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The Central Business District, 2005.
A look at the metamorphosis of the Central Business District in both spatial and temporal terms.
3,853 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The Central Business District(CBD) of any city represents the functional heart of the city. It looks at how, as the focus of intra-urban connectivity, this zone has been deserted, undergone extensive makeovers and been seriously challenged by young up-starts in the form of Out-of-Town Shopping Centres and Hypermarkets at the rural-urban fringe. This paper attempts to examine the hopes, prospects and possible re-birth of the city's most recognized zone. Examples from Singapore, the U.K., the U.S.A. and Japan help put together the pieces of this complicated jig-saw together producing a picture of the fascinating reveal of the new CBD.
From the Paper
"The biggest competitor to the CBD in the 1980s onwards was the Out-of-Town Shopping Centre. Now, ironically, the situation seems to be reversed based on the problems of these peripheral centres and the advances made within the central area. Out-of-Town Centres are not ideal for shoppers interests as the drive to them can be quite time
consuming and interestingly small access roads may be jammed with traffic! In addition, older age groups, the young and poor may not use these centres due to their inability to drive or to purchase in bulk. For these groups the CBD may be a better option. Out-of-Town developments will initially eliminate the local competition in the form of small neighbourhood shops selling low order goods."
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Central Business District, 2002.
A review of the CBD of Galveston Texas (The Strand)
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper presents an over view of the history of Galveston along with the commercial developments at "The Strand." The paper encompasses on the development of The Strand. 6 pgs. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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Downtown Philadelphia, 2004.
This paper analyzes the office market of the central business district of Philadelphia.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Philadelphia's role as the dominant force in the regional economy has slipped because, not only is the market likely to be flooded with open office space, thus driving down rents, but also business offices are spreading out into the region. The author points out that a decline in demand combined with a flood in supply does not bode well for the purchase of the proposed real estate property. The paper recommends not to purchase office space in the CBD of Philadelphia, but rather to purchase or invest in hotel property because tourism in this district is showing a steady growth.
Table of Contents
Local Economy
Competitive Supply
Competitive Demand
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A Philadelphian resurgence in the Central City Business District has been predicted since the early 1990?s. But, from an office owner?s real estate oriented perspective and vantage 2004, is Philadelphia a ?good bet?? What about specifically regarding office space targeted to that of the horary perspective of the legal profession? Would the purchase of a small, Class A office property that would hold a law office and/or some other prospective office tenants be a wise real estate investment? Does the market data back up the status of rhetoric in the popular media regarding the city?s central business district, or ?CBD?? ?Philadelphia has always been an underrated market,? said Arthur Fefferman, president of New York-based AFC Realty Capital, predicting the city?s resurgence. Does this analysis of the previous decade prove true?"
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The U.S. District Court of California, 2007.
A look at several different functions that are critical to the continued operation of the U.S. District Court of the Northern District of California.
1,691 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the U.S. District Court of the Northern District of California and describes nine of the courts' essential functions and the necessity of these functions in order for the courts to continue to operate properly. It concludes with an overview of the subject matter addressed as well as some thoughts from the author.
Outline:
Finance/Accounting
Legal Advocates and Court Interpreters
Technical Support and Litigants
Calendar Clerks and Court Personnel
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The court takes advantage of the opportunity of technology in benefits for users and the court. The strategy of using technology in the court will benefit the transacting process by setting standards and guidelines for the systematic implementation and integration of information technology into the courts. The Technical Support and litigants are to support the Court's administration; judicial function and the way the information are delivered. The use of a program called "eCourt" will be used. The eCourt program has a least amount of disruptions and efficiently deliveries the information to the needed destinations. Another advantage of technology in benefits to the court is the use of digital telephone services and video conferencing for the courts. "
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Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), 2004.
This paper discusses the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), a free trade agreement between the United States and the countries of Central America.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper chronicles the efforts of the Bush Administration to pass the CAFTA, the Central America Free Trade Agreement. The author explains of its benefits. The paper delineates the problems of this legislation.
From the Paper
" On January ..., President Bush announced that the United States would explore a free trade agreement with the countries of Central America. The President said his Administration would work closely with Congress towards this goal. The President added that the purpose of this initiative was to strengthen the economic ties the United States already had with these nations and to reinforce their progress toward economic political and social reform. The Central American Free Trade Agreement CAFTA is a proposed agreement between the United States and Guatemala, ..."
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ELL Programs in the Modern California School District, 2005.
