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Changing Relationships in Late Adulthood, 2005. Examines how changes in lifestyle during later adulthood can effect relationships. 2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 68.95 »
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Abstract Late adulthood is often mistakenly viewed as a time of relaxation, where everything slows and an individual's life becomes more consistent and less stressful. In reality, late adulthood is a time of great change. Individuals retire, children move away, lifestyles alter significantly and social ties decline. This paper shows that, most significantly, a person's relationships change significantly in late adulthood. This includes relationships with siblings, spouses, friends, children and grandchildren. By considering these relationships and how they change, this paper shows that late adulthood is far from being a time of reduced stress. It may become a time of reduced stress if the individual makes the transition successfully, but the actual process of transition involves many significant changes.
From the Paper "Peterson (2002) notes that friends play a special role because they link the individual to the larger social world. Individuals meet with friends as a way of keeping up with events in the world and in their own communities. This allows individuals to feel connected and avoids the problem of feeling isolated, alone, or rejected. It is also noted that older individuals have more secondary friends, which are described as "people who are not intimates but with whom they spend time occasionally" (Berk 2004, p. 606). This includes groups meeting to take part in activities such as playing bridge, lawn bowling, quilting, and various other craft activities".
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Late Adulthood Bereavement, 2006. A discussion on bereavement focusing on people in their late adulthood. 1,507 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 49.95 »
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Abstract This paper begins with a definition of bereavement and grief. Loss of a spouse is rated as the most stressful life event across all ages and cultural backgrounds. The paper continues to explore the myriad of literature on the topic of dealing with grief in late adulthood. In conclusion, it explores the diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of grief.
From the Paper "At least 10 -20 percent of widows and widowers develop clinically significant depression during the first year of bereavement, and without treatment, such depressions tend to persist, become chronic and lead to further disability and impairments (Older pp). Bereavement-associated depression often coexists with another type of emotional distress, which has been termed traumatic grief, the symptoms of which, although not formalized as a mental disorder in DSM-IV, appear to be a mixture of symptoms of both pathological grief and post-traumatic stress disorder (Older pp). Such symptoms are extremely disabling, associated with functional and health impairment and with persistent suicidal thoughts, and may well respond to pharmacotherapy (Older pp)."
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Psychological Analysis of a Woman in Late Adulthood, 2001. An in-depth look at the physical, cognitive, and psycho-social development of a woman in late adulthood, as observed through an interview. 1,535 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, $ 50.95 »
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Abstract History
Location
Occupations
Schooling
Family
Context of Interview
Discussion
Activity in normal day ? sleep, exercise, groups
Diet
Sensory changes
Memory assessment
Changing relationships: family & peers
Retirement and goals
Analysis
Physical performance: causes of illness, injury, and
sensory dysfunction
Education - Engagement process (Schaie), memory
Ego integrity versus despair (Erikson), Grant Study
Role of religion
Continuity theory (Atchley)
Balanced investment - role of siblings and family
members
From the Paper "Born in 1932, AB is a sixty-eight year old female from the central New York state area. AB grew up in a small town with her twin brother and two sisters. Her father passed away when she was two, and her siblings were then raised by their single mother. In her adult life, AB has worked as a dietician at a University Hospital. Currently, AB resides at the retirement community in New York."
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Development of Adolescence versus Late Adulthood, 2007. Compares the social and physical development of adolescents to senior adults. 2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95 »
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Abstract This paper compares and contrasts adolescents and senior adults in terms of social and physical development. The paper describes, in detail, each stage of development and characterizes each by traits and characteristics that are specific to them. The paper concludes that these two stages possesses more similarities than differences.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
A Developmental Comparison between Adolescents and Senior Adults
Adolescence
Senior Adults (Late Adulthood)
Conclusion
From the Paper "Late adulthood bears a transition that follows a somewhat reverse order from that of adolescents. While adolescence begins with physical changes, the ushering in of late adulthood begins with a social change, that of retirement. It signifies the end of one's productive role in society while adolescents are just beginning to establish theirs. Retirement also means severing one's ties with colleagues and work associates or friends, a type of isolation that can be difficult to face. Adolescents face nearly the opposite challenge of initiating and forging social ties within school and community, and changing the relationship between members of family. The social skills they learn within this stage carries on into young and middle adulthood. As one ages, physical aging starts to manifest itself in subtle ways, becoming more obvious with time. It is this impending sense of mortality that preoccupies elderly persons as they get older - spouses, relatives and friends die. While death is a normal part of life, the final milestone - a sense of accomplishment and pride in one's well-lived life - would be achieved."
