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Causal Analysis of Consumer Culture, 2004.
Compares two works, "Work and Spend" by Juliet Schor and "Delectable Materialism" by Michael Schudson, on consumer culture.
815 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and compares the writings of two authors on the cause and effect of consumerism. The paper argues that, of the two books, Schudson's analysis in "Delectable Materialism" is more plausible than that of Schor's in "Work and Spend". The paper outlines Schor's work and then explains Schor's inability to establish cause and effect in her hypothesis. The paper then outlines Schudson's work and shows how he has established a cause-effect relationship in his hypothesis on consumer culture.
From the Paper
"In developing the argument that capitalism and advertising have created a consumerist treadmill resulting in discontent, Schor traces the advent of consumerism as concurrent with the development of the market system and the growth of the middle class. As further support of her claim, she cites the historically relative absence of materialism prior to the advent of capitalism. Thus, Schor concludes that it was capitalism that precipitated the rise of a consumerist culture and the breakdown of historical values: ?Thrift and sobriety were out; waste and excess were in?in the midst of all this buying, we can discern the origins of modern consumer discontent? (Work and Spend). The key to Schor?s hypothesis here is the apparent absence of materialism prior to the advent of capitalism. However, the seeming absence of consumerism could well have been a function of other factors such as lower incomes and more important, the absence of a wide range of consumer goods."
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Consumer Laws in the United Kingdom, 2002.
This paper uses a case study to examine United Kingdom Consumer Laws and Consumer criminal laws. The laws are meant to protect consumers against defective and unsafe products and services.
16,682 words (approx. 66.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
United Kingdom Consumer Laws and Consumer criminal Laws are meant to protect consumers against defective and unsafe products and services. They can be invoked if a consumer feels he was taken for a ride and given product or service, which did not meet his needs or was faulty in any sense. We need to understand that certain conditions apply when these laws are made use of to bring charges against a trader. For example, the nature of product or service doesn't count at all but the length of use; special seller instructions, representation of a product etc. play a dominant role in determining the exact nature of breach of contract between the seller and the consumer.
Proposal-Introduction
Executive Summary
-------Rights and Liabilities-Used car
-------Rights and Liabilities-Seat cover
-------Rights and Liabilities- Cell batteries
-------Rights and Liabilities-Re-roofing
-------Rights and liabilities-Dogs
Conclusions/Recommendations
From the Paper
"Eleanor and Nicos needed to purchase a second-hand car and visited Solid Cars for this purpose. There they found a Range Rover, which was being offered for ?2,000. The salesman informed them the original engine of the Rover had been replaced with a reconditioned engine. After initial discussions with the salesman, they agreed to purchase the vehicle through their debit card. The salesman however told them few things, which later proved to be incorrect and caused them several problems during test-drive."
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Consumer Behavior, 2002.
This research examines consumer behavior and demand and considers the ways in which companies can use consumer behavior theory to increase demand and quantity demanded goods and services.
3,854 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how companies need to understand consumer behavior in order to determine the best way to shift demand in favor of their products. When companies are able to ascertain why consumers purchase particular goods and services, they can tailor their marketing efforts to address the needs of consumers. It explains how this increases sales, and improves the profit performance of the organization. It also discusses how consumer behavior can also help companies increase demand by helping consumers accept new uses for existing goods and services. It examines the close relationship between consumer behavior, demand, and marketing.
From the Paper
"According to some analysts, American consumers are spending a higher percentage of their incomes than most other industrial nations, and even higher percentages than they have in the past. In 1998, consumer income increased by five percent, but consumer spending increased six percent. Consumer saving was approximately one-half of one percent of income (Walden, 1999, p. 46).
At the same time, consumers are taking on additional debt, also for purchases. American consumers spend an average of 18 percent of income on non-home loans, a record level of indebtedness (Walden, 1999, p. 46). This causes some economists to be concerned about the possible ramifications of a downturn in the economy. The concern is that consumers lacking sufficient savings to withstand a downturn will slow or even halt spending, and some consumers may be forced into bankruptcy in this situation because they lack appropriate financial resources."
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The Consumer Movement, 2002.
This paper discusses the consumer movement, which represented the effort to protect consumers' interests in the face of big business.
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Promoting consumer protection, the movement has always favored cooperative and other reformist efforts, since it sought to make big business accountable to the consumer. In light of the triumph of market forces, and the failure of Ralph Nader to achieve broad popular support, it is clear that the consumer movement has not succeeded in achieving consumer sovereignty.
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Consumer Behavior, 2006.
