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Capital Punishment as a Deterrent, 2007.
A review of literature in favor of and in opposition to capital punishment.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes and assesses four scholarly articles which provide arguments either in favor of or in opposition to capital punishment. It briefly explains why one of the sources appears to be the best of the quartet while another seems to flag behind the others. In the end, the paper reveals just how contentious the issue of capital punishment is and how divided the academic community remains even after decades of research.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Opposing Capital Punishment: A Look at Four Scholarly Sources
Facts In Support Of Writer's Position
Facts Opposing This Writer's Position
The Strongest And Weakest Source
From the Paper
"After carefully reviewing the available evidence, it seems clear that Donohue and Wolfers provide the strongest article of the four insofar as they exhaustively detail the methodological failures which undermine many studies determined to support the validity of capital punishment (although the aforementioned Dezhbakhsh and Shepherd study seems to scrupulously follow the sort of detailed regression analysis that Donohue and Wolfers accuse many pro-death penalty studies of lacking). On the other hand, the Marquis argument appears to be the weakest for the very simple reason that it eschews quantitative research in favor of a more strident, accusatory tone that fails to appreciate that even a few mistaken executions is too many. On the whole, however, the four articles do appear to be a solid beginning to further research and certainly reveal that the evidence does not offer unanimous support to one side or the other."
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Capital Punishment As A Deterrent, 1997.
Reviews three postions on the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent to the commission of capital crimes. Concludes that there is a deterrent effect.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"Capital Punishment as a Deterrent
Introduction
There are two basic arguments favoring capital punishment. The first argument focuses on doing justice, on ensuring that the punishment fits the crime. The second argument emphasizes capital punishment as a deterrent to other members of the community who might commit crimes in the future.
Other Societies
Although the evidence in this country is confusing about the deterrent effect of capital punishment, some writers argue that the experience of other countries indicates that capital punishment can be quite effective in deterring certain kinds of ..."
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Capital Punishment, Impractical Punishment, 2000.
This paper examines the moral, political and biblical standpoints with regard to the death penalty..
1,375 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This essay is an argumentative paper which states both sides of the death penalty controversy and is opposition to capital punishment. The author chooses multiple points for, and against, the use of capital punishment regarding moral, ethical, and biblical standpoints.
From the paper:
?From the beginning of recorded history, there has always been a great deal of controversy over the concept of capital punishment. Is it moral? Is it a deterrent to crime? Is it effective? Is it efficient? Is it cruel and unusual punishment? These are all questions that we ask when discussing such a delicate topic. There are a wide variety of reasons as to why people are for or against the death sentence. Some are reasoned; others are purely emotional. From my point of view, capital punishment is not a deterrent to crime, and I don?t believe it should be in use today.?
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Capital Punishment and Crime, 2004.
A discussion of whether capital punishment is really a deterrent to crime.
1,071 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how there are many arguments for and against capital punishment and how, for each argument, the opposing view can and will present the flip side of the coin. It looks at how the argument boils down to dispassionately viewing the objectives behind the institution of capital punishment and whether the practice is, in fact, meeting the objective, i.e., deterring crime. It evaluates how the solution to deterrence of crime and the achievement of all-round social justice must lie elsewhere, and the answer is probably in social reform that eradicates poverty, provides equal opportunity, and overall, truly addresses the real definition of justice, i.e., the prevention of injustice.
From the Paper
"The question of capital punishment as an effective method of dispensing retributive justice is a very real motivator behind advocacy of capital punishment, though it may not be acknowledged overtly. Here, again, there is cause to be sympathetic of this view, as the victims of injustice must be reassured by society that necessary action will be taken. There is also the fact that current polls show an overwhelming support for capital punishment among the American public, stemming both from concerns over increasing crime rates and unsafe streets as well as a belief in ?just desserts.? Gallup Polls reveal rising public support from 72% in 1985 to 80% in 1994 (Journal of Criminal law and Criminology, vol. 87, 1996). Such overwhelming public opinion cannot be ignored in the functioning of any society."
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Capital Punishment, 2007.
A discussion on the advantages of capital punishment.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of capital punishment. Specifically, it discuss both sides of the capital punishment debate and argues why capital punishment is an excellent deterrent to crime. It looks at how the benefits of capital punishment far outweigh the drawbacks and how statistics indicate that the American public supports the death penalty for a majority of violent crimes. Thus, capital punishment is effective, saves tax dollars, and helps contain the most violent of America's criminal population.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment has been controversial throughout America history. Also referred to as the death penalty, the practice has always been a contentious and emotional issue. In the United States, disagreement over capital punishment began as early as Colonial times after America gained independence from Great Britain. Some people began to wonder if taking a human life was really justified, even by the government (Vila and Morris xxv), and the debate has raged on ever since. In fact, since the Supreme Court reinstituted the practice in 1976, the debate about capital punishment has become even more heated."
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Capital Punishment, 2006.
This paper argues in favor of capital punishment.
