| Papers [1-15] of 87 :: [Page 1 of 6] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 —> | Search results on "CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE": |
|
|
African-American Women and Cardiovascular Disease, 2008.
An examination of why African-American women suffer greater cardiovascular disease than the general population.
1,769 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 57.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper examines the race-associated differences in health outcomes among African-American women with CVD (Cardiovascular Disease). The paper explains that African Americans suffer greater incidence of cardiovascular disease, and women women suffer cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease in greater numbers than men. The combination of the two: African-American women, suffer greater cardiovascular disease than the general population in the United States. The paper demonstrates that the above statements are true, and analyzes the causes for this discrepancy in cardiovascular diagnosis and care. The paper then looks at both the demographic as well as the socioeconomic and ethnological reasons for the difference in cardiovascular care. The paper also points out that women experience a greater amount of heart disease, and a lower level of treatment than men. This paper examines the reasons for that discrepancy as well.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Underlying Causes of Heart Disease
African-American Women and Heart Disease
Lifestyle, Heredity and Demographics
Differences in Medical Care
Differences in Demographics
Women's Lower Rate of CHD Treatment
African American Distrust of Physicians and the Medical System
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Although death from coronary heart disease (CHD) is declining for both African Americans and white Americans, the rates are declining faster for white Americans than their Black counterparts. According to the AHA, the incidence of deaths by whites from CHD has declined 46% and 40% for white men and women, respectively, while it has declined 33% and 27% for African American men and women respectively from 1979 to 2002 (AORN, 2002). The AHA posited that the lower decline in the death rate from CHD for African Americans was due primarily to heredity and life style habits."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Disease, 2009.
This paper examines psychological influences that can be a contributing factor to cardiovascular disease
2,420 words (approx. 9.7 pages), 26 sources, APA, $ 73.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This essay examines the psychological characteristics and psychosocial factors associated with, or causative of, cardiovascular disease. The essay also addresses some models like the cardio reactivity model, psychoneuroimmunology, the role of the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular disease, and the HPA axis. The association of certain psychosocial risk factors such as depression leading to medical non-compliance is also dealt with.
Outline:
Introduction
Psychological Factors Associated With or Causative of Cardiovascular Disease
Psychosocial Factors
Cardio Reactivity Model
Psychoneuroimmunology
The Involvement of the Sympathetic Nervous System
The HPA Axis
Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors with Certain Health Behaviors
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Psychological risk factors for coronary syndromes belong to three categories. These include: chronic, episodic, and acute psychological risk factors (Kop, 1999). Chronic psychological risk factors (like hostility) lead to a gradual progression of coronary artery disease. The temporal relation to coronary syndrome is 10 years and the associated cardiovascular risks include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and increased sympathetic activation. The pathophysiology involves sympathetic activity and elevated lipids. The primary pathological result is atherosclerosis (Kop, 1999).
"Psychological risk factors, which occur episodically (like exhaustion) have a duration, which lasts from few months to two years and can occur again. The temporal relation to coronary syndrome is 2 years and the associated cardiovascular risks include increased blood clotting and inflammation, and a shift of sympatho-vagal balance. The pathophysiology involves sympatho-vagal imbalance, neurohormonal changes, and a procoagulant state. The primary pathological result is altered homeostasis (Kop, 1999)."
| |
|
Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease, 2004.
A research design to examine the influence of decreased cholesterol consumption on mortality from cardiovascular diseases.
758 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in the industrialized world. At the same time, high blood cholesterol is known to be a risk factor for heart disease. Decreasing total blood cholesterol can have a profound effect, reducing the incidence of coronary heart disease by close to 30%. Further, there is a wide variety of research that links blood cholesterol levels to heart disease and mortality. This paper presents a design for a study that aims to add to this body of evidence by investigating the impact of decreased cholesterol consumption on mortality from cardiovascular disease.
From the Paper
"In each facility, 1,000 research subjects will be recruited using voluntary recruitment procedures. Advertisements for volunteers will be placed in local newspapers, community message boards, and clinic and emergency waiting rooms. Subjects will range in age upwards from 21 years of age. Subjects will not be excluded from the study on any medical or other grounds. This wide range of subjects and large sample size will allow researchers to correlate cholesterol intake with a number of other factors, including age, sex, race, place of residence, and other medical conditions."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Disease and Low Fitness, 2008.
A review of the limitations of "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland.
872 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews the article, "Prevalence and Cardiovascular Disease Correlates of Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adolescents and Adults," written by Mercedes R. Carnethon, Martha Gulati and Philip Greenland. It discusses the purpose of the study, the results and conclusions and the limitations of the study's methods.
