| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "CENTRAL PLANNED ECONOMICS": |
|
|
Central Planned Economics, 2004.
Argues that centrally planned economies are destined to fail.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 23.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper argues that centrally planned economies are destined to fail. It looks at the distinction between free market economy and centrally planned economy. The paper examines market forces vs bureaucratic coordination and uses example of the Soviet era.
From the Paper
"In the last few decades planned economies around the world have succumbed to the challenge of the free market. Before analyzing why this has happened we must understand the economic distinction between a free market economy and a planned economy. The free market on the one hand sings the siren song of self-regulation. If you allow companies to ..."
| |
|
Democracy and Economic Development in Central America, 2002.
This research paper discusses the Central American nations and the current economic and political conditions impacting prospects for improving their economies and achieving or maintaining democratic reform initiatives into the new century.
2,265 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 70.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The following paper discusses the historical facts pertaining to the economic development of Central America. It also examines the unfolding of events and regional and global environmental factors and provides a qualitative analysis to support the central thesis that forward movement can be sustained.
From the Paper
?Central America is an area undergoing a huge transformation as it enters the 21st century, integrating the economic social, political and cultural changes associated with its goal of incorporation into the global economy and international political society. The old authoritarian regimes have crumbled through transitions to democratic government, and leftist movements of the 1980s have been defeated or transformed. Political and economic changes are apparent throughout in Central America. Facilitated by the proactive opening to the global economy and export-led development (ELD) strategy, maquiladora production (particularly of garments), tourism, nontraditional agricultural exports, and money sent home from emigrant workers have risen dramatically in importance, changing the society and economy of the region from a traditional agricultural base to include and embrace the channels of global production and distribution. This has caused the emphasis to shift from farming, cottage industries of artisans, regionally-focused small industry, and other traditional classes to the new economic activities, creating new urban and rural working classes, and a new class of labor (Robinson, 1998).?
| |
|
Transition Economies and Globalization, 2006.
A discussion regarding socialist economies that are in a transition from a controlled, centralized planning economic model to a decentralized capitalist economic model.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper reviews the term "transition economies" which defines those socialist command economies that, in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, attempted a transition from a state controlled, centralized planning economic model to a decentralized capitalist economic model. The paper lists these transition economies as being Russia, Poland, China and Vietnam. Transition economies are generally classified under one of two categories: the shock model and the gradualism model. The paper further discusses how these categories refer to the rate of economic and political change in these societies during their transitional periods. States that applied the gradualism model include Poland and China, while the shock model is commonly applied to cases such as that of Russia.
From the Paper
| |
|
India's Central Government Health Plan, 2006.
This paper reports original research regarding the financing of India's central government health scheme.
8,750 words (approx. 35.0 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 183.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the Indian Central Government Health Scheme was launched in 1954 with a dual purpose of providing a comprehensive medical care facility to the Central Government employees and pensioners including their families and to do away with the cumbersome system of medical reimbursement; however, the purposes for which the scheme was launched appear to have been lost given the introduction of private medical care. The author investigated 364 cases, as a random sample from the Postal & RMS (Railway Mail Service), located in the NCR of Delhi and the city of Bangalore, by analyzing the financial implications of treatment at various types of hospitals: Government (GOV), Private Recognized (RP) and Private Unrecognized (UP) hospitals under the CGHS scheme. The paper reports that the percentage satisfaction level for IP treatment in private hospitals is greater than the government hospitals and investigates extensively possible private insurance schemes involving the government. Many tables and charts.
Table of Contents
Research Objectives
A Brief Overview of Functioning of CGHS
Recognition of Private Hospitals by CGHS
Facilities Provided to Serving Employees and their families
Facilities Provided to Central Government Pensioners
Other Facilities in Non-emergency Cases
Emergency Care
Rates of Subscription and Recoveries
Findings
Quantitative Data
Treatment in Different Categories of Hospitals
The Claim Spread
Out-of-Pocket Expenses based on Hospital Types.