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Middle Adulthood & Older Adulthood, 2002. A discussion of the psychoanalyst Erik Erikson's developmental stages. 1,191 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95 »
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Abstract This paper is about Erikson?s theory of the last two stages of development (the ?Middle Adulthood? and ?Older Adulthood?) and how they relate to life?s challenges. Eric Erikson was a German born American Psychoanalyst, known as a Freudian ego-psychologist who accepted most of the basic theories of Freud, but placed more emphasis on the societal and cultural aspects of psychology rather than on instincts and the unconscious. He refined and expanded Freud?s theory of stages of development by putting forward an epigenetic principle of development, which states that the human personality unfolds progressively in eight distinct stages of life. He was a staunch believer that human development continues into adulthood and old age and is just as important as it was in the earlier parts of our lives. This paper analyzes the ?Middle Adulthood? stage of development which relates to the period in life during which we are involved in raising children, generally described as the period between the ages of 40 to 65 and the ?Older Adulthood? which refers to the age around retirement when the task of ?parenting? is over.
From the Paper "Erikson has described two basic ?tasks? or ?crises? for each stage of our development stage. One is a positive task and the other a negative task. While the development of the positive task is desirable, some assimilation of the negative task is also necessary for a balanced development of human personality. For example in the first (infant) stage, the tasks are ?trust? and ?mistrust.? While trust is the positive and desirable task to be learnt by the infant, a little bit of ?mistrust? is also necessary for a ?balanced? development. Too much of trust and no mistrust would make the infant a gullible fool in later life. (Ibid.) Erikson?s theory is that we carry forward some maladjustment or malignancy into the next stage, if our progress in a particular stage of development is not ?balanced.? While maladjustment refers to over-development of the positive task, malignancy is the over-development of the negative ?task.? Obviously, the tilting of the balance in favor of the negative trait is more damaging for an individual."
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Married Relationships in Literature, 2005. A look at how both Kate Chopin's story, "The Story of an Hour" and James Joyce's story, "The Dead", reflect on married relationships and how these relationships often do not live up to expectations. 795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 28.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes the main characters in both stories and explains how these characters and the both stories' theme of death reflect the dull, lifeless state of most marriages. The paper points out that while Chopin and Joyce may have approached the subject of married relationships differently, in the final analysis, both authors end up with a telling commentary on how individual personalities and the drudgery of daily life result in a deadening of marital relationships and the individual spirit.
From the Paper "Marriage is commonly defined as an intimate union of a man and woman, involving a special kind of love and commitment that facilitates a harmonious relationship and family life. Too often, however, the reality of marriage proves to be far removed from the idealized images projected by society and religion since individual personalities and the drudgery of daily living lead to a deadening of relationships. Indeed, this is precisely the revelation that both Kate Chopin and James Joyce make in The Story of an Hour and The Dead although the two authors approach the subject of married relationships from rather different perspectives. Both Chopin's Mrs. Mallard and Joyce's Gabriel are depicted as awakening to the true state of their respective marriages. The difference, however, between the two protagonists is that while Mrs. Mallard awakens to her need for liberation, Gabriel regrets the lack of passion in his dull existence with his wife."
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Same-sex Relationships, 2004. An overview of same-sex relationships in Western history and how public perception of these relationships has evolved. 4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 143.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines a number of issues concerning same-sex relationships. The paper focuses on same-sex relationships in Western history and discusses public perceptions of such relationships, looks at the role that the Gay and Lesbian movement has had in influencing public perception, discusses some of the conflicts seen between old and new gay groups. and discusses the harassment that gays and lesbians are often subjected to. The paper also looks at the move to legalize same-sex marriages and the issue of AIDS.
From the Paper "Over the last five decades the gay and lesbian movement has been instrumental in reshaping public perceptions towards same-sex relationships in the US. Essentially, it is impossible to study public perceptions towards same-sex relationships without considering the role of the gay and lesbian movement. For gay and lesbian individuals this movement has enabled individuals who had previously been ostracized and stigmatized from mainstream social networks to carve a niche and feel a sense of belonging in alternative communities. Even more significantly the gay and lesbian movement..."
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Relationships, 2002. This paper presents a review of literature on the subject of relationships and a study of the pyschological and emotional factors relevant to relationships. 4,900 words (approx. 19.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 178.95 »
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Abstract The paper reviews literature in connection with relationships and studies important psychological and emotional factors, which can make or break a relationship. There is certainly no dearth of literature on this subject but for this study, only important books and articles have been selected for review because they offer precious insight into the subject. While most people consider relationships vital for their emotional and spiritual growth, still they often make mistakes which can totally destroy the bond that a couples shares. The paper addresses these issues and presents the views and opinions of some marriage and relationship experts in this connection.
