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Child Labor Laws, 2006.
A discussion of child labor laws in the US, looking at background information, history, reform measures and current laws.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses child labor laws in the United States. It starts off by discussing the history of child labor in this country and why there was a great need for reform. It also tells the reader the struggle that reformers went through to get child labor laws on the books. Next, the laws regarding child labor are discussed for today's times. The consequences of violating the laws are also mentioned.
From the Paper
"The United States government has enacted many laws and regulations over the years to protect the rights of workers in this country from unfair labor practices, employment discrimination and abuse. One of the groups of people that the government has enacted this type of legislation to protect is that of children, some of the most vulnerable workers. Throughout this paper I will examine child labor laws in the United States. I will give the background for such laws and the history of child labor in this country, including situations which created the needs for these laws. Furthermore, I will discuss how these laws have evolved over the years and what effect child labor laws have on the workplace today. Although child labor is not a big issue today as far more youth are in school than working during current times, this was not always the case."
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Child Labor Laws in Nineteenth Century England, 2000.
This is a research paper based on Child Labor laws in 19th century England - the working and living conditions of children then compared to now.
2,125 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper covers the evolution of child labor laws from 19th Century England through the present. The author discusses harsh working conditions endured and injuries suffered by children. Cited are specific pieces of legislation and non-profit campaigns aimed at stopping the phenomenon.
From the Paper
"Child labor in 19th century England was a shameful practice that many of us never look back on. The displaced working classes took it for granted that a family would not be able to support itself if the children were not employed. Therefore, children as young as five years old were working 12 hour shifts for less then 20 dollars a day. The conditions in which these children worked were below standards. It was a long and deadly fight to regulated child labor laws in England during the 19th century. Today many of us take for granted the regulations on child labor; we act as if this is how it has been since the beginning. What we do not realize is how much child labor has progressed since the 19th century. Three hundred years may sound like a long time but when you consider how life was for a child then and compare it to a child?s life today, I think you?ll begin to come to a better understanding of exactly what we have gone through to get where we are today."
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Child Labor Laws, 2007.
An analysis of child labor practices and the resulting legislation to protect children.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that as globalization has increased during the past few decades, so have child labor practices. The paper defines the term "child labor" as children under 18 years of age who work in both the formal and informal sectors, in conditions that are potentially harmful and who receive less than the minimum wage. The paper relates that while many developing countries have laws to protect children, enforcement is difficult since child labor is already established as a structural part of the economy. In many poor countries, families depend on a child's income for life's necessities. The paper describes how child labor has become a primary issue in international relations today, but highlights how the issue involves many controversies that are not easily solved.
From the Paper
"Children have always worked along side their families to help out as a means of survival, however defining what is appropriate work for children often involves complex judgements, particularly for firms doing business on a global scale (Bachman). There has been increased pressure on international business from social activists, trade unions, and others to find new solutions that will put an end to exploiting child labor and allow children to receive education and training to ensure they will become productive adults (Bachman)."
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Child Labor, 2002.
An examination of global child labor practices.
2,007 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how child labor practices of textile industries around the world are an important issue for most people. It looks at how although the United States has seen a change in these practices over the last 200 years, many immigrant children are still employed illegally in textile factories. It shows how worldwide, there have been numerous laws passed on behalf of children?s rights, although many governments are lax in enforcing them. It examines how some governments, are starting to realize the benefits of educating children and have started to implement tougher laws in an effort to end the abuse of their children.
Outline
Introduction
A History of Child Labor in the U.S.
Attempts to Change Child Labor
The Great Depression
Child Labor in the U.S. Today
Liberia and New Child Labor Laws
Child Labor in Indonesia
Pakistan and Bangladesh Child Labor Practices
Russian Child Labor Practices
Startling Statistics and Working Conditions
Examples of Child Labor
Other Countries vs. the U.S.