1,645 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the United States is in the process of reversing an earlier move to eliminate capital punishment, as more and more states are resorting to capital punishment for serious offenses such as murder. The author points out that it is reasonable to assume that if a majority is in favor of capital punishment then, in a democratic society, its wish should be seriously considered with equal consideration given to the opposing minority views. The paper argues that the benefits of capital punishment are incapacitation of the criminal, cost, vengeance or retribution and deterrence.
From the Paper
"Restructuring of the death penalty began in Europe by the 1750s, and academicians such as the Italian jurist Cesare Beccaria, the French philosopher Voltaire, and the English law reformers Jeremy Bentham and Samuel Romilly supported this. They argued that the death penalty was needlessly cruel, overrated as a deterrent, and occasionally imposed in fatal error. Along with Quaker leaders and other social reformers, they defended life imprisonment as a more rational alternative. Countries such as Venezuela and Portugal were the first nations to abolish the death penalty altogether. Today, it is virtually abolished in all of Western Europe and most of Latin America. In America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East (except Israel) most countries still retain the death penalty for certain crimes and impose it with varying frequency "
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Capital Punishment, 2004.
This paper discusses whether capital punishment is a true crime deterrent or not.
931 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
This paper states that there are real indicators that capital punishment may, contrary to popular belief, be a form of social injustice, besides failing to act as an effective deterrent to crime. The paper discusses this point of view from an ethical and social angle.
From the Paper
"Practitioners of justice, sociologists and philosophers have long propounded the theory that the ultimate form of justice is the absence of injustice in society. Viewed from this stand point, the main argument of Retentionists for capital punishment that it acts as an effective deterrent in the prevention of crime and the protection of society from the evils of crime, seems a tenable one. But does it really? A review of the effects of capital punishment as a deterrent not only fails to corroborate the theory of Retentionists, it also raises questions on whether capital punishment violates the very concept of ultimate justice since there is a prima facie case to argue that, the practice of capital punishment may, in itself, actually amount to a form of social injustice."
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The Capital Punishment Debate, 2005.
This paper discusses the main reason society does not agree on the issue and, after examining the main arguments for and against capital punishment, concludes in favor of it.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the primary reason there is so much disagreement between the two camps on the issue of capital punishment, with neither acknowledging the validity of the others arguments, is that many of the supporters of each camp have fundamentally differing stances--morally, ethnically and religiously. The author points out that capital punishment is by no means perfect and much reform within the judicial system is necessary to make it a truly just and positive deterrent force; nonetheless, it is a better alternative to life in prison because, already, our prison systems are extremely overtaxed. The paper concludes that, while some may argue that capital punishment dehumanizes the individual, the same can be said for life imprisonment.
From the Paper
"As one study on death row inmates showed, the majority where themselves victims of "severe and sometimes bizarre abuse" (Currie 83). Further, many point to the cheapening affect capital punishment has on the value of life as well as the inhumanity of such a sentence. As far as costs are concerned, those who support life in prison, point out that the death penalty is actually the more expensive alternative when you take into account the process of appeals and the excessive length of time most convicts spend on death row. On top of this, some supporters of capital punishment tend to believe that the possibility of a death sentence may, in fact, make jurors less likely to convict an individual of murder and therefore let those guilty of such crimes go free. A far more frequently voiced concern, though, is the possibility of erroneously convicting and carrying out a death sentence on an innocent individual."
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Capital Punishment, 2004.
This paper discusses that capital punishment is a social controversy that epitomizes the axiom, "an eye for an eye".
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that society is forced to ask itself: What makes society different from the murderer, if it is so easily prepared to sentence someone to lethal injection or the chair? The author points out that both proponents for and activists against capital punishment in the form of the death penalty use the 'sanctity of life' as part of their argument. The paper concludes that, ethically, capital punishment is wrong because society is placing a huge amount of moral power within individuals' hands by implementing death sentences and executions; therefore, society must find other deterrents to serious crimes and acts of treason that do not involve capital punishment.
From the Paper
"Capital Punishment has been in effect since the 1970s, despite cases and controversy that it goes against a person?s 8th Amendment rights. Nevertheless, there has been changes in Capital Punishment laws and ?in 2002 the Court barred the execution of mentally retarded offenders, overturning its 1989 ruling on the matter. In the same year the Court ruled that the death penalty must be imposed through a finding of a jury and not a judge? (Columbia, 2003). In 2002, lethal injection accounted for 71 executions (CP Statistics, 2003) while 1 was carried out by electrocution. Statistics in Capital Punishment have shown though that the numbers for 2002 have decreased for a second year in a row, and all inmates on Death Row had committed murder."
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The Injustice of Capital Punishment, 2004.
An explanation of why capital punishment is an injustice in our society and how that injustice can be fixed.
1,960 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper puts forward the argument that the death penalty is unjust and unconstitutional. It attempts to reason how the death penalty is a cruel and unusual punishment that goes against the guarantee of due process of law by showing that it violates natural law, is simply inhumane, and does not serve as a deterrent to crime. In particular, it explains how the New Jersey capital punishment system works, as well as the process of capital punishment in detail from court to death. It also proposes potential solutions to resolve the injustice.