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The Effect of Cyber Society on Personal Relationships, 2001. As more people opt for on-line relationships, they may find it more difficult to conduct face-to-face relationships. 800 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 28.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains how the Information Highway will affect the society in a manner that cannot yet be imagined and instead of a means of uniting the world the author feels that the technological revolution is creating a divide within society furthering social stratification and changing the dynamics of interpersonal relationships.
From the paper:
"As the communications revolution reaches its climax the society is increasingly becoming virtual. Millions of Internet users are logging one every day and interacting with each other over the Internet. Where once socialization was limited within borders today, the society is increasingly becoming borderless as the Internet creates a global world. Chat systems like MSN and AOL Messenger, ICQ and MIRC have captured the people?s imagination and no longer is there a need to have personal face-to-face meetings. The interactive software?s allow a user to have web conferences, meetings and chat with more than one person at a time. Society is becoming impersonal as concepts like 'cyber love' and 'cyber world' emerge. "
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Hispanic Relationships in the U.S.A, 2006. An analysis of what types of relationships are typically formed among Hispanic couples in the United States today. 3,836 words (approx. 15.3 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 105.95 »
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Abstract Using examples from Puerto Rico, Mexico and Cuba, this paper examines how relationships between Hispanics couples are formed and sustained. It contends that in the near future, Hispanics will represent the majority ethnic segment in the U.S., with blacks and whites coming in a distant second and third and that it is important to understand how these relationships are made. It looks at different types of relationships such as divorced couples who still live together, married couples, couples who live together but are not sexually active and common law marriage arrangements.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion.
Background and Overview
Influences on Hispanic Relationships in the U.S.
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion.
From the Paper "While the reasons for emigration vary from individual to individual, citizens of many Latin American nations have considered the United States as a destination of choice over the past decades. There were profound and compelling reasons for many Hispanics wanting to leave their home countries; in the past 100 years or so, violent revolutions have affected the political framework of several countries (including Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, and Nicaragua). In the 20th century, Cuba became a Communist state under Fidel Castro, while the Nicaraguan Revolution brought the Marxist-oriented Sandinistas to power. Peru, Bolivia, and Chile also tried a local Latin American version of socialism with little success (Cockcroft 1998). However, once they arrived in the U.S., such relative newcomers, many lacking in basic literacy skills in either English or Spanish, were assumed to be still caught up in the immigrant syndrome, or worse, to be languishing in what Oscar Lewis termed the "culture of poverty" (1965). "
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Dual Relationships in Counseling, 2008. This paper discusses the danger of dual relationships in the counseling field. 750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 26.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the dangers of dual relationships within the mental health field. The writer maintains that counselors and therapists should avoid establishing or allowing the establishment of dual relationships within the context of their professional capacity. The writer concludes that this is not only an ethical imperative with respect to the client/patient continuum but also extends to dual relationships among patients in group therapy settings as well as relationships between coworkers and colleagues.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Dual Relationships in Group Therapy
The Counselor/Client Continuum
Conclusion
From the Paper "Clearly, these negative developments that arise due to the existence or the establishment of dual relationships can have a very real and a potentially very harmful impact on the counseling process within the group therapy setting. Yet, all of these negative attributes can just as easily develop within the dual relationship context in the single-patient counseling environment or in the back office relationships that arise within the clinic or treatment facility setting. In all instances, the effectiveness and the objective of the counseling process is undermined and made almost irrelevant due to the dual relationships allowed to develop."
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Ethical Relationships in Healthcare, 2005. Examines ethical relationships between healthcare providers and other staff members in the healthcare industry. 5,309 words (approx. 21.2 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 131.95 »
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Abstract This report deals with the subject of ethical relationships between
administrators and physicians in the healthcare setting and also looks at issues of ethics in general in the hospital setting. Specifically, this report looks at current problems in administrative ethics and also seeks to portray possible solutions to these problems which center around everyday ethics and codified structures of ethics and education, while also making recommendations for future research. One ethical problem that is examined is confidentiality; another is inter-professional relationships. All administrative ethical questions are referenced back to the main motivation of the healthcare staff of both administrators and physicians: doing what is for the good of the patient or client. The report examines issues of integrity, policy, practice, ethical codes, and the relationship between client and caregiver, while examining the changing roles of physicians and administrators in reference to the client's needs.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Confidentiality and Integrity
Ethical Policy and Practice
Relationships between Professionals
Relationship to Patients
Proposed Solutions
Future Research
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Professional relationships, in contrast, are not relationships between professionals and clients, but relationships between two or more professionals. These relationships are also covered in various ways by the various codes discussed including IECs. Although dual relationships are possible within this context, there is more of a sense of responsibility in maintaining a helping environment among co-existing professionals who respect each other and are not exploitative in their positions within hierarchical relationships."
