy even amidst the Asian catastrophe. The bewildering increase of its exports by 25% has made its international trade becoming more significant. The self assured Chinese economy led to signify the role of international relations. The operation of Motorola in the Chinese soil led the Western members to consider the Chinese market as very significant and cannot be set aside. The Western leaders could visualize a growth rate of over 9 percent per annum and in favor of initiation of reformation in the global trading policy. China is predicted to be the seventh world ranking largest exporter and eighth largest importer by the end of 2000. Next only to US, China has become the second largest playground attracting the foreign capitalists with an investment of about 400 million US dollar. Besides, it is evident to the Western leaders to visualize the large population of China with the diversities as a never ending supplier of low wage laborers in addition to the large middle class consumers. In view of these it is considered by the Western leaders that non-admittance of China to the WTO cannot be the other alternative. (Chanoff, 2002)"
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2002.
An examination of how China finally gained entry into the WTO in November 2001.
1,387 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
A paper discussing all aspects of China being admitted into the World Trade Organization in 2001 after having been denied entry repeatedly in the past. Discussion includes China's expectation of being one of the main powers in the WTO after the United States and Europe. One of the main advantages discussed is the financial impact of globalization on China's labor force.
From the Paper
"China is expected to become one of the main entities in the World Trade Organization, next to the United States and Europe. Besides becoming the dominant power in Asia, what this also means for China is that they could possibly see their unemployment rate surge if imports from member nations are now allowed to flood the market. Becoming the dominant power in Asia could be a direct result of China's entrance into the World Trade Organization. Some of the many advantages of growth and development for China now that they are involved in free trade and globalization through the World Trade Organization are quite varied."
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2002.
This paper discusses the entry of China into the WTO and the complexities of implementing all the changes to her economy.
8,856 words (approx. 35.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 185.95
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Abstract
An in-depth research paper into China joining the WTO and the details of the agreement of trade tariffs and quotas that was established. The paper discusses the different business cultures between east and west and why these differing cultures made it harder to implement the changes into China's economy. The writer examines how these countries are now able to merge due to the trend of globalization - both economically and culturally.
I. Introduction
II. Review of Literature
China and the West in Business
Case Studies
Tips and Other Opinions
III. Methodology
IV. Results
A Convergence of Business Cultures?
Case Studies
Tips, Strategies and Opinions
V. Summary and Conclusion
Implications and Recommendations for Further Study
References
From the Paper
"What makes China stand out as a global market potential, despite its status as an underdeveloped country, is its sheer size: its huge and diverse population of close to 1.2 billion is five times the US population. This makes China the world?s largest consumer economy (Ralston et al). This is why those who wish trade with, and invest in, China must be most knowledgeable about Guanxi, the Chinese?s negotiating behavior (Buttery and Leung, 1997). It is their access to the needed influence in China in order to make things happen there, in establishing political capital and building relationships, which foreign investors must have and use to do business in China. But Western or foreign investors must be most aware that they will not finish up with a single negotiation or accomplishing a quick return-on-investment. Guanxi requires the building of a life-long relationship with foreign investors and proof of certain virtues. The Chinese culture in business differs widely from the Western in a number of ways, which must be effectively addressed to insure business success."
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China & World Trade Organization, 1997.
Analyzes nation's economic & trade status, background of WTO & advantages & drawbacks of prospective WTO membership. Includes charts.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 16 sources, $ 87.95
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From the Paper
"THE PRC AND WTO MEMBERSHIP: A CHINESE PERSPECTIVE
Introduction
This research examines the advantages of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) for the People?s Republic of China (PRC) from the perspective of the PRC. The WTO is the successor organization to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
The WTO
GATT represented an effort to open the markets of the world to freer trade through the reductions or elimination of tariffs and other imposed impediments to trade. Following the Uruguay Round of the GATT negotiations, sufficient progress had been made to persuade the member countries to form the WTO as a successor to GATT and as a permanent organization to monitor and regular.."
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The World Trade Organization: Its Structure and Organization, 2001.
A personal paper arguing for the need of the World Trade Organization.
