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The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), 2002.
An in-depth analysis of COPPA and how it has affected websites, so far.
3,420 words (approx. 13.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 96.95
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Abstract
This paper goes through a detailed history of COPPA. The writer begins by discussing why this law was legislated and what the initiators hoped to achieve. It then looks at how the law is practically applied and who it affects. It further discusses court cases brought as a result of COPPA through May of 2002, and ways companies can avoid using COPPA.
From the Paper
"Privacy and freedom of speech have been struggling against each other for ages, but especially since the inception of the Internet. Millions of people go online every day for information, e-mail, and other uses, and many of those people have an expectation of privacy. Cookies, SPAM in e-mail, and websites sharing information with third parties are just some of the privacy issues that have become hot button items for debate. While some legislation has been introduced to regulate what goes on online, not much of it has been successful. One of the pieces that has passed, however, and made quite a stir, is the Children?s Online Privacy Protection Act."
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The Consumer Protection Act, 2005.
This paper discusses the Consumer Protection Act and examines its implications with regards to real estate matters.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six page graduate paper examines the Consumer Protection Act. The author notes that in examining how the Consumer Protection Act relates to real estate and real estate transactions, it is evident that the CPA reflects the fundamental principle of protecting prospective buyers from sellers who are tempted to engage in deception and fraud. Consumer protection laws, many of which have been incorporated into the Consumer Protection Act, mandate that a seller cannot generally take any action or fail to take any action that may result in a consumer being deceived or misled through false claims, ambiguity, exaggeration, or innuendo.
From the Paper
"In examining how the Consumer Protection Act relates to real estate and real estate transactions, it is evident that the CPA reflects the fundamental principle of protecting prospective buyers from sellers who are tempted to engage in deception and fraud. Consumer protection laws, many of which have been incorporated into the Consumer Protection Act, mandate that a seller cannot generally take any action or fail to take any action that may result in a consumer being deceived or misled through false claims, ambiguity, exaggeration, or innuendo."
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Pension Protection Act of 2006, 2008.
A case study to determine whether the Pension Protection Act of 2006 does or does not protect employees as well as, costs (if any) related to the Act.
9,948 words (approx. 39.8 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 201.95
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Abstract
This case study explores the costs an employee incurs for a pension plan from Everest Reinsurance [U.S. Company) prior to, as well as after, the ratification of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. During the course of this study effort, the researcher provides a detailed review of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, a unique, contemporary law that affects companies across the U.S. The researcher also assesses and analyzes information relating to Everest Reinsurance, a company based in New Jersey. Staff of Everest Reinsurance, along with the company's employees enrolled in the 401 (K) plan, founded by Prudential Financial, constitute this study's population.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
From the Paper
"This case study explores the costs an employee incurs for a Pension Plan from Everest Reinsurance [U.S. Company), prior to, as well as, after the ratification of the Pension Protection Act of 2006. During the course of this study effort, this researcher provides a detailed review of the Pension Protection Act of 2006, a unique, contemporary law that affects companies across the U.S. This researcher also assesses and analyzes information relating to Everest Reinsurance, a company based in New Jersey. Staff of Everest Reinsurance, along with the company's employees enrolled in the 401 (K) plan, founded by Prudential Financial, constitute this study's population. In addition to fulfilling the Aim for this study, analyzing pension plan prices before and after the "New Act", this researcher expects to identify the number of employees currently participating in the plan, as well as, note individuals not enrolled in the plan, prior to the Pension Protection Act of 2006 becoming effective. After this stage of the study is complete, this researcher then researches and ascertains the cost of the Pension Protection Act of 2006 per employee. With these calculations completed, this researcher expects to calculate the cost impact of "the Plan". When this researcher completes this step, the researcher should have assessed enough material to determine the additional costs the Act added to employee expenses, versus the previous costs for employees prior to the Pension Protection Act of 2006 enactment. "
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Sarbanes-Oxley Investor Protection Act, 2004.
An examination of the Sarbanes-Oxley Investor Protection Act of 2002, which establishes new guidelines for the securities industry.
