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Capital Punishment in the State of Texas, 2006.
A discussion of the debate and controversy surrounding the death penalty in Texas.
2,118 words (approx. 8.5 pages), 23 sources, MLA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and discusses the application of the death penalty in the state of Texas. The paper explains that Texas executes more people than any other jurisdiction in the Western world and that this practice has given rise to a number of questions and controversies. The paper further explains that Texas's position on the death penalty and the pace at which it executes criminals, puts it in a position between acceleration and moderation and that the state must either find ways to maintain its status quo according to the law or roll back its capital punishment record to acceptable levels.
From the Paper
"In Western civilization, the death penalty has been utilized for more than two thousand years, but not until the early 1800's did it become commonplace in American society. Since this time, the death penalty has been a topic of much debate, due to several events that placed it on the forefront of discussion, such as the Nuremberg trials in the 1940's and the execution of the Rosenbergs in 1953. Robert Jay Lifton and Greg Mitchell declare that capital punishment in America has "reached a state of profound confusion" for "more inmates were executed in (the U.S.) in 1999 than in any year since 1952," not to mention that the execution rate "has soared 800 percent in the past decade." 2 As a result, Americans "have argued passionately about the purposes, methods and effects of capital punishment," a fact that indicates that "the debate will only grow in volume and intensity of feeling." 3"
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Capital Punishment in Texas, 2005.
An analysis of capital punishment in the state of Texas and various related problems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 2 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This policy paper analyzes the capital murder statute in Texas and discusses the existence of particular problems concerning two aspects of the manner in which capital punishment is administered: the definition of capital murder and the ways in which capital murder cases are administered. With respect to the multi-part series of articles published in the Houston Chronicle regarding the use of capital punishment in Harris County, this paper briefly touches on several examples of significant problems surrounding the way capital punishment is administered there.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment is a highly contentious issue in the realm of law enforcement. In any discussion of the death penalty, the state of Texas tends to be a primary focus due to the fact that Texas carries out far more executions than any other American state. "
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Capital Punishment in Texas, 2004.
Reviews several articles on the death penalty.
2,576 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper is a collection of reviews of articles on the death penalty. Most of the articles deal with capital punishment in the state of Texas. The articles reviewed present arguments both in favor of and in opposition to the death penalty. The final review presented in the paper discusses a book about the evolution of the death penalty in Texas.
From the Paper
"In this article, Khalil examines how state and federal courts have overturned death sentences, from a period covering the reinstitution of the death penalty in 1976 to 2001. The author focuses on sentences that have been upset due to the failure of defense lawyers to both investigate and present mitigating evidence during trial. The author makes a strong argument by referring to Williams v. Taylor, which argues that appellate courts cannot be expected to reweigh harm and mitigation when attorneys present adequate defense representation. In the case of Texas, the author rightly observes that appellate courts would have difficulty reviewing all capital cases arising from Texas, since even fact-finders in Texas are not required by law to conduct such balancing inquiries. These factors combine to present a powerful legal argument against the death penalty."
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Capital Punishment, Impractical Punishment, 2000.
This paper examines the moral, political and biblical standpoints with regard to the death penalty..
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This essay is an argumentative paper which states both sides of the death penalty controversy and is opposition to capital punishment. The author chooses multiple points for, and against, the use of capital punishment regarding moral, ethical, and biblical standpoints.
From the paper:
?From the beginning of recorded history, there has always been a great deal of controversy over the concept of capital punishment. Is it moral? Is it a deterrent to crime? Is it effective? Is it efficient? Is it cruel and unusual punishment? These are all questions that we ask when discussing such a delicate topic. There are a wide variety of reasons as to why people are for or against the death sentence. Some are reasoned; others are purely emotional. From my point of view, capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime, and I don?t believe it should be in use today.?
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
An overview of the history capital punishment in the United States.
3,303 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the evolution of capital punishment in the United States. The paper explains that the practice of capital punishment in the United States had its origins in England and that the debate over the morality of capital punishment is a long standing one. The paper further explains that attitudes regarding capital punishment shifted over time as well as the reasons it was used. The paper discusses capital punishment policy during both World Wars, the Vietnam war and in present times and briefly compares President George W. Bush's policy on capital punishment to that of Thomas Jefferson.
From the Paper
"It is tempting, on assessing the media coverage in the United States today, to think that the debate about capital punishment is one of relatively recent origin. However, the debate originated about the same time the United States became a group of recognizable colonies with common, if still somewhat amorphous, codes of morality and ethics. Arguably, it originated earlier than that, in the England from which most American settlers came; the death penalty had long been written into English law although, as Levi notes (2002, p. 131), it was rarely carried out because the structure of government was such-with its dependence on the good will (or ill will) of the nobility-that there was much latitude in its application."
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Capital Punishment, 2002.
This paper discusses the topic of capital punishment, focusing on the Washington D.C. Sniper case.