Out-of-Pocket Expenses based on Disease Types
In-Patient and Outpatient Treatment: Delhi V/S Bangalore
Comparative Cost of Treatment
Budgetary Allocation, Expenditure and Cost of Treatment-Scheme-Level
Outpatient Cost of Card (Pensioners Included)
Inpatient Cost of Pensioner Card
Average Total Cost of Card for Pensioners
Average Total Cost of Card: Serving Employees
Welfare of Employees and Subsidy-Scheme Level
Implications for the Central Government Health Scheme
Employee Benefit-Case of DOP
Qualitative
ICICI Lombard
Mediclaim or Hospitalization Benefit Insurance Policy
Abbreviations
From the Paper
"Budgetary allocation to CGHS scheme is made every year under various heads based on projected requirements of the CGHS dispensaries. There is no analysis of performance of the dispensary or review of utilization of funds while making fresh allotment of funds. Their utilization neither is monitored nor is any expenditure-benefit analysis carried out. Although the scheme was introduced with welfare angle, it is no denying the fact that the money allocated to the dispensaries should be properly utilized and the benefits should overweigh the expenditure. In the present practice, there is no monitoring mechanism to ensure efficient utilization of funds by the dispensaries, one of the reasons for the same being non-maintenance of financial/cost records properly."
| |
|
Cesarean versus Planned Delivery at Term, 2008.
This paper discusses the article "Maternal Mortality and Severe Morbidity Associated with Low-risk Planned Cesarean Delivery versus Planned Vaginal Delivery at Term" by Liu, Shiliang, Liston, Robert M., Joseph, K.S., Heaman, Maureen, Sauve, Reg,
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 26.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article the writer reviews the scholarly article, "Maternal Mortality and Severe Morbidity Associated with Low-risk Planned Cesarean Delivery versus Planned Vaginal Delivery at Term", about the relative dangers of cesarean section versus vaginal delivery for women. The paper looks at the purpose of the study and summarizes the results. The writer then describes its strengths and weaknesses and outlines how such findings should be utilized in the future. In addition, two key questions that should guide future investigation are enumerated.
Outline:
Abstract
Purpose of the study
Results of the study
Strengths of the study
Weaknesses of the study
How to use these findings in practice
Two questions for future research
From the Paper
"The strengths of the study lie in the fact that few studies this writer has reviewed have been more comprehensive. To wit, the planned cesarean group comprised 46,766 women; for the planned vaginal delivery group, the figure was 2,292,420. Every bit as importantly, the study is longitudinal in nature. Specifically, the study encompasses a 14-year period - a length of time seemingly sufficient to ensure that curious aberrations or anomalies in particular years did not cause fundamental distortions in the findings of the study. Additionally, to ensure the validity of the data findings, the researchers employed adjusted odds ratio and confidence intervals; as well, the authors used multivariate analysis to control for "confounding variables" such as age, year of delivery, and elderly primigravidity - among other factors."
| |
|
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 2008.
This paper explores the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by reviewing a journal article that modeled this theory and by applying TPB to the activities of American soldiers at the Abu Gharib prison in Iraq.
1,380 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 46.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents a review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment-related exercise to show the facets of the theory. Also, the paper uses a very public example that was presented in the media to show the applicability of the theory of planned behavior to explain human behavior. The example chosen was the activities of American soldiers at the Abu Gharib prison in Iraq. The paper concludes with an interpersonal example that is linked to the major hypothesis of the theory of planned behavior.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Journal Article Analyzed: Modeling the Theory of Planned Behavior and Past Behavior
Mass Media Example of the Theory of Planned Behavior: Abu Ghraib Prison Behavior
Personal Interpersonal Example of the Theory of Planned Behavior
From the Paper
"According to Stannard, Zimbardo's study showed that prisons are an institution that are designed to change the psychological make-up of the occupants; what is not clear, is how it affects other occupants, that are their by choice, most notably the guards. Stannard uses Zimbardo's study to state that prisons present an environment where the power differential is so uneven that it presents an environment for abuse, which is prisoners are powerless, while, guards have complete control and complete power."
| |
|
Planned Parenting in the Philippines, 2008.
This study provides an applied anthropological analysis of family planning in the Philippines while assessing the role gender inequities play in family planning preferences.
3,712 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 102.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer of the paper explores planned parenting in the Philippines as it relates to gender equality rights and cultural preferences, using an anthropological perspective and analysis. The paper begins by outlining the evolution of family planning perceptions in the Philippines through recent history and defines how previous perceptions have influenced male and female responsibilities regarding planned parenting. The paper explores this subject using an applied anthropology approach, investigating human behavior and the applications it has to contemporary issues, in this case planned parenting. This approach offers a view of human behavior in the Philippines grounded in cultural exploration and actions resulting from such cultural investigation.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Background to Study
Evolution of Family Planning Perceptions in the Philippines
Overview 1990s and Beyond
Perceptions of Male-Female Responsibilities
Analysis and Conclusions
From the Paper
"The results of the study suggest that historically family planning in the Philippines has been widely ignored despite increasing interest among women to limit the number of children they have.