1,546 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 4 sources, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the World Trade Organization, or WTO and debates whether or not the WTO has a positive effect on the world. The author takes the position that one needs a place to take disputes and set regulations for the international economy.
From the Paper
"The World Trade Organization, which was created in 1995, was the biggest reform of international trade since 1948. During the previous years, international commerce had been organized under GATT, which established a multilateral trading system. However, by the 1980s major restructuring was needed. The Uruguay Round brought about that overhaul. It was the largest trade negotiation ever."
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The World Trade Organization, 2002.
Looks at the structure and role of the World Trade Organization and some of the controversies surrounding it.
2,650 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 16 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the World Trade Organization. Amongst other things the paper discusses its structure, role, the controversies surrounding it and how the World Trade Organization can be improved.
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The World Trade Organization, 2006.
A critical evaluation of the history of the World Trade Organization.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international institution that is most closely linked to the processes of globalization and as such is at the center of some of the most contentious debates of our time. This essay examines the development of the World Trade Organization over time with specific reference to its operations in terms of reducing inequality in the global economy.
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The World Trade Organization, 2006.
A look at the history, origin, and functions of the World Trade Organization.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 124.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the World Trade Organization. The WTO is the most influential body regarding trade, trade relationships, and trade disputes in the world. While the US is obviously one of its leading members, it has not been the dominant force in this organization that it has in other major international organizations. Although only organized since 1995, the WTO also has its roots in the post World War II era.
From the Paper
"The WTO is the follow-on organization to GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) that guided international trade since the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944 attempted to form the International Trade Organization (Condon, 2002). While the ITO was never successful due primarily to US lobbying, GATT guided world trade matters until the Uruguay Round in 1995 created the..."
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World Trade Organization, 2004.
This paper is an overview of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
2,507 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the history, structure, and function of the WTO. It explains how the World Trade Organization is the most recent result of international efforts to reduce barriers to trade. The writer shows how it is an institution in which membership is voluntary, but it is also an organization with legal status.
From the Paper
"However, as this statement makes evident, there are exceptions to the rule, and just because a member state does not agree with an amendment or new ruling, this does not necessarily mean that it will be forced to drop out of the WTO. It is membership in the WTO that gives it its legal power. So, to summarize: the rulings of the WTO are not legally binding in that they do not affect the sovereignty of nations to make their own rulings. However, membership is contingent on the acceptance of WTO rulings and policies, and as a member, rulings that override domestic policy can be legally binding."
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Double Standards of the World Trade Organization, 2004.
Looks at how the rules designed by the World Trade Organization to govern international trade are biased against poor nations.
1,509 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the World Trade Organization's bias against the poor and how it almost exclusively favors the rich. The paper also looks at how the major players in the WTO system do not abide by the very rules that they have created.
From the Paper
"The recent Cancun round of negotiations within the WTO, regarding especially agricultural subsidies, showed that finally the developing countries starting with giants such as India and Brazil, preponderantly agricultural countries with significant contribution to world trade, backed up by China, could finally make a common point and a stand still against the European Union and the United Stated. The strange and somewhat revolting point of discussion is that, while boasting liberalization and free trade, the EU and the United States spent an approximated $300 billion in subsidies, almost all of them going to agriculture. Isn?t a subsidy a way to ignore the free trade boasted as the main program by the WTO? Of course, you do not use taxes to raise imported goods prices, but you follow a reverse pattern and use subsidies to lower national goods prices and make them more competitive on the foreign market."
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The World Trade Organization, 2006.
An overview and analysis of the World Trade Organization.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established by the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and introduced an important new phase into the development of international trade regulation. This paper discusses the origin, history, function and organizational structure of the WTO.
From the Paper
"For the first time in history, an international trade organization established a regulatory and judicial structure through which it could regulate virtually every aspect of global trade. The WTO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and is headed by a biennial Ministerial Conference. Operations are overseen by a Director-General, who heads the Secretariat, and by the General Council, which comprised of representatives of each member state and meets as required to take action on issues brought forward by either the Trade Policy Review Body or the Dispute Settlement Body."
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