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Challenges to Travel Security, 2002.
A discussion of the challenges to travel security in light of terrorist attacks.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how both Congress and interest groups are constantly looking in to new ways to ensure the safety of passengers in the various modes of travel currently available since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It looks at how Congress and the President have created the Transportation Security Administration and passed new laws in an effort to protect American travelers and how the courts are starting to become active in travel security by awarding large settlements to victims of hotels that don?t provide adequate protection. It examines such issues as Congress and air-travel, lapses in security, transport on buses, trains and boats and issues regarding travelling with children and evaluates the air travel security law which addresses having additional air marshals on flights and replacing security screeners with a federal agency, but requires airports to install full explosive detection systems by the end of 2002.
From the Paper
In response to the Congressional mandate of strengthening aviation security, President Bush appointed John W. Magow to the newly created Transportation Security Administration (Nakashima A07). Magow ?a former director of the Secret Service and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (Nakashima A07)? was working with the Federal Emergency Management Agency as the executive director of the Office of National Preparedness (Nakashima A07). Magow, whose new title is undersecretary of transportation for security, was appointed with little opposition. He is now responsible for all civil aviation security functions as mandated by Congress."
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Air Travel Security, 2004.
An analysis of the current air travel security system in the United States.
2,987 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the new extensive security systems that have been implemented in the air travel sphere since September 11th, 2001. This paper examines the writing of one author who believes the new security measures are a positive thing and explores the various reasons why this author is right in his assertions.
From the Paper
"The whole process of air travel in this country has changed drastically since the events of September 11, 2001. After the terrorist attacks that destroyed the World Trade Centers and damaged the Pentagon, tightening and heightening security on airline flights became an important priority to both the government and to the people. It can not be denied that these increased security measures have caused some major changes to the way the nation flies today. The whole process of going to an airport and getting on an airplane is very different from what it was. As with any new thing, there has been some controversy over the changes that have taken place. While many have welcomed these changes as a sign that the government and the airlines are committed to protecting the flying public, others are crying foul, complaining that these new security changes are an invasion of privacy at best, and a violation of civil liberties at worst."
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Globalization, State Security and Human Security in Asia, 2006.
An analysis of globalization and how it relates to state security.
3,997 words (approx. 16.0 pages), 54 sources, APA, $ 108.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between globalization and security using the state and the individual as units of analysis. It argues that globalization has varying consequences on different actors. The paper challenges the assumption that globalization has a direct impact on state security. It shows that global processes challenge state security in an indirect manner but have direct effects on human security.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Globalization And State Security In Asia
Asian Security in a Globalized Context
Responses to State Insecurity
Globalization And Human Security In Asia
From Development Economics to Human Development: A Focus on Peoples' Livelihoods
Poverty Reduction and Inequality in Comparative Perspectives
Water Crisis as a source of Human Insecurity
Conclusions
Appendix
From the Paper
"Globalization can be seen both as a historical project and as a process that affects social relations of peoples, groups and states.(Bello, 1998) It is conceived as a historical conjuncture of the modernist project (McMichael 1996) that promotes the ideological framework of neoliberalism (Kinvall 2002: 5-6). The principles of free market economics constitute the policy package called the Washington Consensus - trade liberalization, financial deregulation, privatization, and inflation and currency exchange stability policies - which became the cornerstone of structural adjustment policies (SAPs) implemented in many economies. While Latin America and Africa have severely suffered from neoliberal globalization, Asia stands as an exceptional case of successful integration in the global economy (Dittmer 2002). Asia Pacific projected itself to the world as the most dynamic region characterized by growth with equity: rapid and sustained economic growth, equitable distribution of incomes, and dramatic improvements in human welfare (Rigg 2003: Table 1.3: 10; World Bank 1993)."
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Business Security, 2007.
This paper discusses whether a single security director should control both traditional security and information technology security.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the difference between physical security and digital/logical security. The paper explains the role of the traditional security director and the difficulties of setting up systems that are not tangible compared to setting up perimeter fences or deploying security guards across the facility. The paper examines arguments for and against a single security director. The paper concludes that the executive management is the sole determining group for whether security should be with two people or just one person. The paper is of the opinion that the current trend of having one person trained in both areas makes good business sense and will ensure a total security posture.
From the Paper
"In the days before the ubiquity of the computers and the Internet, security was confined to physical, personnel, communications and operations of a business enterprise or an infrastructure. The security director is the overall in charge of ensuring that barriers, locks and other mechanical devices are properly used to control access to the facility. Personnel are briefed and lectured on protecting themselves within the corporate premises and when they are out of the office. They are warned about corporate espionage, criminal elements and other nefarious individuals or organizations that can do harm to their persons or the company."
