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Childhood in English Literature, 2009.
An analysis of childhood as a theme in English literature from the 17th century until today.
1,553 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
The paper explores how our notions of childhood have changed through the centuries and proceeds to show that childhood stands at the heart of many works of literature from which it was initially thought absent. The paper discusses the style of works in the 17th century and conveys the 18th century view on childhood as seen in the works of Bonhote, Rousseau, Eliot, Blake and Wordsworth. The paper then identifies the theme in the literature of the 19th century, as seen in the works of Charles Dickens, Lewis Carroll and Harriet Beecher Stowe. Next, the paper looks briefly at contemporary 20th century authors and relates that from this century onwards, there has been a global and unprecedented interest in childhood.
From the Paper
"In 1960, Philippe Aries advanced the hypothesis that the idea of childhood was practically inexistent before the early modern period. The controversy about the existence or absence of the idea prior to that time in history gave rise to a host of studies on childhood. But what does the word "childhood" mean? Our awareness that it refers to a distinct period of human life is natural but how do we determine its duration? How long does childhood last? Many psychologists and Children's Studies specialists have emitted an opinion on the subject and they have come to the conclusion that "childhood" is a complex term. All have agreed that it refers to a set of experiences and behaviours, characteristic for the earlier part of our lives, meant to prepare us for adulthood and active life."
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Childhood Innocence in Literature, 2005.
This paper discusses the subject of childhood innocence in 'Treasure Island' and 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn'.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer explains that to understand childhood innocence in Treasure Island and Huckleberry Finn it is helpful to have an understanding of what constitutes childhood in these novels. This paper attempts to explain that concept, followed by an explanation of why childhood innocence is difficult to have in literature at the time that Mark Twain and Robert Louis Stevenson were writing. It then examines the concept of childhood innocence in both Treasure Island and Huckleberry Finn, comparing and contrasting the texts' themes in its depiction.
From the Paper
"One frequently explored theme in the nineteenth century was that of childhood innocence. At that time, it was not unusual for children to be thought of as "little adults." Although they were given shelter and education by their parents, children were often pulled out of school to help with work on the farm or in family businesses. Children, therefore, were allowed to be children as long as the harvest or other work didn't interfere."
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Literature Review and Analysis: Culture and Development, 2008.
A review of literature regarding childhood development in diverse cultural contexts.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of cultural variations on childhood development, by looking closer at the research that already exists on the topic. It holds that existing literature does not pay enough attention to the impact of culture, especially regarding the parent-child relationship, on developmental psychology. While the role of parenting has been long recognized as an important component in development, this recognition has existed mostly devoid of cultural context. The paper argues that culture does have an influence on development, and will consequently have an influence on any planned intervention strategy. The paper concludes that what is critically needed is further research into the subject to demonstrate statistically viable methods for conducting important therapies and interventions in different cultural settings that are backed by legitimate theory and research.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review and Analysis
Current Limitations of Family Therapy Theory
Importance of Cultural Context
Emerging Picture of Culture's Effects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"On a theoretical level, developmental psychologists and theorists have been plagued by the same impulses that beset researchers in most disciplines: the desire to devise a single, all-encompassing theory. What dedicated researcher doesn't dream of a single theory that can provide all of the answers for all of the questions that have been (and will be) asked? This impulse has led to the creation of many theories, such as attachment theory, that strive toward a grand theory of development. But attachment theory has been exaggerated in its usefulness to explain actual instances of childhood development. Lamb (2005) concludes that development is much too complex, owing largely to the complicating effects of culture, to be easily reduced to a single theoretical approach. Contrary to the tenets of attachment theory, empirical data has consistently shown that there is more to development than just the parent-child relationship (though, admittedly, this is an important component)."
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Experiences in an Internship, 2009.
An examination of the writer's experiences in an internship program and how these experiences complemented his education.
1,936 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper defines and discusses the goals of an internship in the higher educational process. The paper then focuses on the experiences of the writer in an internship that he completed in South Korea at a company called LG Household & Healthcare as an assistant to a brand manager. The paper describes the writer's role at the company and how the experience complemented his education.
Table of Contents:
What is an Internship?
Internship Title
Marketing Relation
Internship Philosophy
Defining Moments
From the Paper
"As an intern I made contacts that I would never have had before and learned a little bit more about multi-national business, an area of great interest to me. If I seek employment in an international firm, domestic or otherwise after graduation I will look upon this experience as the core reason for doing so and as a basis for understanding how multinational marketing works. Multinational, i.e. global work environments are the future of marketing and business and internships are one of the only ways that many people will ever experience what that means without making costly professional decisions regarding long term international employment. The internship becomes then an integral step in marketing professionals seeking and learning about what it means to be a marketing professional in a global business world. All marketing majors should do at least one internship as students and where resources allow it should be stressed that a global internship would be preferable and at the very least a multinational company internship that operates domestically."
