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China?s Labor Laws, 2004.
An overview of Chinese labor laws.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Chinese labor laws. The paper examines such legal and economic issues as the Chinese minimum wage, overtime, maximum amount of hours allowed in a work week, retirement, and benefits. The paper explores how these issues relate to gender equality, age discrimination, child labor, disabled workers, turnover rate, and the unemployment rate.
From the Paper
"Chinese law does not set an official, uniform, national minimum wage, ostensibly to reflect the vastly different expenses of living in various provinces. Instead, it allows local governments to determine their own standards on minimum wages. But although China has no official flat minimum wage, and this varies by province (causing a certain amount of consternation between urban and rural areas and the wage rate discrepancy,) to give a rough idea of how minimum wages are calculated, in a story about new hourly minimum wage regulations in Zhangzhou (Fujian) comes the formula for calculating such wages. "The hourly minimum wage standard = [(the monthly minimum wage 20.92 8) * (1+ the proportion of the premium paid by the enterprise for each worker's retirement and basic medical insurance)] * (1+ fluctuation coefficient). The fluctuation coefficient takes into account the differences between temporary or casual workers and full-time personnel with regard to stability, working conditions and the intensity of the job, and the difference in welfare provided. ("Zhangzhou ceding xiaoshi zuidi gongzi [Zhangzhou determines the minimum hourly wage]," Haixia dushibao [Strait News], 01 July 2004, Cited by Stephen Frost on July 2, 2004)"
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Labor Relations In China, 2002.
Discusses changing labor management and relations in China.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 39.95
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Abstract
Discusses changing labor management and relations in China. Impact of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Availability of large pool of labor. Employee-employer relations. Unions. Worker's Councils. Profit sharing. Working conditions. Fringe benefits. Hours worked; holidays and vacations. Termination of employees. Foreign personnel; work permits.
From the Paper
"Labor Relations in China
Labor Relations
The concepts of labor management and labor relations as they are understood in the Western World are basically unrealized in China today, although that situation is changing rapidly, and, most experts agree, will probably change more as China become fully vested as a World Trade Organization member.
Availability of Labor
According to a special report on labor in China, as of June 1, 2000, there were more than 200 million people earning work wages, and half of them are affiliated with labor unions. However, those wages typically average $20 to $30 U.S. a week. Likewise, most of the available labor is moving to the cities along the coasts, where the wages are higher, sometimes reaching $400 a month. There is, the ..."
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China's Patent Law, 2001.
Focus on international policy; Qualcom's CDMA patents, impact of 1992 revisions to law, intellectual property rights.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Until 1984, when the first Patent Law of the People?s Republic of China was passed, the government of China afforded no patent protection to foreigners (Moser and Ho 453). Along with legislation involving trademark, copyright, and intellectual property rights, China?s patent laws have signaled the Republic?s desire to open its doors to new technology transfer (Shan 1). Though, in its original form, China?s Patent Law fell short of international standards, amendments passed in 1992 have brought the law in line with the international community (Global Sources).
Cultural hurdles faced by the government in enforcing the patent protection it affords have been aggressively pursued. The characteristically Chinese concept of technology as a ..."
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Labour's Labor, 2006.
A review of an article discussing the impact and damage of WWII on the British economy.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how following World War II, the British economy, its social structures, and its infrastructure, were all considerably damaged by the years of war over the European continent. Unions, as Dorfman points out, entered the post-World War II era as one of the nation's policy focal points in what would otherwise have been a political vacuum (par.1). It further discusses how in the decades following the war, Unions provided the citizenry, in the form of workers, with adequate representation within the structures of government and ensured that many policies and programs were enacted that would ensure not only work related rights and assurance but also social programs. The Unions within Britain for three decades held considerable sway over policy decisions as well as policy formulation.
From the Paper
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Copyright Laws, 2005.
This in-depth paper examines and compares the issue of copyright and their applicability in terms of the law in the U.S., U.K. and China.