"While recent initiatives have encouraged more emphasis on modern contraceptive use and methods of pregnancy prevention, recent decentralization of political policy has lead to little motivation for women to seek family planning alternatives and often resorting to abortion as a method of pregnancy prevention. Women seem to be the primary decision-makers when it comes to family planning, although in many cases husbands seem to object based on prenatal beliefs or concerns about the costs associated with family planning. This study also shows that healthcare providers consist largely of women in the Philippines with the exception of doctors, and most of these women often encourage women to engage in safe family planning practice. "
| |
|
Planned Parenthood vs. Casey (1992), 2004.
This paper discusses the Supreme Court case, "Planned Parenthood v. Casey" (1992), which upheld the rights of women to have an abortion as guaranteed by "Roe vs. Wade".
1,790 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 57.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains the events leading to "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey": the State of Pennsylvania amended its Abortion Control Act to require women seeking abortion to 1) give "informed consent" and the doctors to provide information about the health risks of having the abortion prior to the abortion; 2) a "spousal notification"; 3) "parental notification" from parents of minors; and 4) a 24-hour waiting period before obtaining an abortion. The author points out that "Roe vs. Wade." one of the most controversial rulings in the history of U.S. Supreme Court, which generated heated criticism from anti-abortion groups and gave rise to a pro-life movement, predated "Planned Parenthood vs. Casey". The paper concludes that "Casey" is still relevant because the present U.S. administration is clearly in favor of making abortion illegal, the Congress is dominated by Republicans, and there is a possibility of replacement of more than one Justice on the Court during the second Bush term, who most likely will be anti-abortion.
Table of Contents
Background of the Casey Supreme Court
William Rehnquist
Harry Blackmun
Sandra O'Connor
Anthony Kennedy
John Stevens
Antonin Scalia
Byron White
David Souter
Clarence Thomas
Important Pre-Casey Cases
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Doe v. Bolton (1973)
Harris v. MCrae
Webster vs. Reproductive Health Services (1989)
Historical, Social and Legal Background of Casey
Arguments from both Sides
Essentials of the Plurality Decision
Contemporary Reaction to the Case
Legal Reaction to the Case
Historical Impact
Current Relevance
From the Paper
"Several states enacted laws limiting the right of abortion, including laws requiring parental and spousal consent, restricting abortions in clinics, and laws barring state funding for abortions. The Hyde Amendment was passed by the US Congress banning state funds for abortions. In a long series of cases from the mid-1970s to the late 1980s, the Supreme Court consistently struck down several state restrictions on abortions, but upheld restrictions on funding."
|
| Term Paper # 63659 |
temporarily unavailable
|
|
|
|
Planned Parenthood vs. Birthright, 2004.
A comparison of two women's organizations in America that deal with family planning and birth advice.
1,142 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper compares the benefits and advantages of Planned Parenthood and Birthright in order to assess which organization is better. The writer concludes that, even though Planned Parenthood provides a wider array of services and health care, Birthright is the better option for a women experiencing an unplanned pregnancy. Birthright provides friendship, support, non-judgmental encouragement, and endless help in a time of great need. It explains that, while Planned Parenthood provides many notable services to pregnant women, it does not provide a vulnerable woman a place to turn emotionally. Planned Parenthood just provides facts about the options for a pregnancy, including the ?easy way out?: abortion.
From the Paper
"Many organizations provide care for women regarding their reproductive and sexual health. How is a woman experiencing the stress of an unplanned pregnancy to know which organization is the best choice for her? Even though each group provides many of the same services, many differences are evident when comparing each clinic on a point-by-point basis. Planned Parenthood and Birthright are two widely known and respected organizations that provide services to women in need of reproductive health-related care. While both have many similarities, their differences lie in their services provided, mission statements, and position on abortion."
| |
|
The Politics and Economics of the Modern State, 2003.
An examination of the importance of the development of the modern state in shaping both the political and economic orders constitutive of modernity.
3,103 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper embarks on an examination of the development of the modern state. It shows how, once the modern state had developed, it played a crucial role in shaping both the economic and political orders of modernity. Indeed, this work goes further by arguing that the modern state was active in managing, perpetuating, and regulating changes in the economic sphere. Furthermore, it was the central mechanism through which the changes in the political sphere were organised, formalised and exercised. A detailed account of the different ways in which the modern state shaped the political and economic spheres is provided and an attempt is made to explore how the modern state was able to do this. It ends by acknowledging the changing role of the modern state and re-evaluates its importance in a period marked by globalization.