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Children's Literature, 2008.
This paper looks at child characters acting as adults in literature, focusing on 'The Ozma of Oz' by Frank Baum and 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' by Lewis Carroll.
1,715 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that there are many examples in children's literature where child characters act as adults. The writer points out that the characterizations of Alice in 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' as well as Dorothy in 'Ozma of Oz are excellent examples of the phenomena in literature. The writer also points out that the reality of the phenomena is that, for the most part children's literature is created by adults, and these same adults, as children wish they had been able to act as adults, upon the arbitrary world of adults. The main characters in these two works demonstrate this phenomenon by calmly dealing with the world around them as if they had years of adult conflicts under their belt, as the desire to be recognized as having power, as a child demonstrates a desire to emulate adults and therefore resolve the arbitrary conflicts that occur in the adult world. The writer concludes that part of the the purpose of the writer is to recount the innocence of a child, and still manage to fulfill one's obligations as an adult. The writer maintains that the children in these two fantastic stories are reflecting the need to remember the fantasy of childhood as well as the obligations of adulthood, without losing either.
From the Paper
"The resolution to resolve the arbitrary conflicts of adults, in the magical world of mystery, as well as in the real world are clear intentions of personal growth. To act as an adult, and to have the influence of an adult, is the aspiration of all children, especially in a world where such actions are recognized as brave and necessary. Adults who write works of fiction for children, remember their own days as children, being unable to navigate the mysteries of the adult world and wishing more than anything to have influence over them. The reflection of the desire, as a child to understand and resolve the mystery of the adult world is reflected in fantasy. Childhood is a period of clarity and innocence, that writers of children's works wish to retell to children of the younger generations. There is no sense of real childhood fear, as the innocence of a child drives his or her clarity in the world of adults, no matter the level of mystery. The idea of personal growth and influence, drives the child's actions, and the child seeks this recognition in the real as well as the world of imagination. Upon waking, Alice's sister, now an adult recognizes in Alice's recalled dream the nature of children and the need to remain innocent."
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Near-Death Experiences, 2007.
A discussion on the validity of near-death experiences.
1,261 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of near-death experiences. Specifically, the paper discusses the reality of near-death experiences and whether they exist or not. The paper explores how stories about near-death experiences (NDE) have become almost commonplace in our modern culture. The paper further examines how many studies into this phenomenon have occurred and many of them explain near-death experiences as the body's reaction to tremendous stress. The paper discusses how there is much debate about whether they actually exist, concluding that whether they exist or not, to those experiencing NDEs, they are very real.
From the Paper
"The first real written study of near-death experiences occurred in 1926 by Englishman Sir William Barrett. He compiled many experiences he and his wife (both doctors) had seen with patients during their last moments of life. Two researchers note, "Barrett found that in their visions the dying see dead persons who have come to take them away to a heavenly abode. He also found that such visions often occur when the mind of the patient is clear and rational, and that they sometimes portray what the dying do not expect" (Osis & Haraldsson, 1997, p. 18)."
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Love in Literature, 2007.
This paper describes various ways love is portrayed in literature.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the concept that love as portrayed in literature may affect one's personal expectations of romance. The paper analyzes an article by Robert J. Sternberg, who suggests that individuals can write their own love stories. Additionally, he cites the impact of childhood stories of love on adults' expectations. Sternber's article cites three literary works--a poem by James Dickey entitled "Cherrylog Road," a short story by Susan Glaspell entitled, "A Jury of Her Peers", and the famous play by Oscar Wilde, "The Importance of Being Earnest." In each of these works an important message about love is conveyed.
From the Paper
"Within literature there are countless replayed stories of romantic or sometimes not so romantic love. The stories we see in our heads, as children that dictate our expectations of the future are according to Sternberg reflective of how our lives, and more specifically our love lives will eventually be played out. Literature is a reflection of the stories we know of love, the good the bad and the indifferent, through the eyes of the writer and through the memories of the reader. "At some level, lay people recognize what many psychologists don't: that the love between two people follows a story. If we want to understand love, we have to understand the stories that dictate our beliefs and expectations of love." (Sternberg 52)"
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Near-Death Experiences, 2008.
A comprehensive overview of near death experiences.
7,125 words (approx. 28.5 pages), 37 sources, APA, $ 159.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses near death experiences, providing some historical background and literature on the subject, particularly from S. Blackmore who analyzed some of the most famous and ancient near death stories, many of which are fictional but according to the author still relevant to the discussion, as they do tend to follow a particular pattern.