1,265 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper begins by presenting some background and statistics about capital punishment in the USA. The viewpoints of both the proponents and the opponents of capital punishment are listed and problems with the use of capital punishment (such as pardoning leading to further crime, and innocent people being executed) are discussed. The paper explores public support of the death penalty and then turns to discuss the recent Washington DC sniper case and the possibility of capital punishment for the offenders. The controversiality of choice of location for the trial is looked at and the new anti-terrorism law is brought up. The paper concludes with some summation comments on capital punishment.
From the Paper
"Between 1977 and 2000, 683 inmates have been put to death under the death penalty laws of their state. 519 were by lethal injection, 149 were by electrocution, 11 were by lethal gas, 2 were by firing squad, and 3 were by hanging (Editors 347).
Capital punishment has always been a controversial and emotional issue. In the United States, controversy over capital punishment began as early as Colonial times after American gained her independence from Great Britain. Some people began to wonder if anyone really had the right to take a human life, even the government (Vila and Morris xxv), and the debate has raged on ever since."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
A discussion on the advantages of capital punishment.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of capital punishment. Specifically, it discuss both sides of the capital punishment debate and argues why capital punishment is an excellent deterrent to crime. It looks at how the benefits of capital punishment far outweigh the drawbacks and how statistics indicate that the American public supports the death penalty for a majority of violent crimes. Thus, capital punishment is effective, saves tax dollars, and helps contain the most violent of America's criminal population.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment has been controversial throughout America history. Also referred to as the death penalty, the practice has always been a contentious and emotional issue. In the United States, disagreement over capital punishment began as early as Colonial times after America gained independence from Great Britain. Some people began to wonder if taking a human life was really justified, even by the government (Vila and Morris xxv), and the debate has raged on ever since. In fact, since the Supreme Court reinstituted the practice in 1976, the debate about capital punishment has become even more heated."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
A review of the arguments against the use of capital punishment in the United States.
1,562 words (approx. 6.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the arguments commonly raised against capital punishment in the United States. Specifically, it looks at the fact that capital punishment disproportionately impacts minorities and also damages U.S. credibility within the wider international community. It also looks at the statistics for the benefits of capital punishment and the arguments against their validity. The paper concludes that capital punishment is a legal anachronism that might be giving the state extraordinary power over its citizens without actually making America's streets safer.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
The Case against Capital Punishment
From the Paper
"In the end, there are compelling reasons for abolishing the death penalty. Chiefly, the practice disproportionately impacts minorities and it damages the U.S. reputation abroad. At the same time, the death penalty is an authoritarian practice that permits the state to play "God" with its citizens - or someone else's citizens - and this is not a practice that anyone concerned with individual rights can accept lightly. Similarly, the application of the death penalty runs counter to the Christian ethos upon which America was founded and the statistics unveiled by a number of scholars claiming to prove that the death penalty is an effective deterrent are uncertain and have been strenuously challenged. In the final analysis, there are simply too many questions swirling around the use of the death penalty for Americans to tolerate its use indefinitely."
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Capital Punishment, 2004.
This paper, arguing against capital punishment, reviews the historical, social, and economic implications of capital punishment.
1,250 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper stresses that the United States is the only Western democracy that still applies the death penalty and, therefore, still adopts Hammurabi?s law, written in 1780 B.C. The author argues that the death penalty is so expensive because it is part of a complex legal structure, and the maintenance of these institutions and its legal impositions are very costly. The paper concludes that society needs to consider that criminals should be treated as mentally-ill individuals who need therapy and psychological reform; therefore, they must be given a chance to regret their actions.
From the Paper
"Inherited from the English common law, which traces its origins back to the thirteenth century, Anglo-American jurisprudence has incorporated many of its punishment practices and judgement criteria. ?In England, until 1820, more than 200 crimes were punishable by death,? . The primary reason the public demands capital punishment is that people are stirred by the desire of vengeance. It is the first reaction to the moral outrage elicited particularly offensive conducts. It is the urge that there must be retribution for the life that has been taken and the suffering a criminal has inflicted to his or her victim. However, retribution is not the objective of criminal law, it is correction. Just as a felon commits an injustice taking a human life away on the streets, we also commit one by taking his or her life away in a death chamber. It makes no difference where and for what reasons, ?injustice anywhere is injustice everywhere?, as Martin Luther King wisely said."
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Does Capital Punishment Deter Crime?, 2002.
A discussion of whether capital punishment deters murder.
1,386 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how the amount of crime increases every day and how governments are working over time to fight this disaster and reduce it. It shows how some countries adopt capital punishment as one of the best ways of deterring crime and how others that have abolished capital punishment are trying to show the negligible effect of this kind of punishment. It examines how the United States of America, the only western country that uses death penalty suffers from a huge amount of offense from other countries. It evaluates how statistics have proved that there is no real positive effect with capital punishment and what makes capital punishment ineffective are errors in judgments such as lack of justice and natural mistakes.
From the Paper
"In addition, the positive effects of death penalty on rate of crime are not proved. For many years it was thought that capital punishment is a deterrence of crime but later, when statistics became expanded, statisticians express that the idea that states with capital punishment have a lower crime rate is wrong. McManus (1998) expresses that states without the death penalty have fewer homicides than states those use death penalty. Massachusetts that has been abolished the death penalty, as an example, has the fewest crime rates in the United States of America (McManus, M., 1998). Similarly, Bonner and Fessenden (2000) illustrate that during the last twenty years, the rate of murder in states with capital punishment has been forty eight percent to more than one hundred percent higher than states with no capital punishment."