Examines specific programs used in one school district to enhance the learning of ELL (English Language Learners) students.
2,865 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
Modern classrooms must implement several programs to offer an effective educational curriculum to special needs students such as English Language Learners (ELL). Programs will differ from school to school or district to district depending upon demographics and resources available. This paper shows that the several programs offered in the Redlands Unified School District take such considerations into account. The district offers a comprehensive program to start ELL students on their transition to the general education mainstream classroom starting in kindergarten. The paper shows that the students and their parents are offered techniques to obtain the proper education while they learn English. The programs used there, plus several others, are making the California classroom a less stressful and more productive place for ELL students to learn.
From the Paper
"Orando and Rothstein (as cited in Slavin, 2003) state that the educational system is presented with a dilemma when it comes to limited English proficient students. The dilemma is this: The students need to learn English in order to function in society, but how much instruction should they get in their first language? English language learners (ELL) need more aid in learning all subjects because they are also trying to learn English at the same time (Johnson, Musial, Hall, Gollnick & Dupuis, 2005). Those that do speak some English may speak it with an accent or in a dialect and thus feel more comfortable using their primary language during some lessons (Lewis & Doorlag, 2003)."
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"Theodore vs. The Delaware Valley School District", 2005.
This paper argues against the Supreme Court decision regarding drug testing in the case of "Theodore vs. The Delaware Valley School District".
3,275 words (approx. 13.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Delaware Valley School District (Pennsylvania) implemented Policy 227 stating that all middle and high school students who seek to participate in extracurricular activities or request permission to drive to school would be required to submit themselves to random drug and alcohol testing; thereafter, Louis and Mary Ellen Theodore, parents of two exemplary students, filed suit to prevent the School District from continuing to drug test students by stating that Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, which prevents unreasonable searches and seizures, protects their daughters and all students from Policy 227. The author reports that the United States Supreme Court ruled against the school district stating that a drug testing policy without suspicion will survive constitutional challenge only if the school district makes some actual reasons for the specific need for the policy and gives an explanation for believing that the policy would address that need, rejecting any such symbolic purpose as an appropriate reason for drug testing any group of students. The paper argues that Policy 227 is a fine policy with good intentions; instead, the paper contends that Policy 227 should be changing to only test athletes and student drivers, allowing the school district to cite the "Earls" and "Vernonia" cases as being more comparable thus possibly changing the outcome.
From the Paper
"Another pro for the appellees were their ability to further distinguish themselves from "Vernonia" in the fact that case concerned a "strong drug culture in that school led by student athletes who had a lower expectation of privacy than the general body or even students involved in non-athletics extra-curricular activities." Appellees noted that the District had not even attempted to justify its program by proving the existence of an actual drug crisis in the District, much less within the targeted class of students" (J-97-2003, 7). In fact, since Article 1, section 8, provides greater protection than the 4th amendment, the appellees where able to further argue that "even showing of special need could not be viewed as justifying the sort of random, suspicionless searches conducted under policy 227" (J-97-2003, 7)."
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Funding Small School Districts, 2002.
This paper is a review of literature and a proposal for research concerning superintendents of small school districts, their relationship between ethics, mandates, laws, and regulations and the process of funding school districts.
1,315 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper states that there is a critical need for research into the relationships between alternate patterns of educational governance and the ability to mobilize human energy. The paper recommends that research should be done to show how schools can restructure many of their programs to meet the laws and regulations while meeting the needs of the schools. The paper concludes that the hypothesis of this survey research will illustrate how funds and grants should be issued, related to the individual needs of the school and the relationship with the superintendent.
From the Paper
"The top ten factors that influence teachers applying for administration positions are relationship among the board, administration, and teachers; salary, community support, quality of community life, impact of the administrative position on home life, reputation of superintendent, poor working conditions, and the control of the board and the superintendent. Basically this shows that the decisions and actions of the superintendent affect stakeholders. The role of the superintendent is an important one when it comes to the district personnel and the shared vision of the school."
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India's Central Government Health Plan, 2006.
This paper reports original research regarding the financing of India's central government health scheme.