Outline:
NDI Definition
Historical Perspectives
Studies/Research/Literature Review
Difficulties & Limitations of Conducting NDE studies; Reliability & Validity Medical Theories (Biological/Physiological Causes)
Psychological Theories (Psychodynamics, Jung, Parapsychology, Object-Relations etc.
Alternative Explanations ("Scientific Naysayers" - Atwater)
Near-Death Look-a-Likes (e.g., NDE vs. MPD;
Various Types of Experiences (Children vs. Adults) - based on case studies
Demographic, Cross-Cultural (e.g., African American, Mapuche, Sri Lanka, Thailand, India, Native American, Australia, Euro-American, etc.), and Religious Factors
Meanings & Aftereffects (Psychological & Physiological)
Mental Health Professionals' Attitudes and Knowledge
Commonly reported patient expectations of mental health clinicians
Clinical Dilemma
Clinical Implications & Interventions
From the Paper
"From this inquiry has come analysis of historical literature, regarding near death stories. Blackmore in 1993 offers a brief but effective analysis of some of the most famous and ancient of near death stories, many of which are fictional but according to the author still relevant to the discussion, as they do tend to follow a particular pattern, that is significantly influenced by context and theology but that is also patterned much like the Moody timeline. Blackmore's first example is Plato's famous story of return from death found in the Republic. (Blackmore, 1993, p. 8)"
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Abortion Experiences, 2002.
A philosophical look at abortion through a study set up to monitor abortion experiences.
1,987 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to determine the moral and ethical actions of abortion through the analysis of the experiences of different women who have undergone abortions. These women were willing to discuss their thought processes about the abortion and what led them to the decision and their experiences were recorded so as to introduce a documented group. This paper discusses the method, sampling, data collection, and data analysis used and findings. It concludes that there is no one right answer to any moral question and there is also no clear connection between abortion and one's social/economic status.
From the Paper
"When asking the question 'is abortion right or wrong', clearly, an individual?s moral standard is as it relates to his own existence. It is not expected that an aboriginal comprehend the concept of American ethics when he still utilizes wooden sticks as eating utensils. Similarly, one cannot believe that just because a certain ethical code is respected in one area of the world that it is the only code worth respecting. Indeed, everything is relative to each individual?s own existence, including what is required for that individual?s own survival."
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"Experiences in Groups", 2008.
A personal account of how Wilfred Bion's work, "Experiences in Groups" can be related to working in group or individual settings.
817 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Wifred Bion's 1961 work, "Experiences in Groups." It suggests that through this work, one can understand how to successfully organize and motivate individuals through reviving their innate place within a supportive work group in order to accomplish goals and expectations. The paper relates Bion's work to the writer's own experiences of working within group and individual settings.
From the Paper
"My examination of these theories has offered me insight into my own group and individual situations in everyday life. By understanding how Work Avoidance truly works in decision making, I can try to avoid it as much as possible. From now on, I will attempt to use the successful group working strategy rather than allow my fate to be placed in the responsibility of another, including a messiah. Sometimes, all you want is to be saved, but eventually you will realize that there is no one out more equip to save you from your situation that yourself. After reading and analyzing Bion's work and theories on group interaction and behavior, I will definitely attempt to make the extra effort in working through my problems rather than taking a simpler way out or letting the group influence me into believing that avoiding the situation will somehow resolve the conflict. There is a certain power involved with taking charge within your own life and also within a group. By seeing what could happen if I let the group tae control of me, I now know that I want to take charge of the group and direct them into an active decision making process, instead of letting them take a back seat and avoid the work needed to be successful in situations."
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A History of African American Women Experiences, 2001.
A look at Western black women's experiences in history, concentrating on the 1870's-90's.
1,840 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses African American women in history, focusing on Western black women?s experiences in history. It briefly discusses African-American women in the East, and their slavery experience as a foundation for the opposing experience in the West. It concentrates mainly on the time period of the 1870?s-90?s. Topics such as jobs, family life, segregation etc. are discussed as well.
From the Paper
"Throughout history, African American women have been exposed to a myriad of experiences that have shaped their lives in the United States. From Slavery to Freedom, many African American women struggled to overcome the various prejudices, and obstacles that have strove to halt their aspirations. Following the abolishment of slavery in the United States, a large population of African Americans found they were facing the dilemma of what the near future would bring. Consequently, many freedmen and women had resolved to migrate to the Western United States, to start a new life in this vast land of opportunity."
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Families' Experiences and Life-Support Withdrawal, 2007.
An examination of families' experiences when deciding to remove life-sustaining interventions in the intensive care unit (ICU).
3,164 words (approx. 12.7 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 91.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the experience of family members who are engaged in decision-making related to the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining interventions from another family member. It explains that the methodology used consists of a sample of four to five families who are contacted through ICU family conferences in one or two hospitals in which the conferences are concerned with the withholding or withdrawal of life support from a family member. The paper looks at how certain factors may be identified from family members' experiences that help to determine why the decision-making process is subject to wide variation.