7,951 words (approx. 31.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 171.95
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Abstract
This report covers the Investor Protection Act of 2002, its development in Congress, its historical context, what it means to accountants and organizations, how it has developed in the last year, and how it is expected to develop in the future. Particular interest is paid to how it is expected to eliminate risk by preventing companies from certain moral hazards previously associated with the securities fraud that was feared to have become pandemic among equity analysts by late 2001. The report also questions whether the intrinsic problems associated with irrational exuberance and the issuing of recommendations are successfully addressed by the new legislation.
From the Paper
"The political pressure of the past several years following the dot.com bubble and the collapse of several major companies created a need for new securities legislation, which culminated last year in the Sarbanes-Oxley Investor Protection Act, which establishes new guidelines for the securities industry. Initially a Democratic brainchild, the act became favored by Republicans in the House when it was realized that such adjustments would be of great benefit to shareholder value in that they enhanced general financial stability. This is the most prominent piece of financial legislation since the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the early 1930?s. The most widely recognized feature of the new legislation, which was introduced in 1992, is that board members are held personally and criminally liable for the accounting practices that the company employees. This act also establishes guidelines as to the coverage of securities by sell-side analysts who face a conflict of interest in offering objective advice about the financial nature of companies that their firm is issuing debt."
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The Data Protection Act from a European Perspective, 2001.
Looks at the legal issues associated with the 1998 Data Protection Act (within the European Union).
3,140 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 12 sources, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the legal issues that small to medium-sized electronic commerce enterprises face from the 1998 Data Protection Act (within the European Union).
From the Paper
"The 1998 Data Protection Act puts legal constraints upon Small to Medium sized Enterprises. The new Act does not venture far from the rules set down by its predecessor, but principle seven and eight now assert that an individuals personal data should be held securely, and should not be transferred to a country outside the European Union with inadequate Data Protection laws. Trade between Small to Medium sized Enterprises inside the European Union with organisations outside have now become difficult, even illegal in certain circumstances. Organisations across the World are now defining ground breaking legal models for World Wide Data Protection. It is seen as only a matter of time before its implementation."
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Privacy Protection Legislation, 2007.
This paper explores IT solutions to data integrity and protection.
2,983 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the need for personal data and information security within the context of business and industry. The paper focuses on the role of IT and the IT professional in this new dimension of organization wide operations, vis-a-vis ethics and accountability as well as compliance. The paper shows how IT has been moved to the forefront of business strategy and strategic solutions. The paper considers that encryption of all personal data and information is the most optimum solution.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Privacy Protection Legislation
Technology & Privacy Laws
Corporate Responsibility
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Data and information security, both in the private and public sector, has launched information and technology (IT) to the forefront of business operations across all industries. Where IT previously fulfilled a quiet but vital support role in most organizations, it now occupies a seat in corporate boardrooms where core strategies are formulated. IT solutions to data and personal information security are front and center in numerous state and federal laws and regulations passed recently such as SP 1386 in California, the HIPAA provisions, as well as related issues contained in Sarbanes-Oxley legislation targeting public corporation oversight and regulation. Determining the appropriate and most effective IT solution to data integrity and protection is a driving concern across most industries today and fully understanding the issues involved is requisite to risk mitigation and compliance."
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Anti-Cybersquatting Protection Act, 2001.
A brief discussion of the Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act. Discusses how liability is established under the Act and criticisms of it.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 12 sources, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This is a paper on the recent developments behind the ACPA. The paper includes: a brief history behind the development of the ACPA, a definition of what a ?cybersquatter? is and why the ACPA is needed, a thorough discussion of how the law determines liability under the ACPA, real world examples where people were prosecuted under the provisions of the ACPA, remedies available to people suing under the ACPA and criticisms of the ACPA.
From the Paper
"The ACPA seems to have been a gallant attempt on the part of legislators to address a problem which when the Act was initially drafted, probably appeared to be a much more grave problem than it is today. With the not-so-sudden realization by many companies that they cannot depart from traditional business ideals (i.e. making a profit) simply because they host websites on the Internet, ?cybersquatting? may have had its heyday in the late 1990?s. Still, the ACPA is premised upon well-recognized principles of Trademark Law, which seek to protect consumers, while distinguishing and identifying the sources of specific goods. In that sense, the ACPA fulfills the objectives of the legislators by attempting to discourage individuals from using domain marks improperly, while at the same time requiring plaintiffs to demonstrate that the use in question was accomplished in bad faith."