From the Paper
"The process of capital punishment is very unique in its own manner. It first begins with a jury selection and death qualification. The questioning of potential jurors or voir dire can take a particularly long time in a capital case. Death qualification occurs as well and that is when perspective jurors are questioned on their position on the death penalty for a guilty party (Costanzo 23-24). If a potential juror expresses an inability to inflict a death sentence upon a guilty party, they will be eliminated from the jury. After undergoing studies, it has been shown that due to this death qualification process, the jury that is left to serve is more set to believe that the defendant is guilty and deserves capital punishment."
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Capital Punishment, 2004.
This paper argues that the scales of justice need to be tipped in favor of capital punishment in order for civilized societies to be able to uphold the values of justice, human life, and the rights of the innocent.
1,225 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that capital punishment serves to protect innocent human life through acting as a deterrent to crime as evidenced by the decline in the number of murders as the number of executions increased between 1990 and 2000 in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Arkansas. The author points out that, although many opponents of the death penalty argue that the death penalty is too expensive and that it costs more than simply giving convicts life; currently, the added expense of executing people is not the result of the justice system, but an effect of unnecessary delays in the federal courts. The paper concludes that capital punishment is necessary because, as long as there is crime and violence, citizens need to be assured that they can go about their daily lives free of worry and fear.
From the Paper
"Paroled prisoners are not the only problem for there have been several cases of dangerous prisoners escaping from even high security prisons: ?Michael Rodriguez, sentenced to life for murder joined six lesser criminals in overpowering prison employees in Connolly, Texas?. Police say the ?Malevolent Seven? robbed an Oshman?s sporting goods store?then shot... police officer Aubrey Hawkins 11 times and drove over his corpse.? The preceding example is just one incident among many. In another case, even a 5,000 volt electric fence did not succeed in keeping in three murderers, all lifers, from escaping a high-security prison in St. Clair Springs, Ala. ?Along with three fellow inmates, they lifted the fence with a broom handle and slithered to freedom.? This example and the earlier cited cases of Arthur Shawcross and Michael Rodriguez should surely suffice in illustrating the danger of merely relying on imprisonment as a method of protecting society from known criminals. More important, it once again raises the question of whether society should concern itself more with the rights of innocent citizens or the rights, if arguably any, of criminals. Surely, society?s first concern should be with the prevention of injustice by ensuring the safety and security of its citizens. In fact, this is the fundamental duty of government."
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Capital Punishment, 2005.
An analysis of the issue of life and death in the context of capital punishment.
1,851 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the controversial topic of capital punishment. The paper examines the issues of deterrence, retribution and moral issues concerning capital punishment. The topics of rehabilitation and incapacitation are also explored in the paper. The paper highlights the problems surrounding the possibility of executing an innocent person.
From the Paper
"In the United States, the specter of capital punishment represents the ultimate sentence for a criminal act. Americans are conflicted by the death penalty, yet the majority of Americans regard it as a just punishment in certain circumstances. Questions that make this topic controversial involve deterrence, moral issues, choice of life in prison or death, rehabilitation, and the possibility that an innocent person might be executed. These thoughtful considerations have resulted in some states backing away from the death penalty, and others embracing it with fervor. As we explore these arguments, we find issues to feed both sides of the death penalty controversy and have formed the opinion that the death penalty is effective as a crime deterrent and should stay in place."
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Capital Punishment in a Liberal State, 2006.
A moral argument in favor of the use of capital punishment.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 1 source, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the argument that capital punishment functions as a deterrent that satisfies the public's sense of justice, while at the same time acknowledging that its value as a deterrent is most limited, given the fact that homicide is often not a rational or premeditated act. The paper also points out, however, that if a criminal justice system is to demonstrate that it is an institution to produce justice, and help to avoid a scenario of public vigilantism, it must present indication of a terminal punishment for extremes of criminality.
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Capital Punishment, 2004.
This paper argues that capital punishment is not justice and no longer fulfills the moral goals of the maximum punishment within a society.
995 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the issues of ethical conduct, such as retribution, economics, and deterrence, surround the application of capital punishment. The author points out that the idea of retribution, based on the 'golden rule', with one act meriting an equal act of response, is widely used to support the death penalty. The paper states that factoring in the economic costs related to the death sentence can be ethically weighed with reference to Kant?s universal law.
From the Paper
"Capital punishment has been in use for many years in America, with exception of 1972 to 1976 when it was deemed unconstitutional as cruel and unusual punishment. Over the years capital punishment has been in effect, the fundamentals have not progressed; it is still operating on the original theory in which it was implemented. Based on the historical trends, the current process will not be anymore or less effective at prevention in the future. This is partly due to punishment being a reactionary event, the penalty of death may contribute to the consistency of deviant society, but one would reason that without progression of the process it will not contribute to the evolution of society. As the penalty of death is deemed the maximum punishment possible, the opportunity for advancement exists in preemptive events based on direct and indirect knowledge acquired from the offenders."
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Capital Punishment and Religion, 2002.
How religious beliefs influence the concept of capital punishment.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This six-page undergraduate paper discusses the issue of capital punishment with reference to religious beliefs and teachings. While most religions of the world support death penalty under some conditions and in some particular cases, there is still a large majority which feels that sentencing someone to death is not an effective deterrent and thus some other form of punishment should be suggested.
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