The paper also notes that it is expected that certain family members engage in more effective decision making than others and that particular families engage in more effective decision making than other families. The paper highlights the fact that family decisions are rendered easier or more problematic by such variables as the person's prognosis, whether an acute or chronic illness is involved, perceived quality of life, degree of suffering, and the presence of an advance directive. The paper concludes that preparation for death most especially needs to be based in a team approach, and the emphasis should be upon the relationship between nurses and families and that the future needs of the family should be proactively considered once death has occurred.
From the Paper
"Nurses and other healthcare providers normally initiate the discussion that lead to withdrawal of life-support but patients and families make the final decision. The experience of decision making is different for family members when an acute illness is involved from a situation of chronic illness. After a period of denial, families of patients with acute illness or injury can recognize the need for withdrawal of support much more quickly (McHale Wiegand, 2006). Certain behaviors by healthcare providers can increase the level of distress experienced by the patient's family."
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Mentoring Experiences and Proteges, 2002.
An investigation into the experiences related to protege perceptions of mentoring quality.
13,524 words (approx. 54.1 pages), 42 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
A research study is proposed to investigate the perceptions of protege's of their mentoring experience. Protege's perceptions of both the quality and the equity of mentoring programs are measured, as are actual outcomes associated with mentoring experience in relation to both position promotion and compensation. Variations in perceptions and in actual outcomes associated with the mentoring experience, as dependent variables, are analyzed in relation to protege; gender and protege; racial/ethnic background, as independent variables. Problem statement, literature review, and proposed method are presented in this proposal.
Chapter 1 - Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Background on the Issue
Importance of the Study
Scope and Delimitations .
Definitions of Terms
2 - Review of Literature
Social Conflict and Diversity
Affirmative Action and Conflict Theory
The "Glass Ceiling" Phenomenon
Discussion
Mentoring in Organizations
Phases of the Mentoring Relationship
Functioning of Mentors
Quality of Mentoring Programs
Relevant Feminist Theory
Summary of the Literature Review
3 - Methods
Research Design
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Variables and Operational Definitions
Instrumentation
Data Collection
Population and Sample
Data Analysis
References
Appendix
A - Draft Survey Instrument
B -Cover Letter for Participating Companies
From the Paper
"The numbers of women in senior management positions in American organizations are disproportionately low in relation to both the numbers of women in the general population and the numbers of women among the employees of organizations (Martinez, 1997; Silverman, 1997; Konrad & Linnehan, 1995). Some analysts have suggested that a ?glass ceiling? exists that blocks the promotion of women to senior management positions (Poole, Langan-Fox, & Omodei, 1993, pp. 39). A similar phenomenon is held to exist for individuals of minority population classification status (Didion, 1995). Thus, women who are members of racial and ethnic minorities conceivably face double barriers to advancement in organizations.
A study conducted by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (1999) confirmed the role of gender in promotion to senior management positions. This confirmation was made on the basis of comparing the average hierarchical positions of individuals of different gender and racial background in organizations monitored by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (1999). The criterion for comparison was the number of reporting levels below the chief executive officer (CEO) of the highest-ranking individual classified according to gender and race or ethnicity. The study found that, on average, men outranked women in hierarchical structures among African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and whites."
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Divergent Immigrant Experiences, 2002.
Examines the social, cultural and familial influence on the immigrant experiences of different immigrant groups.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses how the experiences of immigrants are different because of divergent social, cultural, and family values in different cultures. When we examine books from different cultural traditions, we are able to compare their different approaches, since we are able to see how the topic of immigration is treated differently.
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Transgender Experiences and Issues in Transformation, 2008.
A discussion on the struggles and experiences of transsexual individuals.
2,162 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the transgender experiences and issues in transformation a transsexual might encounter. The author first defines various gender disorders for the purpose of referencing the correct groups, then examines transsexualism as a disorder, and the ways to correctly diagnose this. The paper then explores the topic of sexual reassignment surgery, noting the difficulties that transsexuals who undergo reassignment surgery might face.
From the Paper
"Words that are commonly misinterpreted or confused with the word transsexual include transvestite, drag queen, and intersexed. Transvestites, also called crossdressers, are individuals who are content with their birth gender, but choose to dress up as and use the mannerisms of the opposite sex. Transvestites do not cross-dress for the purpose of entertaining others, but because they simply feel more comfortable. It is a common misconception that crossdressers are all gay, which may or may not be true nor do they necessarily want to undergo sexual reassignment as a transsexual would. Drag queens similarly may or may not be gay, and often have no interest in reassignment."
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