11,904 words (approx. 47.6 pages), 100 sources, MLA, $ 231.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper centers on the matter of copyrighted material in terms of literary works, musical compositions, dramatic works, pantomimes and choreographic works, pictorial and multi-media packages within CD-ROMs among others. This paper focuses on the legalities of copyright in the three countries cited primarily from the point of view held by archives. The writer of this paper begins by offering a detailed definition of both archives and copyright. According to this paper, a copyright is a set of laws and rules that are established as a particular form of government with the primary goal of protecting the original works of the author. This paper delves into various concepts of copyright including its being construed as a certain specification of law within a particular field of work. The writer examines the situation in the U.K. which currently houses nearly 2,000 archive repositories of various types in England. This paper analyzes the Title 17, U.S. Code copyright law which applies and can only be enforced in the U.S. The Title 17, U.S. Code is given to original works of authorship including literary, dramatic, musical and other forms of artistic works which give the owner of the work in question the permission to reproduce said work. This paper details the significance of China's copyright laws on America while delving into the vast differences between China's perception of archived and documented material to that of the western world. The writer examines the growing field of online archives and libraries. This in-depth and informative paper also contains pertinent data and statistics relevant to this specific topic. According to published figures there are 1.5 million visits a year to archives while up to 75% of those who visit do so for private or personal research.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Archives and the Copyright Provisions in the West
Archives and the Copyright Provisions in China
Discussion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The term copyright has to be explained to some extent. Copying takes place in a number of instances and can be considered when a single copy is made of an article through photocopying, downloading pages from a Web site, or seeing a picture that has been loaded in the digital format. In all these instances, there is no violation of the rights of the copyright holder, as they may be considered to be a fair use of the facility. Since the question of copying is involved, there has to be an understanding as to whether there are violations of any rights of the copyright holder. The permissions have to be given when certain actions are involved like a movie version from a book, translation of a book into other languages, etc. In these cases, the rights of the copyright holder are involved, and it does not matter from where the person desirous of making the change got hold of the material. It depends on the copyright holder to say how the work for which they are holding copyright will be distributed to the public at large."
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Long Term Investment in China, 2005.
This paper discusses basic regulations impacting upon foreign firms seeking to invest in People's Republic of China.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the complexities involved in entering the Chinese market. The author points out Chinese labor contracts and labor laws. The paper relates the three basic laws impacting foreign businesses.
From the Paper
"While the potential for profits associated with doing business in China is substantial, many companies expanding into China have begun to recognize that transferring business operations there is fraught with complexities. As the fastest growing market on the globe, China is a desirable and ultimately necessary market; this alone dictates that manufacturers as well as firms providing support to manufacturing entities create a presence in the country. Extensive pre-investment planning is needed if this project is to be successful. "
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Sweatshops in China, 2006.
A discussion regarding the labor practices in Chinese sweatshops.
2,518 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 76.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of labor in China, focusing specifically on sweatshops and unions. The paper explores what a sweatshop is, why they still exist in China and what the American labor movement is doing to try and stop them.
Outline:
Introduction
The Outcry
Defining the Term
Focus on China
American Union Response
Chinese Worker Response
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While her case brought international attention to the issue there are hundreds of thousands of identical sweatshops throughout China employing many millions of men, women and children who are trapped in a cycle that they cannot break. The pay is so substandard that they often find they have to live with dozens of other people in a single home so that they can afford to buy food. Even given this effort the food that they can afford is often substandard therefore the nutritional needs are not being met. This cycle is difficult to break as they do not make enough money to provide for their families while they begin new jobs or careers. "
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Understanding China, 2006.
This paper examines the rich history, economy and culture of China as depicted in John Bryan Starr's "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure."
1,414 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews "Understanding China: A Guide to China's Economy, History and Political Structure" by John Bryan Starr. This paper discusses China's ancient culture and its emergence as one of the foremost powers in the modern world. This paper focuses on China's recent admission to the World Trade Organization and as well as its economy which is set to become the largest in the world within the next few years. The writer of this paper examines China's political history and contends that in spite of the country's numerous transformations, the structure of the government is today fundamentally identical with what it was under the later imperial dynasties. Today, there is no emperor at the top, but instead a small committee of the leading members of various political parties who hold much the same position. Although there had been significant changes in China's economy, few political changes transpired. The communists still hold a monopoly of power and although its economic policies scarcely seem to be communist anymore, it does not intend to relax its political grip.