An analysis of the importance of consumer behavior.
908 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the study of consumer behavior helps organizations improve marketing strategies by understanding how certain issues such as buyer psychology and behavior affect purchasing decisions. By understanding the consumer, organizations will be able to make more informed decisions as to which strategy to employ and improve their marketing campaigns and marketing strategies to more effectively reach the consumer. This paper defines consumer behavior and provides an example of a consumer purchase demonstrating how each of the 4 Ps (product, price, promotion, and place) of marketing impacted the purchase.
Outline:
Abstract
Definition
The 4 P's of Marketing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"One definition of consumer behavior is "The study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society" (Hawkins, 2004). Another definition according to the American Marketing Association is that consumer behavior is "the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behavior, and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives." More generally, consumer behavior is the psychology behind marketing and the behavior of consumers in the marketing environment (American Marketing Association, 2006)."
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Consumer Decision Making, 2007.
An in-depth research paper on the consumer decision making process for purchasing property in Spain.
11,610 words (approx. 46.4 pages), 30 sources, APA, $ 226.95
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Abstract
This study investigates the decision process of consumers purchasing property in Spain. The paper focuses on the underlying reasons for purchasing a property in Spain, the methods used by the purchaser to gather information and the overall satisfaction with the purchase process. The paper links a report about current theories on consumer purchasing behaviour to the purchase of property abroad.
The investigation reveals a clear link between the level of satisfaction of the purchase process and the level of information and advice sought. The paper includes flow charts, tables, and graphs. It also appends the questionnaire used in the research and data analysis pages.
Outline:
Abstract
Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Appendices
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1 Aspects and Foundation of the Research
1.2 Aim of the Research
1.3 Objectives of the Research
1.4 Hypothesis
2. Literature Review
2.1 Consumer Behaviour
2.2 The Consumer Decision Process
2.3 Problem Recognition
2.4 Information Search
2.4.1 Do Consumers Always Search Rationally?
2.4.2 Determinants of Information Search
2.4.3 Type of search
2.4.4 Evaluation of Alternatives
2.5 The Decision
2.5.1 Affect Referral Rules
2.5.2 Non Compensatory Decision Rules
2.5.3The Lexicographic Rule
2.5.4 Compensatory Decision Rules
2.5.5 Modified Rules for Research
3. Methodology
3.1 Methodology in Similar Research
3.2 Research Approach
3.3 Research Strategy
3.4 Method
3.4.1 Channels of Distribution
3.4.2 Ethics
3.4.3 Data Collection and Analysis
3.4.4 CHI-Square Test
3.4.5 Elements of Bias
3.4.6 Sampling
3.4.7 Pilot Study
3.4.8 Research Constraints
3.4.9 Response Rate
3.4.10 Variables
3.5 Null Hypothesis
4. Results
4.1 CHI Square Test
4.2 Data Interpretation
4.3 Summary of Key Findings
5. Discussion
5.1 Pre Purchase Process
5.1.1 Information Search
5.2 Purchase Process
5.3 Post Purchase Process
5.3.1 Consumer Behaviour Models
5.4 Consumer Profile
6. Conclusion
7. Recommendations and Further Research
8. References
9. Appendices
10. Glossary
From the Paper
"Nicosia proposed a model that concentrated on the buying decision for a new product (illustrated in figure 2). The first stage of the model concentrated on the marketers' attempts to communicate with the consumer and the consumer's predisposition to act in a certain way. The scope of this research did not allow for the exploration of marketers' communication methods. However, the second stage of the model involved the consumer in a search evaluation process, which is influenced by attitudes. This follows a similar process to the Andreason model but it allowed the consumer to evaluate the process."
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The Consumer Protection Act, 2005.
This paper discusses the Consumer Protection Act and examines its implications with regards to real estate matters.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six page graduate paper examines the Consumer Protection Act. The author notes that in examining how the Consumer Protection Act relates to real estate and real estate transactions, it is evident that the CPA reflects the fundamental principle of protecting prospective buyers from sellers who are tempted to engage in deception and fraud. Consumer protection laws, many of which have been incorporated into the Consumer Protection Act, mandate that a seller cannot generally take any action or fail to take any action that may result in a consumer being deceived or misled through false claims, ambiguity, exaggeration, or innuendo.
From the Paper
"In examining how the Consumer Protection Act relates to real estate and real estate transactions, it is evident that the CPA reflects the fundamental principle of protecting prospective buyers from sellers who are tempted to engage in deception and fraud. Consumer protection laws, many of which have been incorporated into the Consumer Protection Act, mandate that a seller cannot generally take any action or fail to take any action that may result in a consumer being deceived or misled through false claims, ambiguity, exaggeration, or innuendo."