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The Internet, Privacy Protection and Anonymous Usage, 2002.
Discusses privacy issues in relation to the internet, using an article by Wayne Heiser as a reference.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to an article by Wayne Heiser's on the threat that appears to individuals and business interests by way of cyber-technology, in our inability to control access to the Internet with democratic laws. The very important idea is that of privacy which Heiser explains is quite a new privilege and worry, not a basic right. At the same time, anonymous or pseudonymous use of the Internet should continue. It is one of a very few private rights that can be carried over into a new age that is bringing to the 'front' our ideas of free will, privacy, expression and access to information.
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The Internet and Privacy Protection, 2002.
Discusses the issues of privacy in this era of communication over the internet, using Wayne Heiser's on-line article as a reference.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper refers to Wayne Heiser's discussion of the threat posed to individuals and business interests by cyber-technology. Heiser's paper appears on-line, offering a clear review of different issues that are at stake when we refer to both the right of privacy and how this is threatened by the new technology. It seems that the revolution of cyber-technology demands that we examine past attitudes and expectations in awareness of a changed environment in which predicted kinds of privacy may no longer be possible.
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Protection of Privacy, 2004.
A discussion of tort law and the protection of privacy in British law.
8,230 words (approx. 32.9 pages), 26 sources, MLA, $ 175.95
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Abstract
A consideration of the impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 on the development of tort law for the protection of privacy in the United Kingdom. The writer includes some of the more famous cases of tort law to explain the theory. The paper also compares the status of privacy protection in the UK with other European countries.
Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Europeanization of the United Kingdom
Freedom of Speech and Privacy in the UK Today
Trends and Initiatives
Implications for Privacy and Free Speech in the UK
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1998, the United Kingdom enacted the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA), which incorporated into UK law the rights and freedoms guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights. Furthermore, citizens in the United Kingdom enjoy the security of a web of consumer protection laws and regulations, ranging from regulations enacted by the European Union (of which the UK is a member), to directives enacted by the UK, to acts of entities such as the Scottish Parliament. This array of protections may itself pose a problem, though, since the consumer may have difficulty in ascertaining how and under which laws to obtain redress of grievances. In addition, the totality of protections still falls somewhat short of those proposed by the United Nations."
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The Privacy Act of 1974, 2008.
An analysis of the Privacy Act of 1974 and how it related to educational institutions.
1,495 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the Privacy Act of 1974. It discusses the purpose of the Act and then focuses on how it related to educational institutions in addition to federal agencies, specifically the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA). The paper also outlines the four basic policy objectives put forward by the Department of Justice in the original 1974 legislation.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Additional Background Into Federal Responses To Citizen Privacy Issues
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)
From the Paper
"The DOE fact sheet informs schools and other interested parties, however, that because of terrorist attacks, amendments made in 2002 to FERPA throw the privacy clauses pretty much out the window. New regulations allow educational institutions to disclose - "without the consent or knowledge of the student or parent" - any person private information on any individual student that the Attorney General of the United States requests. It goes further: under the FERPA's amended policies (20 U.S.C. 1232g(b)(4) C.F.R. 99.32) the school official who discloses personal information to an agency of the federal government (responding to an ex parte order) does not have to record that he or she made that disclosure."
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The Patriot Act and Privacy, 2008.
This paper discusses the Patriot Act in relation to issues of privacy.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 26.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the USA Patriot Act was introduced in response to the acts of terrorism on September 11, 2001. The writer points out that the Act included many amendments to many important statutes. The writer maintains that because the Act was passed with speed and few questions, the Act is void of significant legislative background that allows for interpretation of statutes. This paper discusses the Act and looks at a few of the claims that the Act does not allow for a system of "check and balances" that protects civil rights when such Acts are put into place.