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Information Security, 2007.
A development of a security assessment model for information security.
7,461 words (approx. 29.8 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 164.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes the problems and risks with information security in the modern world. It then attempts to develop and test a five-dimensional information security assessment model. The security assessment models aims to include administrative security controls, employee security controls, physical security controls, logical security controls and data communication security controls.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Significance of the Study
Background of the Study
Literature Review
Methodology
Research Objectives
Research Method
Research Design
Sampling Unit
Sampling Frame
Method of Selecting the Sample Elements
Scale Development
Data Analysis
Our Information Security Model
Questionnaires
Reliability and Validity of the Results
Advantages
Delimitations
Ethical Issues
From the Paper
"Since encryption is so widely used, there are numerous advancements made in its genre, and the latest enhancement was the central government's key escrow encryption proposal. This is more commonly called the Clipper Chip and the Capstone chip. The Clipper Chip, as the name suggests comes in the size and form of a chip and holds the private key encryption algorithm. The Capstone chip, also in the form of the chip, holds the public key encryption algorithm. Both the encryption algorithms used in these chips when sold off have to be recorded in two different government or government-supported companies. This way the government has the inside access to these algorithms in case they need to use them for implementation of the regulations or public security functions (McNab 2004)."
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The Social Security System, 2005.
This paper discusses the elderly social security portion of the Social Security System (SSA) in the United States from 1985 to present.
4,435 words (approx. 17.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 116.95
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Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the various programs administered by the Social Security Administration have played a vital role in helping the nation's economic well-being since their inception in 1935. The author points out that the fiscal problems being experienced by the Social Security Administration have become more serious because of a growing demand for benefits by a substantially larger proportion of Social Security recipients, who have paid taxes for this compensation, compared to the proportion of the economically active population. The paper stresses that these trends will be exacerbated as the existing "baby boomer" segment of the population begins retiring in the next few years. Many illustrations and tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Characteristics of Social Security Recipients - 1985 - Present (and Beyond)
Number of Recipients Who Receive Social Security as Their Primary (> 90 percent) Means of Income - 1985 to Present (and Beyond)
Distinct Characteristics of Recipients Who Receive Social Security as Primary Source of Income - 1985 - Present
Importance of Demographic Factors in Shaping Social Security Program Administration
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed a committee to provide recommendations on an old-age pension systems and in 1935, Congress passed the Social Security Act that provided old-age benefits to be financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees (employees of railroads were already covered separately under the Railroad Retirement Act of 1934). Since that time, the Social Security Act has been periodically amended, expanding the types of coverage, bringing increasing numbers of workers into the system, and adjusting both taxes and benefits in an attempt to maintain pace with inflation rates. Today, Social Security policy directly affects more than 96 percent of the U.S. work force and their employers every pay period and more than twice as many workers are covered by Social Security as the number of individuals in the United States who own shares in mutual funds."
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Security Costs For Airlines Post 9/11, 2002.
An analysis of the effects of extra security expenditure and security measures on airlines.
2,055 words (approx. 8.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 64.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the rising cost of security and how it is hurting airline business in the United States. The writer describes how the price tag attached with extra security measures is bringing down major airlines that were already facing a dearth of business passengers and rapid cuts in the number of flights after September 11.
From the Paper
"United States government is not only anticipating more terrorist attacks in future, it is also asking its people to pay a huge price for this fear. While the government rightly wants to beef up security in order to protect its people from terrorist activities in future, the people are unfortunately being made to pay for these governmental plans. The price tag attached with extra security measures is bringing down major airlines that were already facing a dearth of business passengers and rapid cuts in number of flights after September 11. It is important to understand that airlines industry along with the rest of travel industry has suffered immensely after September 11 but the reason why it has failed to make a decent recovery is because government is consistently levying security surcharges, which most United States airlines cannot afford. "
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Electronic Commerce Security, 2002.
This paper explores e-commerce security and how e-businesses can be secured.
1,655 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that on-line business transactions would have developed faster if security, for both consumers and businesses was better. The author relates that e-commerce security includes fraud, theft, the compromising of credit card numbers, protection against cyber-terrorism, requirement of encryption of confidential and sensitive information, user authentication and access control to ensure data confidentiality, and the building of firewalls. The paper states that the essential requirements for carrying out secure online commerce involve the need for the following: Server security, message privacy, message integrity, authentication, authorization, audit mechanisms and payment and settlements.
Table of Contents
Background
What is E-Commerce Security?
