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Canadian Wage Structure Changes, 2007.
This paper discuses the effects of technological change and computerization on the wage structure in Canada.
2,240 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, even if Canada is not at all a world leader in terms of rewarding its IT workforce, IT workers have seen their wages rise sharply compared to the wages of other Canadians. The author points out that computerization and technological advancement have made many jobs obsolete and many workers redundant. The paper relates that the rise of computerization and the concomitant rise in new communication, conceptualization and manufacturing technologies paint a bleak picture for workers who are not facile with the latest software or tools. The author concludes that technological change in Canada has deepened the cleavages between various groups and that the country is rushing towards a serious crisis if something cannot be done to better facilitate the entry of millions of Canadians into the twenty-first century economy.
From the Paper
"Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing businesses in Canada have become more prevalent in recent decades. In fact, a study conducted in the late 1980s underscores just how daunting the job prospects were even then for workers who lacked the requisite training in computer technology. To wit, "CAD/CAM" firms by even the middle 1980s were profoundly re-shaping their organizational structure and functions because of new computer technology; in a similar vein, expenditures in the area of technological innovation were being pushed even then as a means of eliminating costly and "superfluous" workers."
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The Minimum Wage Debate in Canada, 2006.
A review of the controversy surrounding the issue of minimum wage.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how an increase in the Canadian minimum wage to $10 an hour would be controversial as has been every increase in minimum wage since the first introduction of legislation in support of a minimum wage in Canada in 1918. This essay presents arguments both for and against raising the minimum wage to $10 an hour in Canada as a national standard. The paper shows how such an action will have some negative impact upon the Canadian economy in that it will increase labour costs and, as a result, may somewhat increase inflationary pressures.
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Japanese Canadians in Canada, 2004.
The paper examines the treatment of Japanese Canadians by the Canadian government during and after World War II.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper contends that the treatment of Japanese Canadians by the Canadian government during and after World War II was deplorable. The paper then discusses how the Canadian government acknowledged the racist character of these policies in 1988 and offered redress to the Japanese Canadian population.
From the Paper
"Japanese Canadians during the Second World War were forced to contend with a decades-old torrent of racial discrimination that culminated in their internment and forced labor by the Canadian government. The treatment of Japanese Canadians during this period appears particularly cruel-even sinister-when one considers that of the Canadians evacuated from the Pacific Coast of Canada, most were Canadian-born and naturalized Canadian citizens."
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The Efficiency Wage, 2004.
This paper analyses the practice of some firms to pay a wage above the market clearing wage level called the efficiency wage.
1,920 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that some firms, especially in third world economies, will attempt to increase their profits by improving their worker productivity by paying a wage that is above the wage paid by other competing firms because, at the market level wage, workers may not get the necessary nutrients they require in order to carry out the working day's hard labor and to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The author points out that the ability of a firm to increase profits by setting these wages may not necessarily apply in other more industrialized labor markets where there is not a strong correlation between worker productivity and their nutritional intake. The paper relates that the efficiency wage model indicates that the behavior of a firm seeking to increase its profits is no longer limited to just decisions on how many workers to hire.
From the Paper
"It has been mentioned once before in this essay that efficiency wages may not necessarily hold true in today's modern, industrialized economies. However, there is empirical evidence that efficiency can hold true in an industrialized setting and not just in a subsistence one. If this is the case, then the economic rationale behind firm's setting wages above the market clearing wage, is a sound rationale. There is evidence that shirking-related employee problems are reduced when companies pay higher salaries. A study of large manufacturing companies in the United States shows that fewer workers are dismissed for disciplinary reasons when a firm pays a high rate of wage. In particular, a 10 percent increase in the wage reduced the rate at which workers were dismissed for disciplinary reasons . Hence, the economic rationale behind firms setting an efficiency wage is very plausible indeed, as back by empirical research such as this."
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Affirmative Action and Wages, 2008.
An examination of affirmative action, wage inequality and wage differentials.
2,220 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines affirmative action and its impact upon the wage gap found among various groups. While the initiative has met with some success, it is evident that various groups continue to lag behind. The paper looks at the advances that have taken place in recent decades as well as at the areas - mostly in enforcing compliance - where it appears affirmative action is not eliminating workplace discrimination. The paper also suggests that corporate cultures need to change. Finally, it concludes by offering a solution to the enforcement issues plaguing affirmative action in America.
From the Paper
"Interestingly, just as the different groups of women comprising the female population in America gain from affirmative action at a different rate when it comes to pay increases, some scholars argue that affirmative action really works best in industries that have a high incidence of federal contracts or in industries that, because of their high growth rates, invite more government reviews. In other industries, it appears as though the rate of compliance is not quite so high because the extent of government review and involvement is less significant (Walker, 2000). Evidently, the manner and degree of discrimination can only be sharply reduced through rigorous government oversight; simply having federal legislation in place is insufficient to reduce discrimination if those laws will not be strictly enforced. "
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Canadian Health, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts Canadians' health and the Canadian health care system with that of other OECD countries.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
The paper points out that in this context it must be acknowledged that cross country comparisons of statistics may sometimes produce more questions than answers. The paper offers an example: If we compare Canada's maternal mortality statistics with those of Norway for 2000 we find that while Canada only had 6 deaths per 100, Norway had 16. The paper considers that Norway's Scandinavian neighbour only had 2 per 100,000, together with the fact that there appears to be no obvious parallel with infant mortality, health expenditure, or number of doctors and therefore must admit that this statistic stands as a puzzling anomaly.