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The public finally began to become aware of the horrendous conditions in which the children were forced to work and in 1904 the National Child Labor Committee was formed as a means to regulate or eliminate child labor (unknown, 1991). This committee, combined with state child labor committees, investigated and photographed the children in their poor working conditions, sent pamphlets and leaflets to the public and lobbied the government for stronger child labor laws. From 1902 to 1915 these efforts were responsible for the passage of many state laws which restricted child labor. However, the southern states were reluctant to pass such laws, prompting the passage of federal child labor laws in 1916 and 1918, though these laws were declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. In 1924, an amendment was purposed, but failed to be ratified by many states."
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Labor Laws, 2005.
A discussion on labor laws in the work environment.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 0 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the labor laws relevant to the guarantee of a non-discriminatory work environment. It focuses on how labor laws are applied within the labor union environment in protecting against discrimination. It explains that the labor laws in the United States are primarily governed by the U.S. Department of Labor which oversees approximately 180 various laws and regulations governing employment.
From the Paper
"Labor laws in the United States are overseen by the Department of Labor which, collectively, oversees approximately 180 various federal labor oriented laws. This body of laws and regulations oversee many workplace activities relevant to more than 10 million unique employers and more than 125 million unique employees. The following major labor laws constitute some of the most broadly applicable and well-known labor laws. Additionally, since unions constitute some the largest forces in labor across North America, labor laws pertinent to unions are also discussed. However, it should be mentioned that regardless of union membership, union members are, of course, entitled to the same protections on the existing body of labor laws that any employee is as well as a host of other protections vis-?vis his or her union contract. Pay & Schedule The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) outlines the standards for wages and overtime pay, which affect most private and public employment in ..."
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California Labor Laws, 2002.
An examination of California's labor laws and their effect on the economy.
2,254 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses some of California?s most important and current labor laws, outlining how each law affects California?s business climate. It also determines whether these labor laws are beneficial or detrimental to the apparel industry. It specifically outlines some of California?s labor laws, which are considered some of the most stringent in the nation.
From the Paper
"According to a recent study, one in every five California businesses reported that they have restricted hiring because of employment lawsuits (Sullivan, 1996). Nearly half of all businesses surveyed said that California labor laws, such as employment termination laws, have made liability insurance more expensive, while about 10 percent reported that labor laws have actually caused a reduction in the number of employees on payroll. In addition, businesses reported that labor laws have made it more difficult to get information on references on prospective employees, and more than half said that they will not provide references on former employees. Under past law, employers were protected from libel or slander suits for statements made that did not show malice toward a former employee regarding the job performance or qualifications."
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Labor Laws: Cross-Cultural Comparisons, 2005.
Discusses and compares labor laws in Germany and the United States.
1,080 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
A nation's labor laws, stipulating work hours, job security, vacations, retirement age, compensations, employment opportunities, and chances for advancement for protected groups are intrinsically connected to that country's espoused politico-economic ideology. The paper shows that the United States, in which the capitalist market ideology prevails, has a set of labor laws, which differ in several significant areas from those that operate in many Northern European countries, such as Germany, where democratic socialism shapes national politico-economic ideologies. In comparing between several key aspects of German and American labor policies and laws, the paper concludes that, while Germany furnishes its population with a more positive work atmosphere, empowering it vis-a-vis corporate owners and establishing a legal framework that would guarantee job security, the fact remains that some perceive this as having curtailed the growth and the more efficient/effective operation of native organizations/firms. In an overall analysis, this paper illustrates that it is better to be a worker in Germany than in the United States.
From the Paper
"The point here is that, in comparison to the United States where the power of labour unions is steadily declining, German labour unions have remained consistently powerful and are in charge of negotiating practically all employment contracts, ensuring that equitable terms are offered to all workers, irrespective of gender, race, or age (Boldt, 2003). Thus, the power of the labour unions in Germany has negated the need for those laws which emphasize equitable employment terms, which are so prevalent in the United States."
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China?s Labor Laws, 2004.
An overview of Chinese labor laws.