Requirements for E-Commerce Security
Server Security
Message Privacy
Message Integrity
Authentication
Authorization
Audit Mechanisms
Payment and Settlements
The Security of B2B Partners
From the Paper
"The areas in which e-commerce has the potential to grow most in future include the small businesses. According to an October 2002 report from the Small Business Administration, seventy percent of America?s small businesses (defined as those with less than 250 employees) do not have a Web presence. It is obvious that the use of the Internet promotes the growth of e-commerce. In the past, the U.S. led the way in Internet adoption. Present trends indicate that Internet use is now expanding internationally. Countries in Latin America and Asia are angling to compete for business internationally. Hence, future growth in e-commerce would not be confined to the US. American companies can increase the integration of their supply chains to benefit from the international increase of Internet use."
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Computer Security, 1999.
Definition of this concept and a look at motives for violation. Examines types of software threats, firewalls & other security safeguards, security professionals and what the future holds.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 16 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
From personal computers in the home used to track checking accounts and keep household inventories in databases to large supercomputers that control space missions and run the world's largest companies, computers have become commonplace. The number of individuals who have access to the information on those computers has increased as the communications industry has undergone a revolution in recent years, and uncontrolled access to information presents a very real threat in most business and some government information. Because of the highly significant role that computers play in modern life, there is a need to keep information on machines secure from tampering, from unauthorized dissemination, and from unauthorized removal. This research examines various threats facing society from inadequate computer security, and the prospect.."
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US National Security Documents, 2005.
Comparison of two documents: The United States Commission on National Security for the 21st Century and The Bush Administration's First National Security Strategy (NSS).
3,200 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
Countries have become unsure of their security and about their relationships with the countries that surround them. Since September 11th, a large number of scholars, scientists and political thinkers have started to analyze and provide their own theories on the U.S. and Iraqi war and state relations. One of these groups of political thinkers is the U.S. Commission on National Security of the 21st Century. This Commission discusses and analyzes the problems in the world, specifically concerning the United States and the concerns of the changing world. The Commission has strove to provide critical theories and interpretations of what the United States should do in response to the changing world security environment. This essay addresses the Commission's response, as well as the response provided by President George W. Bush's administration of national security strategy by comparing both documents and noting the merits and criticisms of them. A final wrap-up summary is also provided.
From the Paper
"The three primary concerns of the introduction are: defence against enemies, cooperation with other nations in curtailing others from gaining dangerous technologies, and lastly, the encouragement of democracy and economic openness in all nations. It concludes by insisting that other nations should respond to terrorism and threats in the same offensive manner as the United States, calling for collective responsibility and "accountability." On the other hand, the CNS's introduction for Phase I suggests the same problems are facing the United States and the world, and calls for a similar approach as the NSS, emphasising "economic growth, regional integration, and global political cooperation." A key line for distinguishing the languages in each document is the CNS's suggestion that "active American engagement cannot prevent all problems," while the NSS is much more optimistic with regard to that idea."
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Private Security Firms, 2007.
This paper explores the role of private security firms in improving national security.
999 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Charles Connolly's "The Role of Private Security in Combating Terrorism," where he reveals that local law enforcement agencies are not necessarily up to the task of protecting the average citizen. The paper discusses his solution of employing the services of private security contractors to supplement the effectiveness of current government-based security forces. The paper notes the criticisms against this proposal, examines Connoly's arguments and concludes that partnerships with private firms may well be the best path to improve national security.
From the Paper
"In the United States, there has been a heightened sense of awareness of the potential for terrorism-induced danger since September 11, 2001. The attacks leveled against the United States on that day brought into focus some inadequacies in the state of security response and intelligence in the United States. It has prompted a number of initiatives of questionable Constitutional merit such as warrant-less wiretaps on American citizens and prisoners held in violation of the Geneva Convention. The desire to be safe has, in many cases, overridden common sense and has actually eroded the strength of the freedoms that were being protected."
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Post 9-11 Security and Privacy in IT, 2005.
Examines whether privacy and security in information technology have any future after September 11, 2001. Presents an EU and non-EU perspective.
21,000 words (approx. 84.0 pages), 300 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines not only the data protection instruments but also encompasses various breaches, recognitions and provisions for the interests of national security that over-weighs/surpass dangers to individual privacy in information technology. Chapter 2 deals with the erosion of privacy rights due to Sept 11, and amounts to probably the most significant issue in recent history, as information privacy rights have been recognized for controlling the dissemination and use of data. Chapter 3 has a comprehensive analysis that everyone has the right to be protected under the law and no one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home, or correspondence. Chapter 4 studies means of private communications without the consent of the sender or receiver and deals with breaches of privacy. Chapter 5 reviews data protection instruments in EU and non-EU horizons. Chapter 6 elucidates shocking revelations against terror and a flurry of virus activity resulting in personal data of Arab males being made available to the police to protect data against the war on terrorism. Chapter 7 states the balance between privacy and security risks and suggests that privacy-invasive measures adopted have not been as effective in enhancing security as originally intended. Hence they should not be construed as rivals but rather two sides of the same coin. In Chapter 8, systematic surveillance of the citizen in both the physical and virtual worlds after September 11, 2001 is discussed in detail. In Chapter 9, the war on terrorism by the United States and its allies as well as the discussion and measures about the ways in which the world has changed is dealt with. Chapter 10 details the cooperation and mutual assistance in EU-US law enforcement, namely human trafficking, immigration, and refugees, visas, biometrics and passports, etc.