From the Paper
"The age selection was quite broad, so the study could control for other fitness factors relating to age impinging upon the results. But there is an obvious weakness in using such a large sampling. The population size is so diluted and generalized in its composition that the conclusions drawn from the study may be too vague to be of prescriptive use. To conduct the study, the authors submitted the test subjects to submaximal treadmill testing so they reached at least 75% to 90% of their age-predicted maximum heart rate. Maximal oxygen consumption, or VO2 max, was estimated by measuring their heart rate response to their effort. Low levels of fitness were defined by using percentile cut-off points of estimated VO2 max from existing external referent populations. In other words, the VO2 max definitions of fitness were derived purely from preexisting literature and studies. Similarly, the other physical and laboratory CVD risk factors measured according to standard methods were derived from preexisting literature."
| |
|
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease, 2006.
A definition and overview of cardiovascular disease and what we should do to prevent it.
823 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that cardiovascular diseases can be prevented by eating healthfully, participating regularly in aerobic activity, and by not smoking. The paper describes a diet that is heart healthy and stresses the importance of physical aerobic activity and the avoidance of cigarettes.
From the Paper
"Nearly twenty percent of the American population has a form of Cardiovascular Disease. In 2002, thirty-five percent of the deaths in the United States were related to heart and blood vessel diseases according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Cardiovascular Disease includes Coronary Heart Disease, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, and stroke. Some causes for Cardiovascular Disease can be attributed to physical inactivity, unhealthy nutritional planning, smoking, and age."
| |
|
Mediterranean Diet and Cardiovascular Disease, 2007.
This paper discusses the connection between a Mediterranean diet and the reduction of cardiovascular disease.
3,807 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 104.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Mediterranean diet, which is a nutritional model inspired by the traditional diets of the Mediterranean area of Europe. The writer explains that the traditional Mediterranean diet includes a lot of fruits and vegetables, breads and whole grains, olive oil, fish and that the Mediterranean diet does not include a lot of meat or dairy. The writer then discusses that although some people are concerned about adequate nutrient levels of this diet, as well as concerns about the speculated weight gain from the olive oil, clinical trials have repeatedly shown that this is a healthful dietary choice. Further, the writer notes that from the perspective of cardiac rehabilitation, it is important to note the significant findings from many studies show that a Mediterranean-type diet is likely to reduce the risk of cardiac problems.
From the Paper
"Over three thousand men and women from Attica, Greece, were studied to determine the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the incidents of both heart disease and cancer, as related to the total antioxidant capacity of these individuals who do not show any clinical signs of cardiovascular disease. The difference between this study and the majority of studies that had been completed previously is that in previous studies, individual nutrients or foods were analyzed. In this study, however, the complete Mediterranean dietary pattern is taken into consideration for analysis, giving more insight into the potential benefits of this dietary style. Each of the participants in the study was first assessed using a diet score to determine how strictly each set of personal eating habits follow the traditional Mediterranean diet. According to the study by Pitsavos, there was a direct correlation between how closely an individual followed the "inherent characteristics of this diet" and cardiovascular health; specifically, the Mediterranean diet is shown to encourage high levels of total antioxidant capacity, as well as lower oxidized LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Total antioxidant capacity is positively correlated with the consumption of olive oil, red wine, and fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, diets high in animal fats and saturated fats induce atherosclerotic diseases. These factors help to explain why the Mediterranean diet is healthful, though these are not necessarily the only factors involved."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Disease, 2006.
A study of the natural history of heart disease.
1,813 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper studies descriptive epidemiology as it relates to the natural history of cardiovascular disease. It begins with an overview of descriptive epidemiology and its application to the heart followed by the presentation of a number of findings from the Bogalusa Heart Study of 1972 through 1997. The paper concludes with a look at new studies and techniques, which are based on the Bogalusa model. Included is the beta-cath system for radiating an artery wall.
Outline
Introduction
Problem Background
Findings
Conclusions and Summary
From the Paper
"At its simplest level, Epidemiology can be to have the description of the application of statistical methodologies to analyze the determinants of health and illness of a given population or sub-group within the population. This sort of analysis therefore has an application to the planning and evaluation of interventions and to the causation and prevention of illness. Moreover, as with most sciences Epidemiology presents itself in various formats and although the central role of Epidemiology within a department is to provide valid, reliable and appropriately interpreted data upon which decisions can be based, Epidemiology is usually divided, in a somewhat arbitrary manner along several lines. Our concern here however is with Descriptive Epidemiology as it relates to the epidemiology and natural history of Cardiovascular Disease."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Disease, 2006.