1,195 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Chinese labor laws. The paper examines such legal and economic issues as the Chinese minimum wage, overtime, maximum amount of hours allowed in a work week, retirement, and benefits. The paper explores how these issues relate to gender equality, age discrimination, child labor, disabled workers, turnover rate, and the unemployment rate.
From the Paper
"Chinese law does not set an official, uniform, national minimum wage, ostensibly to reflect the vastly different expenses of living in various provinces. Instead, it allows local governments to determine their own standards on minimum wages. But although China has no official flat minimum wage, and this varies by province (causing a certain amount of consternation between urban and rural areas and the wage rate discrepancy,) to give a rough idea of how minimum wages are calculated, in a story about new hourly minimum wage regulations in Zhangzhou (Fujian) comes the formula for calculating such wages. "The hourly minimum wage standard = [(the monthly minimum wage 20.92 8) * (1+ the proportion of the premium paid by the enterprise for each worker's retirement and basic medical insurance)] * (1+ fluctuation coefficient). The fluctuation coefficient takes into account the differences between temporary or casual workers and full-time personnel with regard to stability, working conditions and the intensity of the job, and the difference in welfare provided. ("Zhangzhou ceding xiaoshi zuidi gongzi [Zhangzhou determines the minimum hourly wage]," Haixia dushibao [Strait News], 01 July 2004, Cited by Stephen Frost on July 2, 2004)"
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Labor Laws in Russia, 2002.
The following paper examines research that reveals what steps should be taken to enforce the existing labor laws to protect employees in Russia and to support the restructuring efforts through secure employment.
1,420 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the current labor laws in Russia, subject to free market forces, changes in the way business is done and illegal agreements within the context of pressure from the World Bank for lasting economic reform.
From the Paper
"The reform of Russia's labor legislation has become a pressing issue for international agencies over the last few years. An important consideration for the Russians is that the World Bank has attached high priority to radical changes in the law as one of the conditions of its Social Protection Adjustment Loan.It is reported that employers in the private sector constantly violate existing labor legislation to achieve a more flexible and self-determinate situation, leading to a conclusion that job security for workers can only be obtained by moving away from labor contracts and binding collective agreements to more free market considerations and little or no labor legislation (Standing, 1996)."
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Labor Laws, 2007.
A discussion of the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) labor laws and how they protect employees.
1,071 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how the COBRA and FLSA laws both help reduce the stress and anxiety that can go with the loss of a job. The paper explains that before the FLSA and COBRA laws were passed, there were many employers who were taking advantage of their workforce in several ways. The paper details the purpose both laws serve. The paper makes recommendations to update and improve the laws.
Outline:
Introduction
COBRA
FLSA
My Opinion
From the Paper
"Since their inceptions both COBRA and the FLSA have served an important purpose in the employment world. Throughout the nation employees work hard and help the companies that employ them to build empires of wealth, however, if there are bumps in the road either on the part of the employee or employer the company often goes on to continue growing while the employee, who helped build that company is left out in the cold. COBRA and FLSA both help reduce the stress and anxiety that can go with the loss of a job for reasons other than Gross Misconduct."
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Labour Laws: India, 2005.
A brief look at the labor laws in India.
690 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 23.95
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Abstract
This short paper is a component of a large project and presents a brief review of labour prevailing in India.
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Child Labor, 2008.
This paper discuses issues relating to child labor in the Third World.
1,580 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that child labor is not only a practice that can be exploitative and detrimental to the welfare of the child, but it also negatively characterizes the conditions within the country. The author points out that child labor has long been established within all countries, including developed countries such as Canada, the United States and Western Europe. The paper states that dismissing child labor outright reduces the opportunity to identify the wishes of the children themselves in respect to their ability to support or supplement the earnings of the family as well as reduces the opportunity for developing countries to affect positive change by evaluating their own child labor practices and its impact on their economic position.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Basics of Child Labor
Child Labor and International Organizations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Child labor is criticized based upon the conditions of the workplace, the wages child workers receive, and the consequences of working as opposed to receiving an education or participating in other normal childhood activities. Sites where child laborers work are situated in developing countries where there are minimal provisions in place to ensure the safety of workers; this outcome is exacerbated when the children do not have the ability to facilitate change through representation or through equal association with those who hold power within this environment."