From the Paper
"Starr contends that China remains one of the most self-contained and hence inscrutable countries in the world. It has an ancient culture of major historical importance, and has been emerging as one of the foremost powers of the modern world. It is the third largest country in the world and certainly the most populous, with about one-fifth of the world's total population. Modern communications make it as easy to reach Beijing from London or New York as it is to get to Singapore or Nairobi. Yet China remains little known and poorly understood; few foreigners learn its language or study its history and culture. Although foreign trade and tourism have increased dramatically in the last decade, they are only very slowly leading to any changes in foreign perceptions of China."
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The Labor Unions, 2002.
This paper presents the history of labor unions, labor law and labor relations in the United States.
2,690 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper points out that by acting on behalf of a large group, the labor unions have more power than if the employees acted alone. This paper describes and compares United Airline?s and Ford Motor Company?s labor practices and problems. This paper presents an ideal employer-labor relationship.
From the Paper
"Congress, starting to feel pressure for groups like the AFL, created the U.S. Department of Labor. The department has a mandate to protect and extend the rights of wageworkers. A children?s bureau was created. In 1914, the first law to protect workers was enacted, the Clayton Act said that ?the labor of A Human Being is not a commodity or an article of commerce.? Because of this change in the legal status of work and labor, those things were no longer subject to the Sherman Act provisions that had been the legal basis for injunctions against union organizations. The Clayton Act allowed for strikes, boycotts, peaceful picketing and dramatically limited the use of injunctions in labor disputes."
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International Business Law, 2005.
Looks at how the Multifibre deal affected China from an international law perspective.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 5 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper evaluates the significance of the Multifibre agreement for China. The paper shows that when it was removed from practice, there were a number of important consequences for trade practices throughout the world, and these issues were initiated by a number of parties, including the United States and the World Trade Organization, amongst others.
From the Paper
"During the past several decades, the ability of China to participate in various trade opportunities has been altered by a number of different agreements, which have led to consequences for the Chinese government. These issues have made considerable attempts to limit China's trade options due to their questionable activities in world trade. One such agreement, known as the Multifibre Arrangement, which provided some restrictive clauses regarding trade opportunities, particularly for China. The World Trade Organization, the European Union, and the United States have served as formidable influences in limiting trade and relations with China as a result of their widespread Communist activities and rule. The following discussion will evaluate the role of these issues in greater detail, emphasizing the importance of the Multifibre Arrangement and other measures taken to protect world trade from the detrimental influence of Chinese rule."
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USA and China Hostilities, 2008.
This paper addresses the issues of America's trade imbalance with China and China's industrial spying.
1,396 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses America's trade imbalance with China that is fueled by China's failure to prevent copyright infringement and the sale of counterfeit goods as well as China's artificial currency devaluation. The paper also looks at the issue of Chinese spies stealing industrial secrets from American and European firms. The paper provides suggestions for improvement and argues that America needs to peacefully use their economic position to force China to compete fairly. The paper asserts that America should use legal, diplomatic and media pressure to force China to behave ethically.
From the Paper
"The United States and China have a long history of hostility and distrust. In recent years this hostility has centered on several economic issues. These include America's trade imbalance with China, a deficit fueled in part by a huge Chinese market in pirated American intellectual property and brand name knock-offs. Further, U.S. and European firms claim that Chinese industrial spies have stolen technology for products ranging from computer chips to cruise missiles."
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China and the World Trade Organization (WTO), 2002.
An examination of how China finally gained entry into the WTO in November 2001.
1,387 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
A paper discussing all aspects of China being admitted into the World Trade Organization in 2001 after having been denied entry repeatedly in the past. Discussion includes China's expectation of being one of the main powers in the WTO after the United States and Europe. One of the main advantages discussed is the financial impact of globalization on China's labor force.
From the Paper
"China is expected to become one of the main entities in the World Trade Organization, next to the United States and Europe. Besides becoming the dominant power in Asia, what this also means for China is that they could possibly see their unemployment rate surge if imports from member nations are now allowed to flood the market. Becoming the dominant power in Asia could be a direct result of China's entrance into the World Trade Organization. Some of the many advantages of growth and development for China now that they are involved in free trade and globalization through the World Trade Organization are quite varied."