From the Paper
"A comparison and contrast analysis of the health of Canadians and the Canadian health care system with that of other OECD countries is necessarily qualified by the differences in definition and approach to health care issues as a consequence of distinct wellness and health care cultures in different countries. To cite just one example, with respect to acute and long-term bed, the OECD report Health at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2003, notes that caution is required in making cross-country comparisons of long-term care beds."
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Minimum Wage, 2002.
Briefly discusses the history of the minimum wage and examines some of the legal aspects concerning minimum wage.
2,172 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at a variety of aspects regarding minimum wage. It looks at the laws enacted, the rates set, and exceptions to minimum wage laws. The deterioration of the buying power of minimum wage is addressed, and statistical evidence of this deterioration is provided. Also included is an account of the economic impact of minimum wages.
Brief History of Minimum Wage
United States Minimum Wage
Minimum Wages Economic Impact
Different States Minimum Wages
From the Paper
"The minimum wage as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act was passed in the year 1938. The first minimum wage was .25 per hour. However, it has increased over the decades with now as current federal minimum wage $5.15 per hour. But even with the increases, the Coalition on Human Needs has observed that the buying power of the federal minimum wage has deteriorated by almost twenty five percent over the last twenty years (about.com)."
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Gender Discrimination in the Canadian Labour Force, 2005.
An analysis of gender discrimination in the Canadian labour force, particularly as it relates to wages.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 7 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses gender discrimination in the Canadian labour force. The paper makes the argument that there is a wage gap between men and women in Canada. The paper discusses theories as to why this wage gap may exist and if this is likely to change in the future.
From the Paper
"Gender Discrimination in the Canadian Labour Force Gender discrimination continues to be a problem in the Canadian workforce. Women in particular are still experiencing a wage gap in the labour force. According to Lois Moorcroft in Newfoundland Women Want Pay Equity Too, "...Full-time working women still earn only 72.5 per cent of men's salaries" (Moorcroft 2005: 6). A great deal of time and effort is being spent in order to try and rectify this situation. For example, In the 1950s, the federal government and seven of the ten provinces enacted legislation enabling 'equal pay for equal work (England and Gad 2002: 283)."
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Teaching Canadian History, 2007.
The paper looks at the Jack Granatstein's "Who Killed Canadian History?", which discusses how Canadian history should be taught in Canadian schools.
1,216 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at Jack Granatstein's "Who Killed Canadian History?" where he claims that the history of Canada has been seriously damaged by the practice of studying differences rather than commonalities. The paper asserts that Granatstein fails to appreciate that there is ample room for group and particularist histories that do not fit easily within an over-arching historical narrative. The paper maintains that Granatstein fails to recognize that Canadians, living in an evermore diverse society, need to have an ever-expanding and ever-diversifying view of history too.
From the Paper
"In fairness to Jack Granatstein, there are various problems afflicting public memory in Canada - or at least there were in 1998 when his tome was released. For instance, one online source notes that a 1997 Angus Reid poll found only one-third of Canadians knew that Remembrance Day commemorates the end of World War One whereas a scant five percent knew that the Upper and Lower Canada rebellions took place in 1837. More unsettling, given its political relevance today, only 10 percent of Canadians between the ages of 18 and 24 who were contacted by pollsters knew what the Quiet Revolution was all about and 17 percent of respondents - nearly one out of every five - inexplicably claimed Tennessee Williams and Andy Warhol were Canadian. To this melange of error and misunderstanding could be added numerous other instances drawn from the same survey. The end result of all of this, in the view of Dr. Granatstein, will be - may already be fast becoming - disaster."
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Construction of Self: The Identity of Modern Japanese-Canadians, 2003.
Explores the identity of Canadians of Japanese origin living in modern Canada.
20,665 words (approx. 82.7 pages), 133 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
The study takes a broad exploratory approach to studying issues of identity in the Japanese community in Canada. Chapter I traces the historical settlement of Japanese-Canadians in Canada with reference to how Canada's changing attitudes on dealing with immigrants has affected the way in which Japanese-Canadians perceive themselves. Chapter II researches the relationship between language and identity. Chapter III looks at two types of modern day Japanese in Canada. First, a young student studying at MIT is used as a real life case study. Second, various fictional depictions of Japanese-Canadians are used to delve deeper into issues of Japanese identity. The subject matter has not yet been specifically covered in detail by academia (although it has rather more so by fictional writing). Available sources are analyzed closely to try to uncover trends in identity. Sources used vary from academic works (both Japanese and Canadian) on history, sociology, politics, linguistics and psychology; through to personal journal entries and fictional works concerning Japanese identity written by Japanese-Canadian authors.