A thorough discussion of coronary heart disease risk factors among the elderly.
3,790 words (approx. 15.2 pages), 30 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that hypertension, high levels of cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), smoking and lack of physical activity are the four identifiable and modifiable risk factors associated with the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and that these factors are especially high contributors to coronary artery disease in the elderly. The paper also examines the factors that make the elderly especially at risk for heart disease and discusses the prevention and treatment of the disease as well.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Focus and Intent
Critical Discussion
From the Paper
"The elderly, those 65 years of age and older, are the fastest growing age group in the United States. "Individuals join the ranks of the elderly population at the rate of approximately 1,000 per day, and that number is likely to increase because the average life expectancy for persons reaching age 65 years is now an additional 15 years." In 1991, There were 30 million persons aged 65 years or greater in the United States, in 1991 and this figure is expected to increase to almost 50 million by the year 2020, approximately 20% of the population."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Disease Disparities, 2001.
An analysis of hypertension disparities and policy development in the African-American and Caucasian societies.
3,515 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 28 sources, APA, $ 98.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The number of existing cases of high blood pressure is nearly 40% higher in blacks than in whites and its effects are more frequent and severe in this population. Recent emphasis on racial/ethnic health disparities in the field of public health has led to a call for the development of socio-ecological approaches toward the elimination of cardiovascular disease disparities, however solutions to the problem are typically directed at health behavior change. This paper examines policies addressing hypertension disparities enacted at the federal level during the last five years, provides an overview of the problem definitions and solutions framed to set the agenda for these policies, explores the role of key policy actors in setting the policy agenda for the reduction of hypertension disparities, and makes recommendations for a different problem definition (less individualistic) with plausible solutions.
From the Paper
"African Americans are disproportionately burdened with disease morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension.1 The existence of these racial disparities warrants public health policy attention for two reasons: first, the constitution delegates the ?responsibility to protect and promote the welfare of the public? to the government (Scutchfield & Keck, 1997) and the existence of these disparities suggests that the welfare of some citizens is not being protected; second, the ethical framework for public policy development, which includes the egalitarian perspective of justice, holds that ?everyone should have equal access to both the benefits and burdens arising from the pursuit of health? (Longest 1998); however, current research on disparities highlights inequalities in access to employment, education, housing, and healthcare as underlying reasons for gaps in health status (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2000; Ren & Amick, 1996; Kawachi, Kennedy & Wilkinson, 1999)."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Disease and Soy Protein, 2001.
Discusses benefits in reducing risk of coronary heart disease. Effects of cholesterol level & on blood pressure.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 12 sources, $ 39.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"Purpose
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and many other countries. Soy protein has been identified as a substance that may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. This research paper investigates the benefits of soy for the cardiovascular system. A questionnaire developed by the investigator was used as a technical component to survey soy benefits related to cardiovascular health. The literature reports the benefits of soy regarding cardiovascular disease. This study will provide additional support regarding these soy benefits.
Literature Review
This literature review discusses the benefits of soy for.."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Diseases, 2005.
This paper discusses the psychosocial factors in cardiovascular diseases.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, $ 62.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that research has demonstrated that the psychosocial status of the individual is likely to correlate to their cardiovascular fitness. The author points out that positive social roles correlate to a positive status, while negative social roles lead to a lower level of status. The paper uses the Kolcaba Comfort Care Model to identify and promote positive psychosocial development in patients.
From the Paper
"A growing body of data suggests that the emergence and severity of cardiovascular disease is contributed to by the psychosocial status of the body (Barry, 1996). The psychosocial status of the body refers to the correlation of social and psychological factors, and the impact that these factors have - both combined and separately - on the individual's physical status (Barry, 1996; Catherall, 2004). Data suggests that the psychosocial status of the individual has active correlates to the onset and development of heart disease, particularly cardiovascular failure (Drench, 2002; Catherall, 2004). "
| |
|
Cardiovascular Diseases and Exercise, 1989.
An exploration of studies that look at the effects of physical activity on reducing the risk of heart disease.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 71.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
" This paper will discuss the relationship of physical activity and fitness to the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease. There is a growing consensus that exercise contributes positively toward the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Several longitudinal studies have been conducted in recent years which tend to support this viewpoint. One of the first such studies was conducted in Framingham, Massachusetts, in the late 1960s. In an attempt to determine the causes of coronary heart disease, the researchers questioned over 1,600 persons who had a history of the disease. This data enabled the Framingham study researchers to establish a risk indicator known as "Type A behavior" (Stamler, 1983, p. 82). In this way it became possible to isolate which members of the population will stand a greater chance of contracting..."
| |
|
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment, 2009.