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Child Labor, 2005.
An in-depth examination of the effects of child labor on children's development, focusing on the situation in India.
17,786 words (approx. 71.1 pages), 42 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The research question is whether the abolition of child labor is totally feasible, and if so, how, and if not, why. In answering the research question, the research paper provides a deep, broader study into the research done by several scholars on the issue of child labor. It also offers an analysis of the causes for the prevalence of child labor in the world, with a focus on the situation in India. The study also makes recommendations for solving the issue of child labor in India, having an understanding of why the issue could not be solved over the years. The study argues that child labor cannot be abolished in India, but its magnitude can be reduced.
Outline
Chapter 1
Introduction
Problem Statement
Research Question
Chapter 2
Review of Literature
Magnitude of the Problem at International and National Level
National Level Involvement
Chapter 3
Child Labor in India
Chapter 4
Solutions and Recommendations
Chapter 5
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"The global attention regarding child labor is presently more unprecedented compared to any other period in the in the initial part of twentieth century. This newfound concern has been supplemented by an association of novel international conferences, novel performers, and novel allocation of funds, novel studies, novel information, novel concepts, and increased performances in a broad diversity of Third World nation specific financial and societal surroundings. An outcome of this current campaign is improved multiplicity of thinking as well and accomplishment. The writings as well as conventions on child labor are presently discernible by strong argument in respect to several vital concerns. Yet among renowned specialists, research professionals and campaigners, an extensive and sometimes fiery incongruity exists on elementary issues like what comprises child labor, the reasons behind its occurrence, and the manner in which it influences children and society, and the optimum method to tackle the predicament."
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Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution, 1997.
This is an examination of social values and child labor reform during the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian Era.
2,130 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper talks about the roots of Child Labor Laws by examining the use of children as laborers beginning in the Middle Ages, through the Industrial Revolution and into the Victorian Era. It traces the abhorrent conditions these children faced, especially during the Industrial Revolution, where times where extremely difficult, through the Victorian Era the The National Child Labor Committee was formed, and strict laws were passed regarding children. These laws regulated and enforced working conditions, hours and ages that could be employed.
From the paper:
"It was thought to be a benefit for children to work, so they could get a head start on building a life for themselves. Poor children could contribute to society by working, and through self-reliance and determinism could break free from poverty.
"The prevalent attitude was that the laissez-faire economic system had made America great, and that any interference in the natural way of things was "unscientific, irrational, and unjust" (Trattner, 1970: 32). Social Darwinism also supported child labor and the lack of regulation. Society valued individualism and self-reliance, and saw any regulation of industry as obstructing a natural process that should be allowed to progress free of restraints. Each person should try their hardest to get rich, and nobody should interfere with a person's right to accumulate wealth, even at the expense of others."
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Child Labor, 2004.
An overview of the problem of global child labor and the way different countries view the issue.
933 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The conditions for children who are made to work do not provide the stimulation for proper physical and mental development. These children are deprived of the simple joys of childhood, relegated instead to a life of manual labor. This paper shows, however, that there are problems with the obvious solution of abolishing child labor. First, there is no international agreement defining child labor. Countries not only have different minimum age work restrictions, but also have varying regulations based on the type of labor. This makes the limits of child labor very unclear. The paper argues that until there is global agreement that can isolate cases of child labor, it will be very hard to abolish. Therefore, the problem is not child labor itself, but the conditions under which it operates. The paper includes tables.
From the Paper
"In many countries (Costa Rica, Thailand, Sri Lanka), the minimum working age is lower than the required age of compulsory education, giving children access to employment before they have even completed the minimum amount of schooling (Bequele & Boyden, 1995). When indigent children are allowed to work legally, they will often abandon school to better their family's condition. In the reverse situation, if the minimum age requirement for work is greater than the compulsory schooling age, children who have completed the required schooling must stay inactive for a period of time before they can legally work."
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