Outline:
Abstract
A Brief History
Privacy and Surveillance Laws Affected
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Title III involved the tapping of data communication and voice communication. Required was probable cause which is a very high standard to meet. The Electronic Communications Privacy Act or ECPA deals with the accessibility of stored electronic communications such as email. ECPA deals specifically with real time dial of phone numbers with the specific intent of transmitting information. This information is not required to have probable cause. As a result no discretion by the courts exists and the court has to allow the surveillance by a certifying government agency. The information that is trying to be captured, as certified by a government attorney, need only be important for a criminal investigation that is ongoing. As a result, very little protection exists for individuals typically found in wiretapping statutes. Another Act is the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. This Act allows for electronic surveillance to be used against anyone suspected that a target, hard or soft, is of foreign intelligence or power is their goal for harm."
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Personal Information Protection and Electronic Data Act, 2008.
An overview of the Canadian Personal Information Protection and Electronic Data Act, otherwise known as PIPEDA.
1,699 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how a new privacy act instated by the Federal government and recent developments in governmental policies, have potential implications in contradiction of the guarantees set out by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. It argues that PIPEDA was brought into effect to appease economic trade more than to protect Canadian citizens and how the right to privacy seems to be compromised by the government's desire for more control, under the guise of "protection" by this new act.
From the Paper
"Another scenario being proposed by the Privacy Commissioner would be the inclusion of monitoring of our communications, proposal of national ID cards with biometric identifiers as well as the government support of police video surveillance of public streets. These proposals will allow the government to keep files of personal information for any one of us arbitrarily. All of these proposals directly contravene our rights to privacy as given to us by the Charter, which maintains that "Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of the person and the right not to be deprived thereof except in accordance with the principals of
fundamental justice". Perhaps Mr. Orwell was correct: Big Brother really is watching us. Our fundamental right to security of person being may be being compromised."
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Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972, 1992.
A critical analysis of the Ocean Dumping Act including amendments, legislative aspects, implementation and court cases.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 11 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
" In 1972, Congress passed the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act1, popularly known as the Ocean Dumping Act, in response to concerns that dumping of waste materials into the ocean was polluting commercial shellfish beds, causing large fishkills, and generally becoming a threat to both marine and human health. Passage of the Ocean Dumping Act was the beginning of new congressional interest in the disposal of waste in the marine environment. Since 1972, concern regarding several important issues, most notably the dumping of municipal sewer sludge, has led to both litigation and further legislative action, including the Ocean Dumping Ban of 1988."
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE OCEAN DUMPING ACT
Although only approximately ten percent of the total volume
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Women's Health and Human Life Protection, 2006.
Presents a memorandum on HB 1215 - Women's Health and Human Life Protection Act - and includes a voting recommendation.
809 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that HB 1215, or the Women's Health and Human Life Protection Act, bans all abortions in the state of South Dakota, except if necessary to save the mother's life. The writer notes that sponsors and supporters of this bill believe that abortion is wrong because unborn children are the most vulnerable members of society. The writer then points out that such supporters designed this bill to challenge the Supreme Court's ruling in "Roe v. Wade", which defines the current U.S. law on abortion. The writer then points out that many Americans believe it is immoral for the government to interfere with their fellow citizens' private reproductive decisions, and that passing HB 1215 might result in extensive political conflicts. The writer therefore proposes to vote against HB 1215.
Outline:
Introduction
Key Points
Argument for Voting against HB 1215
Recommendation
From the Paper
"In fact, existing law mandates a 24-hour waiting period and counseling prior to the procedure. Girls under the age of 16 must also notify a parent. No South Dakota doctor will perform the procedure therefore the Sioux Falls Planned Parenthood Clinic is the sole clinic that agrees to do so once a week, flying in doctors from Minnesota. Consequently, only 0.2%, or approximately 800 out of a total 390,000 South Dakota women will opt for an abortion annually."
"Should HB 1215 be signed into law, abortion opponents are confident Roe v. Wade could be overturned. So far, 14 states have considered bills that would ban abortion in all or most cases, according to NARAL Pro-Choice America. This ban may set a precedent and swing the vote in those states, including nearly every state in the South and some of the states across the industrial Rust Belt, states that have already enacted most of the abortion restrictions now allowed."
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