Introduction
The History Of Japanese-Canadians & Canadian Immigration Policy 1877-2003
The Relationship Between Language And The Formation Of Ethnic Identity
The Real And Illusory Modern Japanese-Canadian
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Thus, using Bourdieu's analysis, it is theoretically possible to apply it to the situation of Japanese-Canadians to try to delve deeper into their ethnic self-identity and individual make-up. However, there are various flaws when trying to apply Bourdieu's work. First, Bourdieu interviewed his participants in some depth for his study in order to get a detailed profile of each. This variety of data about Japanese-Canadians is not currently available for this thesis and would need to be obtained first-hand (see 'Recommendations' in Conclusion). Second, and more importantly, it is not possible to apply the same analysis intended for a Western, European nation such as France to a complex, Oriental nation such as Japan that prides itself on its 'unique' ethnic identity and 90% middle-class (which, if true, renders analysis using economic capital as a variable useless anyhow)."
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Raising the Minimum Wage, 2008.
An analysis of the history of minimum wage increases in the US and whether changes are necessary in the current situation.
1,054 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses when and how minimum wage should be increased for employees. It looks at the history of minimum wage increases and then discusses the benefits and difficulties of wage increases for employers. The paper also looks at whether the minimum wage has finally reached an acceptable level which can now be deemed a livable wage or whether an increase in wages is necessary.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Doubled Minimum Wage Results
Market Demand Curve
Company Affects
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Unfortunately when wage rates rise it must be performed across all employees within a company. This will result in a significant outlay for any corporation when raises are given or wage rates change. When such changes occur there is a significant change in the lowest hourly rate which will eventually follow through to other positions including those occupied by the skilled labor forces (Edwards 10). When such increases occur margin levels must also increase in order to support such increases in the corporate salary expenses. However when such increases occur, it is inevitable that the same number of employees will continue to populate the company as what did prior to the wage increases. The fact is that wage is usually not directly proportionally to increases in margin. The aggregate unemployment rate has varied between 4% and 8% over a period of 20 years (Overall Unemployment Rate in the Civilian Labor Force). However, the numbers of employees in the skilled labor force have increase by a significant number of employees."
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Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 2005.
An interpretation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms by the Canadian courts.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 3 sources, $ 133.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (hereafter referred to as the Charter's is part of the Constitution Act, 1982) and is fundamental legislation used by the Canadian courts to protect the human rights of Canadian citizens. The paper discusses how like all legislation, the Charter is complex and may be interpreted in different ways. Over the years, the courts have been charged with attempting to interpret it in the best interests of Canadians.
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The Canadian Training System, 2008.
This paper discuses the Canadian training system, which is shaped by the human capital theory.
1,055 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the human capital theory presents humans as a commodities that either attract or dissuade potential employers. The author points out that the success of the Canadian training system, whose goal is to prepare individuals for existing or future openings, depends on an accurate view of economic trends for various kinds of workers and skill sets. The paper states that the Canadian training system continues to refer to ideas of the 1970s or 1980s that becoming qualified in technical fields, presuming one's hard work and ability, will earn a secure job paying high wages and benefits; however, the Canadian training system is not geared to the problem of how to ensure labor flexibility and improved skills and education development of kinds suiting capital in the present labor market.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Adjustments to be Made
Planning a Future
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper
"Canadians are given a myth of needing to prepare for the new economy; whereas, the new economy seems to need semi-skilled or non-specialist workers and when special skills are needed employers can seek cheap skilled labor supplies abroad, in the well established pattern of international outsourcing. Most jobs that are being created in Canada are low-wage and low-security positions with low-skilled labor most in demand. Of course, this is interesting to reflect upon given an ambitious industry on the part of training colleges, public and private, to suggest that success lies in undertaking new training of some recognized kind."
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The Canadian Airline Industry, 2006.
An essay examining the Canadian airline industry and the role that the Canadian government should be playing in that industry.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This essay examines a number of issues regarding the complex interactions of government and market with respect to the Canadian airline industry. Beginning with a brief outline of the respective roles of government and market in economic theory, the paper argues that the Canadian government has an important role to play in the Canadian airline market with regard to promoting competition.
From the Paper
"The Canadian airline industry may be seen as an example of an industry in which the roles of government and the market are not only complex and highly integrated, but also highly controversial as well. In large measure, this is due to the limited size of the Canadian domestic airline market, and the public demand for geographical coverage spanning a continent. This mixture of political forces with market forces is further complicated, in the Canadian context, by the issue of Canadian nationalism which manifests itself in the market in barriers to investment by foreign capital in the Canadian airline industry."
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Canadian Film Industry, 2006.
A review of the independent Canadian film industry.
5,625 words (approx. 22.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 223.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the Canadian film industry, one that is said to be a composite of three different unique bodies that have combined to create a dynamic film environment; albeit not a uniquely Canadian one. The paper goes on to discuss how while the indigenous Canadian film industry is still extant it might be described as moribund at best. If not for governmental support for the indigenous film industry, independent Canadian film making might already be extinct. The Canadian film industry is relatively healthy overall but the figures indicate strictly indigenous Canadian films, outside of one or two major production houses, may suffer revenue and market difficulties in the years ahead.
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