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Human Relationships and the Land in "O Pioneers!", 2008. An analysis of human relationships in Willa Cather's novel "O Pioneers!". 1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95 »
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Abstract This paper examines the theme of human relationships in the novel "O Pioneers!" by Willa Cather. The paper contends that human relationships are at the heart of the novel, but at the same time, those relationships are shaped and colored by the vital relationship with the land, as an inheritance and a way of life. The paper also maintains that family is a central theme connected to the land, with the character of Alexandra the focus for the family, just as the land becomes her focus as a substitute for her father. The paper argues that, although much of the novel seems pessimistic about human relationships, ultimately the novel's protagonist, Alexandra, as an embodiment of the land, shows how the struggle for the land would one day lead to an accommodation between human beings and the land.
From the Paper "Cather seems to doubt the possibility for human beings to form meaningful and lasting relationships, and in the novel, those who try fail or even die before achieving what they seem to want. There are a number of unhappy marriages in the novel, including that of the woman Emil loves, a relationship that ends tragically for all. The one love that persists is love for the land, though that is also a love that is sorely tested again and again by weather, drought, storms, and other hardships faced by the pioneers, who either last through the crisis of fail and turn back. The novel celebrates the pioneer in America and the way the pioneer went to work and shaped the land, but what the pioneer did was also decided by the needs and wants of the land itself. In the end, the hard realities of pioneer life were anything but romantic, and the lives of the characters in this novel shows how they would often act impetuously and then suffer the consequences as far as human relationships were concerned."
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Telemachus' Relationships, 2002. An examination of Telemachus' changing relationships with Penelope and Odysseus in Homer's "The Odyssey". 1,230 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 41.95 »
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Abstract The writer of this paper examines the way in which Telemachus' relationship matures and develops towards his parents - Penelope and Odysseus. The story begins with Telemachus' relationships being very self-centered. The paper shows how one of the major themes is Telemachus?s personal growth from being a child to becoming a man. This change in Telemachus is reflected by the changing relationship with his parents. His relationship with Penelope and Odysseus at the start are those of a boy. By the end of "The Odyssey" these relationships have changed to those of a man, representing the change in Telemachus?s character. It is this character change that is examined in the paper.
From the Paper "The Odyssey begins with the relationship between Telemachus and Penelope at the point between a mother-child relationship and a mother-adult relationship. Telemachus feels the need to protect his mother, and attempts to do so, but is not quite capable of taking on this role. Rather than fighting for his mother?s rights, he calls an assembly and asks that the suitors be expelled. Even in doing this he admits his own weakness, ?but, had I the power, my will should serve me to exempt this hour from out my life-time. For, past patience, base deeds are done here, that exceed defence of any honor. Falling is my house, which you should shame to see so ruinous? (II, 100-105). In this speech, two things are seen. Firstly, that Telemachus wants to protect his mother?s honor, and secondly, that he does not have the power to do that. At the end of his speech he loses his composure, ?This said, his sceptre 'gainst the ground he threw, and tears still'd from him; which mov'd all the crew, the court struck silent, not a man did dare to give a word that might offend his ear? (II, 131-135). This further illustrates that while he wants to act like a man, he is not yet able to do so. "
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Relationships in "A Streetcar Named Desire", 2001. An analysis of the relationships in Tennessee William's famous play, "A Streetcar Named Desire". 1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 1 source, $ 47.95 »
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Abstract This paper is an analysis of the relationships between Blanche, Stanley and Stella in "A Streetcar Named Desire". It shows that none of the relationships in the play were normal or healthy. In order, it examines the relationship between Blanche and Stella, the relationship between Blanche and Stanley, and the relationship between Stella and Stanley.
From the Paper "Blanche and Stella Dubois came from a well-to-do family. The sisters grew up on a plantation called Belle Reve. Stella had always been very self-absorbed and one day, she left the plantation behind and found her way to the city. She left Blanche to take care of the remaining family. All was well on the plantation until the depression hit and money was scarce, even for the rich. Blanche had to take care of an ailing family while she worked as a schoolteacher to make ends meet. She saw most of her family die and she resents Stella for not being there to help take care of everyone. She is angry with Stella for leaving her with all the responsibilities."
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