A risk assessment of a 28 year old male with cardiovascular (CV) disease.
956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 33.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper describes the case of an American-Indian, morbidly obese, male patient who practiced unhealthy eating habits, did little or no exercise, had no health insurance and was employed as a cook. The paper further relates that the patient had a brother who was also obese, he smoked, had poor coping strategies when dealing with stress and was easily depressed and withdrawn. The paper therefore shows how this patient presented with risk factors that made cardiovascular (CV) disease inevitable even at his early age.
From the Paper
"This is a case of C. V., a 28 year old, American Indian, and morbidly obese male patient at weighing at 292 lbs. He was admitted on April 10, 2008 due to abdominal pain, and subsequently succumbed to respiratory failure. His family history reveals that he has one brother who is also obese, a smoker, and is unemployed. The patient had observed unhealthy eating habits, and did little or no exercise. He had no health insurance, and was employed as a cook. He smoked 2 packs per day. He had poor coping strategies when dealing with stress, and was easily depressed and withdrawn. He was bedridden throughout his stay in the hospital."
| |
|
Young Adults and Heart Disease, 2008.
An overview of the risk factors that contribute to heart disease with specific relation to the younger population group.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 106.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses the subject of heart disease in young adults, with information for young adults to assist them with their understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The paper comments that many young adults consider heart disease as an old person's disease. The paper also notes that young adults may become more aware that individuals of all ages, even their age, can have CVD. The paper provides the strategies presented to combat heart disease. Charts, tables, and a flow chart are included with the paper.
Outline:
More than Knowing Something
Research Considerations
Current and Projected Concerns
Strategies to Address Concerns
The Causes and Cures Contributed to Heart Disease
Programs Can...
New Considerations
Coffee... Tea... Vitamin C Claims
Steps to Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease
Congenital and Chronic Disease Concerns
Hope for Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Most Likely - Yet Less Likely
Tomorrow's Time Bomb Question?
Can Heart Disease be Prevented?
Do The Right Thing
Unlearning Risk Factors
From the Paper
"What is currently known about heart disease, as the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, because young adults are "increasingly adopting unhealthy lifestyles," (Reinhardt), resulting increasing consequences of those lifestyle choices also increase. Currently, cardiovascular disease (CVD) ranks as the leading cause of death globally, reportedly contributing to one third of all deaths each year. "The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in conjunction with the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), was launched on 26 September 2004 to coincide with the fifth annual World Heart Day, a major driving force for encouraging heart disease and stroke prevention worldwide."
| |
|
Heart Disease, 2007.
This paper analyzes heart disease, particularly among young adults.
2,633 words (approx. 10.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article the writer conducts an in-depth analysis of the heart disease process. In particular, the researcher examines heart disease and its effects on the young adult population. The researcher provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of the condition, the effects of heart disease, its diagnosis and treatment protocols. Further the writer looks at the future of cardiovascular research related to heart disease, with particular emphasis on the young adult population. For purposes of this study the researcher focuses primarily on uncovering the pathology, causes and treatment for coronary heart disease in young adults.
Outline:
Introduction
Overview of Pathology of Heart Disease
Factors Contributing to Disease Process
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Procedures
Treatment Choices
Prognosis
Future Trends
Summary and Conclusions
References
From the Paper
"The pathology of heart disease remains relatively straightforward. The primary function of the heart includes passing oxygenated blood through the body. To achieve this aim the heart relies on the coronary arteries, which passes oxygenated blood throughout the blood vessels in the body. Heart disease occurs when the heart muscle, often referred to as the myocardium, is incapable of receiving adequate oxygen. Typically this condition results as a failure of the coronary arteries to maintain and supply sufficient oxygen to the blood. Arteries within the heart typically are not capable of supplying sufficient blood because a coronary spasm occurs or because coronary obstruction exists within the arteries, meaning the arteries in the heart delivering oxygenated blood to the body become more rigid and narrow. This typically results when fat deposits accumulate within the arteries, a condition referred to as plaque accumulation or arteriosclerosis, and can begin as early as adolescence in many individuals. Fatty deposits resulting in coronary obstruction typically form from cholesterol and a substance called fibrin."
|
|
|