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Organizational Management in Canada and China, 2006.
A comparison of Canada's and China's organizational management of labor policy.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper considers organizational management through the lens of corporate labor management in Canada and China. It is shown that culture matters when managing corporations, as the different approaches to labor in Canada and China are found to influence the ways business operates in those countries. Some suggestions are made for how labor management can be handled as globalization increases.
From the Paper
"It has only been with the recent introduction of market-based initiatives, coupled with the incredible growth of the economy and the emergence of an industrial sector, that the possibility for organizing has arisen. So what are the relevant characteristics of corporate management of labor for our analysis here? Peter Chow argues that the incredible rise of the Chinese economy has been driven by two major factors: (1) effective transition of agricultural workers to industrial jobs, and (2) infusion of direct foreign investment. Both of these developments has been critical, he argues, but he suggests that for the global economy it is the foreign investment that holds most potential to impact labor's standing in China."
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Doing Business with China, 2006.
This paper examines "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" by Daniel Burstein and Arne de Keijzer who both contend that China is well on its way to becoming the world's largest economy.
2,496 words (approx. 10.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews Burstein and de Keijzer's "Big Dragon China's Future: What it Means for Business, the Economy, and the Global Order" in which both authors predict that by the 2030s China will be the world's largest economy. This paper discusses the various companies that have suffered due to the shifting politics of foreign policy between China being in favor one day and out the next. This paper also details the views of Jeffrey Garten, a writer for "Harvard Business Review" who sees China as enticement for foreign investors, yet stresses caution should be used in developing any business relationship with China. This well-written paper covers several areas regarding China's economy including a U.S. initiative supporting China's membership in the World Trade Organization, expansion of U.S. public-private partnerships to invest and help solve particular problems in China and development of China's policy mutually with U.S. allies. "Big Dragon" profiles many individual Chinese entrepreneurs and others who are bringing a new China into being. This paper also focuses on Zhang Wei, one of China's more successful entrepreneurs, who went from government researcher to heading a company employing 400 in only three years. Despite the differences between practices in China and other countries, many corporations are willing to take a big gamble on China, seeing that their future is dependent on their performance in China.
From the Paper
"Over the course of his history, Zhang has captured the essence of the Chinese business world of "catch-as-catch-can". His corporation has various types of holdings, often-different one from the other. Zhang has bridged the gap across the Pacific with the United States with his position of "master franchise holder in China" of an American company, Fun World. What makes this situation particularly unique is that it is one of the first companies in China "to buy an interest in a U.S. company." At the time Big Dragon was written, Zhang was "negotiating an arrangement that would shift manufacturing of all the equipment for the centers to China." Zhang hopes to take the U.S. company over altogether, including the export of the concept to "other countries and selling the franchisees Chinese-made equipment." Zhang has encountered some problems along the way, problems that are compounded by China's culture and lack of laws, which govern specific business issues. One is that franchisees have stolen the company name and have opened their own centers."
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Lessons for the Labor Movement, 2007.
An analysis of the history and development of labor and labor organizations in Canada.
1,059 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the positive and negative lessons that history can provide to today's unions and trade unions in Canada. It describes the influence that the state and the nature of the economy have on labor and labor organizations and their activities. The paper also discusses trade unions and their role, as well as other developments in the history of the labor movement. Finally the paper looks at fthe ree market economy and its implications in increasing job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks.
From the Paper
"Free market economy increased job insecurity and wage and benefit rollbacks and continues to be the basis of today's economy in Canada. The labor movement of today is faced with these challenges as well as the relocation and closing down of many industrial plants and factories all over Canada. Also, today Canada's labor movement needs to have a broader agenda as it faces with all the challenges of the global economy as well as the effects of the decline of state intervention within the context of this new global economy. It also needs to recognize the cultural, social and ethnic diversity that makes up the Canadian workforce today. Additionally it has to become concerned with the status of part-time and temporary employees whose number is increasing steadily, as many employers are cutting out full-time jobs with full benefits."
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