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Critical Elements of Business and Consumer Marketing, 2001.
Compares and contrasts business marketing (the sales from business to business) with consumer marketing (the sales from business to consumer).
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 0 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"The essential similarity between business marketing and consumer marketing is of course, sales. Business marketing takes into account such widely used terms as industrial marketing, organizational marketing, and business-to-business marketing. Business marketing is the intermediary marketplace between the wholesale and retail markets. In a very real sense, the business marketplace is the final rung on the ladder, before the retail market redefines the cost, placement, and packaging of products that have already been created, sold, and placed on the world market.
If business marketing is built more around the nuts and bolts of bulk products, then consumer marketing is much more concerned..."
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Consumer Product Testing, 2006.
A research proposal regarding consumer product testing.
1,723 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses consumer product development and how new products are being offered and marketed to the retail consumer. According to the paper, these new products must be subjected to rigorous product testing before being released on the market. The paper further discusses how testing a new consumer product before retail involves testing the product with respect to not only consumer appeal and usability, but also in terms of its substantive qualities such as strength, fire retardation and assembly. This research proposal is an outline of what must occur when conducting consumer product testing.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Problem
Sample Procedures
Descriptive Statistics and Research Outcomes
Conclusion
From the Paper
"With reference to the sample selection issue the investigator is obliged to follow the principal of random sampling and if this cannot be achieved then the statistical tool chosen to analyze the data must be modified to correct the non-random selection process. However, randomization is always the best rule to follow. In the above-described focus group situation the 25 member sample would be obtained by one of two methods: garnering information about the number of toddlers currently attending as many as 10 local daycare centers wherein the enrollment is at least 30. Out of the 300 possible population, 25 mothers and fathers would randomly be selected and asked to participate in the focus group. The actual selection process would be based on the Table of Random Numbers sampling technique (Kerlinger, 1964). Further, knowing that a parent's time is valuable each attendee would be paid a reasonable amount to attend the focus group seminar. The data obtained from the focus group would then be tabulated with respect to that which is most important to parents when selecting a safe toy for their children. Those items most important would then be followed up my actual lab testing of the toy itself."
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Consumer Manipulation through Advertising, 1990.
This paper discusses consumer manipulation through advertising: Sexual and other stimulants to influence purchase, movie stars, subliminal seduction and stereotyped thinking to trade on the consumer's lack of self-confidence and fears.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the topic of consumer manipulation through advertising. There are a number of ways in which advertisers may try to persuade the public to buy their products. However, it has been found that one of the most effective ways to stimulate buying behavior is through the manipulation of people's fears and desires. In the words of one advertising director: "Fear, envy, vanity, health, utility, profit, pride, love and entertainment. If you ever spend money it will be for one of those reasons". Research studies have tended to support this view, and as such there are numerous indications that consumer decision making is more strongly motivated by emotional, rather than rational, needs.
Advertisers have long been aware that sex is the most powerful stimulant for influencing the public to buy. ,,, "
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The Consumer Revolution, 2005.
This paper discusses the causes of the development of the eighteenth century consumer revolution in England, the first industrialized country.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the phenomenon of material consumption is an integral aspect of contemporary society, but the 'consumer revolution' occurred in Britain in the eighteenth century resulting in the emergence of a whole new class of consumers through the rise in family incomes and hence an increase in their personal disposable incomes. The author points out that the availability of new goods, through (1) the development of the British Empire and increase in colonial power and (2) expansion and change of British based manufacturers, clearly fuelled the surge in consumer spending on new exotic goods and fashion. The paper states that the English society was a perfect breeding ground for this change and is the most significant contribution to the 'consumer revolution'; the desire to consume--the demand--was always there and industrialization 'supplied' the goods.
From the Paper
"Economic development was the key to understanding why material objects were no longer limited to the few, but were brought within the reach of an increasing number of people. Also key to this understanding and to what our topic is concerned, was the vast metamorphosis in style, variety and availability of exotic, new and traditional goods. Even necessities witnessed a transformation in their production giving more choice to the ever discerning consumer. It is of course true that the availability and changing demand of these so-called 'new' goods contributed heavily to the emergence of this material culture, but what we must also stress that the desire to consume was always there. It was the ability to do so that was that was new."
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Consumer Behavior at McDonald's, 2004.
A study into the nature of consumer behavior in England using McDonald's as an example.