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of capital punishment.
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the United States is in the process of reversing an earlier move to eliminate capital punishment, as more and more states are resorting to capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. The author points out that it is reasonable to assume that if a majority is in favor of capital punishment then, in a democratic society, its wish should be seriously considered with equal consideration given to the opposing minority views. The paper argues that the benefits of capital punishment are incapacitation of the criminal, cost, vengeance or retribution and deterrence.
From the Paper
"Restructuring of the death penalty began in Europe by the 1750s, and academicians such as the Italian jurist Cesare Beccaria, the French philosopher Voltaire, and the English law reformers Jeremy Bentham and Samuel Romilly supported this. They argued that the death penalty was needlessly cruel, overrated as a deterrent, and occasionally imposed in fatal error. Along with Quaker leaders and other social reformers, they defended life imprisonment as a more rational alternative. Countries such as Venezuela and Portugal were the first nations to abolish the death penalty altogether. Today, it is virtually abolished in all of Western Europe and most of Latin America. In America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (except Israel) most countries still retain the death penalty for certain crimes and impose it with varying frequency "
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Capital Punishment, 2002.
A detailed opinion paper against capital punishment, providing several classic arguments.
5,487 words (approx. 21.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 134.95
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Abstract
In this paper, the writer presents many arguments for and against capital punishment, but the main focus is on the writer's personal opinion that capital punishment is wrong. Points presented include that capital punishment is racially biased; innocent people are sometimes wrongly accused and it provides no societal benefit. Religious and moral arguments are also presented as well as fact and figures examining whether capital punishment does actually decrease violent crime.
From the Paper
"Each year there are about 250 people added to death row and 35 executed. The death penalty is the harshest form of punishment enforced in the United Sates today. Once a jury has convicted a criminal offense they go to the second part of the trial, the punishment phase. If the jury recommends the death penalty and the judge agrees then the criminal will face some form of execution, lethal injection is the most common form used today. There was a period from 1972 to 1976 that capital punishment was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Their reason for this decision was that the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth amendment. The decision was reversed when new methods of execution were introduced."
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Religion and Capital Punishment, 2008.
An analysis of the close connection between religious belief and a belief in capital punishment.
1,244 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the role of religion in shaping attitudes toward capital punishment. It looks at how different religious denominations take a different attitude toward the subject so that followers take their cues from that denomination, such as the current divide seen in America between many evangelical Protestant churches that support capital punishment and the Catholic Church that does not. It also discusses how, at a deeper level, support often hinges on the degree of reliance on the Bible as an unerring source, with those supporting capital punishment finding a direct admonition for capital punishment in scripture.
From the Paper
"Robert L. Young more specifically looks at the way religious orientation and race produce certain levels of support for the death penalty. The researchers look at the 1988 General Social Survey showing that fundamentalism, evangelism, and devotionalism have significant by very different roles in shaping attitudes toward capital punishment. Young notes first that religion should have a role because religion deals at its most basic level with issues of life and death, including the question of the role of the state in taking a life. "
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
An argumentative essay in favor of capital punishment within the United States justice system.
795 words (approx. 3.2 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 28.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the history and use of capital punishment within the United States justice system. It notes that the positive side of capital punishment is the removal of murderers from the judicial system and the more economical nature of the punishment for tax payers of the state. The paper also discusses the moral and religious issues that are raised in relation to the use of capital punishment in a society such as the United States.
From the Paper
"The death penalty will remain a heated issue as long as its uses are still in effect. The executions put into effect in modern times are a far cry from the lynchings of the old west. The American justice system has placed a viable punishment for those offenders who no longer operate within the bounds of human decency. Each side of this controversy holds evidence contrary to the other, but one fact stands true, as long as America is not a Utopian society there will be heinous crimes committed. These crimes undermine the very fiber of American life and constitute an effective punishment. While human rights and civil liberties group will argue that the offenders rights as an American have been infringed, that person gave up certain liberties when the crime was committed."
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"Billy Budd": A Critique of Capital Punishment, 2002.
A discussion of capital punishment in the military court system as seen in the novel "Billy Budd" by Herman Melville.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the novel "Billy Budd" in order to compare and contrast capital punishment in military versus civilian court. A brief history of capital punishment, differences between court procedures and views on human rights in these two systems are explored. The justification for capital punishment in the book is discussed in light of the differences between the systems.
From the Paper
"In Herman Melville?s novel Billy Budd, Captains Vere?s personal judgment and his compliance to military law killed an innocent man. Billy Budd is a novel whose central events are tied closely to capital punishment (Laskin). Capital punishment has long been popular in both the civilian and military arena. However, court proceedings and the treatment of the concept of the right of man are very different in military and civilian courts. It is the military reliance on strict procedures and indifference to the rights of man that resulted in Captain Vere?s decision to sentence the innocent Billy Budd to a public execution."
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