8,750 words (approx. 35.0 pages), 27 sources, APA, $ 183.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the Indian Central Government Health Scheme was launched in 1954 with a dual purpose of providing a comprehensive medical care facility to the Central Government employees and pensioners including their families and to do away with the cumbersome system of medical reimbursement; however, the purposes for which the scheme was launched appear to have been lost given the introduction of private medical care. The author investigated 364 cases, as a random sample from the Postal & RMS (Railway Mail Service), located in the NCR of Delhi and the city of Bangalore, by analyzing the financial implications of treatment at various types of hospitals: Government (GOV), Private Recognized (RP) and Private Unrecognized (UP) hospitals under the CGHS scheme. The paper reports that the percentage satisfaction level for IP treatment in private hospitals is greater than the government hospitals and investigates extensively possible private insurance schemes involving the government. Many tables and charts.
Table of Contents
Research Objectives
A Brief Overview of Functioning of CGHS
Recognition of Private Hospitals by CGHS
Facilities Provided to Serving Employees and their families
Facilities Provided to Central Government Pensioners
Other Facilities in Non-emergency Cases
Emergency Care
Rates of Subscription and Recoveries
Findings
Quantitative Data
Treatment in Different Categories of Hospitals
The Claim Spread
Out-of-Pocket Expenses based on Hospital Types.
Out-of-Pocket Expenses based on Disease Types
In-Patient and Outpatient Treatment: Delhi V/S Bangalore
Comparative Cost of Treatment
Budgetary Allocation, Expenditure and Cost of Treatment-Scheme-Level
Outpatient Cost of Card (Pensioners Included)
Inpatient Cost of Pensioner Card
Average Total Cost of Card for Pensioners
Average Total Cost of Card: Serving Employees
Welfare of Employees and Subsidy-Scheme Level
Implications for the Central Government Health Scheme
Employee Benefit-Case of DOP
Qualitative
ICICI Lombard
Mediclaim or Hospitalization Benefit Insurance Policy
Abbreviations
From the Paper
"Budgetary allocation to CGHS scheme is made every year under various heads based on projected requirements of the CGHS dispensaries. There is no analysis of performance of the dispensary or review of utilization of funds while making fresh allotment of funds. Their utilization neither is monitored nor is any expenditure-benefit analysis carried out. Although the scheme was introduced with welfare angle, it is no denying the fact that the money allocated to the dispensaries should be properly utilized and the benefits should overweigh the expenditure. In the present practice, there is no monitoring mechanism to ensure efficient utilization of funds by the dispensaries, one of the reasons for the same being non-maintenance of financial/cost records properly."
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Central Banks, 2008.
An analysis of the variances of central banks between different countries and over time.
1,629 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the purposes of central banks and the variances that exist between countries in how central banks are instituted and developed from country to country over time. It then discusses the need for central banks to be independent of politics or any other forces and the consequences that can occur if this is not the case.
Table of Contents:
Variations
County to Country
Over Time
Key Concerns: Central Bank Reactions
Independence Issues
From the Paper
"If free market perspectives are to be considered alone, then there is little argument against the need for central bank independence. In such a perspective, any intervention, political or otherwise, can disrupt the free market movements. At the same time, there is argument that such a degree of independence also can deter the ability of government to manage its economic growth. Another argument is that such policies put developing countries at a distinct disadvantage against more developed economies because of economies of scale.
"One of the most popular examples to illustrate the need for central bank independence is the events that led to the Great Depression. In this scenario, governments control of the country's economy, particular its investment policies affecting the monetary value of the country's currency, as a key contributing factor for the collapse. In its objective to encourage the expansion of the economy to prevent a recession because of similar recession in European markets through spending, the U.S. economy literally was not able to support expectations in the market. However, in the case of the Asian Financial Crisis, analysts now believe that it was the emphasis on liberalization encouraged policies that will eventually left governments unable to respond to kicks in inflation and maintain currency stability."
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Eastern, Central and Western Europe, 2007.
This paper reviews Ivan T. Berend's "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century".
1,348 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Ivan T. Berend, in his book "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century", discusses the perceptible insecurity of Eastern and Central Europe as it witnessed the dramatic rise of Western Europe to global prominence. The paper then examines Berend's failure, in the book, to draw the explicit linkages that might make the unfolding of Central and Eastern European history more comprehensible to first-time students. Additionally, the paper points out the strong and lucid organization of Berend's work but concludes that, while a generally engaging and well-written text, Berend's work is certainly not without its apparent flaws. .