7,050 words (approx. 28.2 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 158.95
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Abstract
This paper aims to analyze consumer behavior patterns in the United Kingdom, since consumer behavior plays such a large role in the success of all fast food restaurants around the world. The paper begins by looking at the importance of the study, in general, and why understanding consumer behavior is relevant. This is followed by a close analysis of the consumer behavior involved in making fast food decisions, health and environmental issues, social and economic impacts.
From the Paper
"In addition to subcultures, every society has some type of social class structure. Social classes are mostly permanent divisions in a society whose members share similar values, interests, and behaviors. Social class is not determined by a single factor such as income but is measured as a combination of occupation, income, education, wealth, and other factors. Marketers must pay attention to social class because people within a given social class often demonstrate similar behaviors, including buying behavior. Social classes show distinct product and brand preferences in many areas, including clothing, home furnishings, food choices, and more."
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Consumer Psychology and Marketing Performance, 2005.
This paper is an extensive research paper on the effect of consumer psychology on marketing performance using a case study of Altuwairqi Group of Companies in Saudi Arabia.
45,360 words (approx. 181.4 pages), 49 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that, although relationship marketing is now popular, many of the relationships businesses have with their customers are actually rather troubled and complex, even though the businesses often do not realize this; it is important to understand why this is the case so that consumer psychology and consumer behavior make more sense. The author points out that little information about the Altuwairqi Group of Companies is available in any kind of verifiable form; however, this does not mean that a study cannot be done, only that this issue must be recognized as a limitation of the study. The paper indicates that there is a positive relationship between listening to what the consumers want and the success of the company.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
Statement of the Problem
Research Questions and Hypotheses
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Validity and Uniqueness of the Data
Significance of the Study
Researcher Biases
Summary
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Research Design and Rationale
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Summary
Analysis of the Data
Summary, Recommendations, and Conclusion
Summary of the Findings
Recommendations
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Research suggests that many consumers develop coping strategies that they utilize to deal with some of the problems that the marketplace brings on for them, but these strategies do not always work that well for everyone. These various strategies are important, however, as they are designed to minimize, eliminate, or otherwise find a way to control many of the quality of life issues that these consumers feel are caused by the marketplace in general. These consumers then develop rules of purchasing and consumption that help to get them through the day and keep them from focusing on the problems that they have which are related to businesses."
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The Avid Consumer, 2005.
A discussion on the relationship between businesses and consumers, based on the article "Companies tap into consumer passion" by Georgia Flight.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper examines Georgia Flight's brief article "Companies tap into consumer passion", and reviews what it portends for business customer relations. The paper explains that the article discusses a new type of relationship between the businesses and their customers, with the customer taking control of the innovation process as well as the creative process to produce work uniquely suited for their particular needs and concerns.
From the Paper
"There can be little doubt that superior customer service is at the heart of any successful organization. With that in mind, it is increasingly apparent that customer service today entails something radically different than its predecessors. To wit, the effective customer service of the present and certainly the future will be focused upon reversing the flow of information. in short, it will now be the customer directing the creative process and marketers and advertisers who will merely be serving as conduits and receptors; incidentally, this new phenomenon also lies at the heart of the following paper."
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Consumer Behavior, 2001.
An analytical essay from a psychological approach about the decision- making process in consumer behavior.
3,445 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 8 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the consumer decision making process with reference to psychological factors (consumer?s needs, values, motives and perceptions). The author describes high and low involvement decision making, emphasizing their role in consumer behavior. The author goes further and provides marketing strategies and examples to illustrate the influence of high and low involvement decision-making.
From the Paper
? Consumer decision making consists of numerous interrelated decisions that are made on a daily basis, and thus requires a certain level of involvement, theorized as either high involvement or low involvement (Walters & Bergiel, 1989). This essay discusses their role in consumer behavior, referring to factors, consequences and strategies. Decision making is a psychological process that involves evaluating alternatives and then choosing a particular one. An important material of decision making is information, which must be procured, sensed and conveyed to those who need it (Cooper, 1964). Many decisions are concerned with choices about preferences, which can be made using a variety of strategies (Weiten, 1995). An additive strategy is the list of attributes that influence decision, rated according to desirability. For example, buying a small car because of its lower cost and better mileage, even though a larger car is safer, thus one compensates safety ratings. Another strategy called elimination-by ?aspects, involves eliminating less attractive choices. Thus one would eliminate all cars that cost more than $50 00 and continue to reject choices that don?t satisfy minimum criterion on selected attributes, until a single alternative remains (Weiten, 1995). These psychological strategies will be elaborated on at a later point in the essay."
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