Chapter 11 addresses security concerns raised in the aftermath of the September 11 attack and interrelated issues involving the movement of people, security at the border and in the skies and various security models/gadgets as well. Chapter 12 gives details of how and why a fund was created for the compensation of victims of Sept 11. Chapter 13, last but not least, wraps up various issues discussed earlier and answers unanswered questions from the introduction.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Individual Privacy and Personal Information
3. Legal Recognition of Privacy
4. Infringements of Individual Privacy
5. Data Protection Instruments in EU and non-EU Horizons
6. Data Protection and War against Terror
7. Privacy-Security Analysis
8. Improvement in Technologies in US and in EU
9. Provisions of National Security, EU-Non EU Measures
10. Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in EU-US Law Enforcement
11. Crime and Security in the Aftermath of Sep, 11
12. September 11 Victim Compensation Fund (VCF)
13. Conclusion and Suggestions
14. Bibliography
From the Paper
"Privacy rights have always been something of a stepchild in the family of constitutional rights. Although interpreted by the courts to be one of our fundamental rights, it is not mentioned by name anywhere in the Constitution or its amendments because it is a passive right. Felt only when absent, it tends to get less attention. This is why it became the first constitutional right in the post-September 11 execution line. Whatever the case, we should all be concerned that what has happened to privacy can also happen to other rights. There is always tension in the system, but it was designed that way, and generally we do a good job of balancing the desires of the state with the liberties of the people."
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Workplace Security, 2006.
A look at the change in the nature of workplace security since the September 11th attacks. The paper explains the security systems in place, using the example of a call center.
909 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses safety and security issues in the workplace. The work-related injuries that are common in the office environment are things such as muscle pains and arthritis pains. The writer gives suggestions of how to minimise these problems. The writer details the security system used in the call center, whereby employees need to scan their badges before gaining access to various areas of the building. In conclusion, the paper explains that if a company correctly addresses safety and security issues, it will not be likely that any serious incidents will arise.
Table of Contents:
Safety
Security
Sources
From the Paper
"A second direction for safety awareness concerns emergency preparedness. Threats to the safety of our employees can come from disasters such as fires, which would force the evacuation of our building. In order to prepare for such a situation, the entire office building (including the companies in the seventeen floors that our company does not occupy) has a fire drill on a regular basis, preceded by a fire safety program that is hosted by building safety experts. During the drill, everyone in the company must respond to the fire alarms by descending down the stairs and assembling in a previously specified "safe spot" for a head count. A few people from each floor are designated as monitors in the case of an emergency, and these employees make sure everyone evacuates safely before leaving the building themselves. Employees usually gripe about these fire drills being troublesome and taking too much time out of their workday, but it is absolutely necessary that everyone know what to do in case of an emergency so that if a fire really does threaten our safety, panic can be kept to a minimum, thus increasing the chance that everyone will get out of the building unharmed. In this case, safety concerns very clearly outweigh the minor inconvenience that employees face."
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Airline and Airport Security, 2002.
An overview of the security measures in the airline industry since September 11th.
925 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
After the devastating effects of September 11th, airline and airport security are paramount to most American travelers. The paper begins with a brief history of aviation security before examining what the American government is doing to enhance security today. The paper examines what the Federal Grant Program to Strengthen Aircraft Security entails and addresses additional changes such as the take-over of airport security by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA).
From the Paper
"So why was airport security so poor and why has it been under constant scrutiny by the public and the FAA? Even before the terrorist attacks on September 11th, the airport security industry was troubled. Airport security companies were forced to work under a vicious cycle of economic forces that it could not control. Airlines, in order to save money, have commonly gone with the lowest bidder. In order to win these contracts, security companies paid a lower wage to its employees. Sometimes the old adage of you get what you pay for is true. Security staff workers at airports received little training and had limited backgrounds in the field of security. Most had no security background at all. (Boyne) This type of inert protection may have worked well in the 1970?s when threat of a non-violent, non-suicidal hijacker with a metal weapon was involved."
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