From the Paper
"The ideals of the Enlightenment of the 18th century became inscribed within modernity, these were premised on the notion that the modes of thought and organisation associated with traditional society must be eradicated. Moreover, in the place of traditional society, a new society should be built which is rationally constructed through the application of reason. The Enlightenment marked a final decisive break between traditional society and the modern world and this period was charcterised by a great degree of optimism in the human condition. At the same time however new problems and issues were emerging as a result of the transformations, these can be viewed as being two-fold. Firstly, there was the problem of responding to the changes in the mode of production, and the activities of the bourgeoisie."
| |
|
Planned Parenthood, 2004.
This paper concerns the Planned Parenthood organization in America.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article the writer discusses the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. The writer explores the work done by this organization and looks at its mission statement. The writer also examines how and why the organization is under attack from the religious right.
From the Paper
"The Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc. is the world's largest reproductive health care organization. Planned Parenthood believes in everyone's right to choose when or whether to have a child that every child should be wanted and loved and that women should be in charge of their own reproductive destinies. Planned Parenthood believes in reproductive self-determination and jealously safeguards an individual's right to privacy. The organization believes that reproductive self-determination contributes to an enhancement of the quality of life, strong family relationships and population stability. The stated mission ... "
| |
|
The Elderly and the Theory of Planned Behavior, 2008.
A review of a journal article that modeled the theory of planned behavior and used an experiment related exercise to show the facets of the theory.
945 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the article "Does the theory of planned behavior elements mediate the relationship between perceived constraints and intention to participate in physical activities? A study among older individuals" by A. Konstantinos, B. Vasilis, and T. Charalampos. The paper focuses on how the article effectively uses qualitative research to understand a particular aspect of human development within an empirical human development study. The paper also attempts to determine whether the article was conducted within the necessary specific criteria for qualitative research. The paper concludes that the article seems to have followed the necessary specific requirements, although certain elements remain somewhat questionable.
From the Paper
"The results of the model showed that given the facets of the TPB, participants' behavior and attitude towards exercise was significantly correlated with the actual amount of exercise undertaken. The predictive aspect of the TPB was also validated by the participants who were contacted after the initial study. Overall, this conclusion was validated by triangulating the data, since the human development experiment was to test a very well known theory - theory of planned behavior, and the authors validated this result with other known experiments and the original empirical construct. The literature review conducted was comprehensive and gave a clear picture of what this particular article was adding to the literature, however, the necessary use of different sources, methods, and investigations was rather comprehensive."
| |
|
USSR Planned Economy, 2002.
An analysis of the economic planning system of the Soviet Union.
2,239 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses the government management of the economy in the Soviet Union, through a State planning system. The defining features of the system are outlined, and the strengths and weaknesses of the Soviet planning system are presented. A comparison is provided of the Soviet market to other markets. The privatization of the banks is also explained. The paper examines the fall of the State central system in the USSR and describes the transition to the market system.
From the Paper
"Economic planning was, in the Soviet Union, a pioneering form of economic management by the state, which became indispensable both during the transition from capitalism to socialism and in a socialist society. The Soviet government held that planning was based on a profound knowledge and application of objective socialist economic laws and that it was independent of all desires of individuals. The basic laws of this system defined the aim of economic production as the ?fullest satisfaction of the constantly rising material and cultural requirements of the population, using advanced technology to achieve continued growth and improvement of production? (Lavigne, p. 114). State central planning was viewed by the Soviet Union as the conscious application of economic laws designed to benefit the people through effective use of all natural resources and productive forces."
| |
|
Pre-planned Funerals, 2002.
A research design which examines how different people cope with death by pre-planning and paying for funerals.
2,895 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The proposed study consists of a quasi-experimental research design that addresses issues of whether or not pre-planning and pre-paying for final arrangements is perceived by survivors as a cost-effective way of reducing the escalating cost of such arrangements and whether or not survivors believe that pre-paying and pre-planning effectively prevents funeral homes from capitalizing upon the vulnerability of survivors by increasing costs for final arrangements.
From the Paper
"It has been theorized that survivors commonly experience a wide range and variety of emotions attendant upon the death of a loved one or significant other (Bern-Klug, Ekerdt & Wilkinson, 1999). Among those emotions are shock, denial, and disorganization. Each of these emotions can contribute significantly to the stressfulness associated with making final arrangements for another person who has been of importance in the survivor's life (Leming & Dickinson, 1990). Other studies have suggested that more often than not, the person or group of people who are directly responsible for either making or overseeing final arrangements are typically in some state of crisis and likely to be overwhelmed by grief (Clark, 1987; Scheible Wolf, 1995). "
|
|
|