From the Paper
"To begin with, Berend does a capable job of outlining the instigating factors which made it incumbent upon Eastern Europe to "modernize". Not least of all, Eastern and Central Europe was compelled to re-assess its own progress and economic system in light of the startling ascendancy of the west. Most crucial of all, Berend touches upon the fact that Eastern European and Central European nations felt themselves not only backward relative to the west, but also vulnerable to any expansionist ambitions their western colleagues might contemplate. In a related vein, the elite of the aforementioned nations was troubled by the fact that it was being consigned (indeed, already was consigned) to the continental periphery (Berend, 1; for a further discussion of Western European ascendancy, please see also pages 5-8). The inclusion of such sentiments in the book may seem a small matter, but what Berend has done is remind readers of how so much of what passed for Central and European politics in the "long nineteenth century" was motivated feelings of fear and pangs of insecurity."
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Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD), 2004.
This paper relates the history and function of the Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD) and other agencies relating to parks, recreation, and wildlife conservation.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that the Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD)
was founded as the Illinois Association of Conservation and Park Districts 75 years ago to establish and protection parks and to conserve wildlife. The author points out that the historic ?Park Law Codification Bill?, signed in 1951, combines all the various laws pertaining to the issues of park conservatism into one single section of the state law. The paper relates that, today, each of the more than 40 park districts, forests, and conservation parks in the state of Illinois has a police force to patrol, routinely enforcing laws regarding recreation, hunting, and boating, and especially the use of drugs and alcohol.
From the Paper
"The DNR or the Illinois Department of Natural Resources states that its mission is to protect and manage and to conserve the various natural resources that the state of Illinois can very proudly boast of, and to provide those recreational opportunities to interested people that would not harm or spoil these natural resources in any manner. The Educational Department of the DNR was launched in the year 1995, with the primary aim of the development of educational methods and of the training methods involved in the conservation of natural resources of Illinois. It also was to provide hands on training for those persons wanting to indulge in the various outdoor activities that Illinois offers, such as snowmobiling, boating and hunting methods."
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The Spadina District, 2005.
An urban history trail of the Spadina district.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The paper proposes that a "first view" of the Spadina district is an exercise in contradiction. The paper examines how we are used to thinking of residential and industrial/commercial uses as occupying distinct "zones" of our urban spaces, the development of the Spadina district has been defined over time by an intimate and dynamic interrelationship of these two uses of urban space. As this essay reveals, this mixture of uses has continued to define the Spadina district into the present day.
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District Development, 2007.
A look at some of the challenges facing district development planners.
1,492 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how several challenges face district development planners today and how issues of democracy and decentralization have made district planning much more complicated and challenging than the case was in the past. It looks at how communities today expect their power and participation levels to be fully concomitant with their ideals of democracy and empowerment as provided by the Constitution. It also discusses how issues relating to the nature of each specific community need to be taken into account for optimal planning. The most important element of district planning is community participation. Only in involving as much as possible of the community, can effective ideas come forward in setting community goals and targeted achievement.
From the Paper
"J. Norman Reid for example emphasizes the need for community participation in his focus for effective development and planning. According to Mr. Reid, active community participation is beneficial in several respects. This aspect for example results in greater community empowerment. This in turn creates a better economy for that community in that a participating community tends to apply for an receive more funding than a non-participating one. Thirdly, citizen satisfaction within a participating community is greater, as the sense and evidence of accomplishment can be appreciated by all participating parties."
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Hispanics in the Central Valley, 2008.
This paper explores labor violations and residential segregation in the Central (Sierra) Valley, California.
5,399 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 132.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the Central Valley's residential segregation that has been produced by the unequal labor standards afflicting Hispanic immigrants specifically. The paper explores how Hispanic immigrants continue to experience some of the lowest levels of integration, due to residential separation, labor conditions and treatment by institutional agencies. The paper provides policy recommendations to protect the labor rights of immigrant populations that would align American policy more closely with the ideals established in the U.S. Constitution and would improve the overall strength and optimization of the U.S. economy.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview
California and the Central Valley
Analysis of Immigration and Segregation in the Central Valley
Conclusion
Recommendations
From the Paper
"California is amongst the most diverse states in the United States, and its Central Region, which can be found just at the base of the great Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, is especially a bastion of this diversity. California's importance as a destination for so many immigrants, and in particular, for Hispanic immigrants and especially those arriving from Mexico, is directly related to its promise of economic opportunity. The vast array of agricultural operations, construction contracts and production operations coming into developing in this non-coastal area has drawn countless newcomers seeking opportunities and has directly contributed to the overall diversity of the state. Even as the Central Sierra Region has long been a home only to white California residents, its proximity to the site for the state's most promising growth sectors has produced a residential segregation that has come to define the Hispanic immigrant experience in the Central Valley."
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