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Business Customs Between Japan and the U.S., 2006.
An examination of the differences in Japanese and U.S. business customs.
1,951 words (approx. 7.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 62.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines the striking differences between Japanese and U.S. business customs which emanate from their different cultures. The author looks at the main concepts that differ between the two nations such as the Japanese emphasis on trust which they believe must be a major component of all long-term relationships. The author gives the example of how contracts do not have as much meaning as with U.S. business relationships. The author discusses in detail the main concepts that the Japanese work under, trust and harmony, unity and intuitive decision making. In conclusion the author points out that although the customs of Japanese business relationships are becoming more widely known and understood, he still recommends that a third party intermediary is taken to help in transactions. This, he states is quite common practice and a preferred practice of the Japanese so that many of the common errors of business protocol can be avoided.
Table of Contents:
Key Concepts
Group Harmony or Wa
Long-Term Relationships, or Nagai Tsukiai
Public Face;Tatemae and True Feelings; Honne
Communication Without Words; Hara-gei and Trust; Shinyo
Conclusions
From the Paper
"This aspect of the Japanese value system has important implications for business negotiations with Japanese clients or partners and is an area where particularly Americans with their somewhat "helter-skelter," lifestyles tend to look upon as superfluous. Therefore, this striking difference of culture-clash is by way of contrast and comparison quite an important factor for the American businessperson to study very carefully if one wishes to conduct business on any level in Japan. Executives of the Japanese organization will want to spend a great deal of time in getting to know prospective foreign associates and it explains why there is so much emphasis on the getting acquainted phase of the first meeting and why informal socializing is such a crucial component of establishing a business alliance in Japan."
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Japan and the U.S. - War in 1941, 2002.
This paper discusses why the U.S. and Japan went to war in 1941.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper finds that Japanese nationalism and militarism threatened American security. The Japanese hoped to conquer new territories so that they could get new markets for Japanese goods and provide raw materials for Japanese industries. The U.S. was threatened by the Japanese aggression and imposed an embargo on Japan. The Japanese ended up attacking Pearl Harbor because the U.S. represented the biggest stumbling block to Japanese expansion in the Pacific.
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Business Laws and Customs in the UK and the U.S., 2003.
A comprehensive analysis of the similarities and differences in business laws and customs in the United Kingdom and the United States.
5,034 words (approx. 20.1 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 127.95
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Abstract
This paper is a careful examination of the similarities and differences in the business and legal climates in the UK and U.S. It discusses how the common law heritage of most of the countries in the United States (Louisiana?s law are based largely on the Napoleonic Code) and the United Kingdom ensure a number of similarities in the manifestation of contemporary laws. It points out, however, like the electrical outlets and doorknobs in use in both countries, a sufficient number of differences exist to make direct comparisons between the two nations difficult but interesting. It explains how it has been shown that traditional contract laws in the U.K. and U.S. have both developed rules and principles that control the voluntary assumption of obligations, regulating the performance of obligations so assumed, and providing sanctions for failure to perform. The writer concludes that both countries' cultural traditions are reflective of the respective country's heterogeneity and its central importance in world affairs over the past several centuries.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The United Kingdom and the United States share a common heritage, language and culture. Even the U.S. Constitution itself was significantly influenced by the political concepts emerging from the U.K. at the time. Today, the two countries are staunch allies in the war on terrorism, and both countries continue to enjoy high levels of trade with each other. Notwithstanding the many commonalities between the two English-speaking nations, a sufficient amount of dissimilarities exist and a better understanding of these differences can provide some insight into how these countries engage in business today."
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Comparing Russia & American Business Customs, 2007.
A comparison between the business customs of Russia and the USA.
901 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the different business practices and customs of Russia and of the USA. According to the paper, Russian - American business relations have been characterized by the 2001 agreement between President Bush and President Putin in which both countries decided their "determination to foster a new dynamic in American-Russian economic interaction".
From the Paper
"Russian - American business relations in recent years are characterized by the 2001 agreement between President Bush and President Putin in which both countries decided their "determination to foster a new dynamic in American-Russian economic interaction" (The White House, 2001). Both nations are now set on a course of increased trade with a group of elite business men attending a summit in Washington DC in 2005 as a major step in the constantly improving business relations between the United States and Russia (Russian Embassy, 2007). The United States and Russia are thus important business partners as American investment in Russia has increased to $6.3 billion in 2005 (Russian Embassy, 2007). Furthermore, Presidents of both countries have "expressed their support of the initiative by Russian and U.S. business communities to launch the Russian-American Business Dialogue as a permanent communication channel between the business circles and the government agencies of the two countries involved" (Russian Embassy, 2007)."
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U.S. and Japanese Management, 2002.
A comparison of the U.S. and Japanese management philosophies.
2,458 words (approx. 9.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 74.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the Japanese management philosophy has changed drastically in recent years due to a declining economy and rapidly changing technological advances. It looks at how ideals such as lifetime employment and seniority based pay systems have all but disappeared in Japan. It demonstrates how the new management philosophies are modeled somewhat after U.S. human resource principles such as pay based on performance. It also examines how the U.S. in turn, has also re-structured some of it?s management practices to reflect Japanese ideals of total quality management and efficiency.
Outline
Introduction
State of the Economy
Lifetime Employment in Japan
Seniority Based Promotions
Union Memberships
Japan vs. U.S.
Quality Control
Productivity and Efficiency
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Many theorists have claimed that the changes occurring in the Japanese management system are making the management more Western in nature, more reminiscent of U.S. styles of management. In some respects this idea is true. Human resource policies in Japan encouraging performance based pay structure are very similar to ideals adopted by many U.S. business entities (Ornatowski, 106). The major changes occurring in Japan are related more to seniority based pay and wages, as well as consensus management decision making than lifelong employment philosophies. It is true that thousands of ?lifelong? employees have been displaced due to harsh economic times. It is important to remember however, that not all employees in Japan are lifelong employees, and only key or ?core? employees."
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The Hiroshima Decision: A Necessary Iniquity for U.S., 2003.
A justification of the U.S. decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan at the end of the Second World War.
2,466 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how, on August 6th, 1945, 80,000 lives were ended in a matter of seconds when the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima. It looks at the ongoing argument of whether or not the U.S. should have taken such a drastic measure and whether it was entirely necessary to drop such a devastating weapon. It attempts to prove that the atomic bombs dropped on Japan were cruel, but justified. It examines how the barbarities of war began with Japan and their war tactics, their attack on Pearl Harbor and China, and how they used suicide bombers and killed women and children. It also includes details of how the U.S. and the Allies tried to find some other way by imposing naval and air blockades to convince Japan to give up and end the war.
From the Paper
"With the end of European war, the Allies focused their efforts on Japan. By mid-1944 a consensus had begun to develop on the need at least to plan and prepare for an invasion, and in early July it was decided that unconditional surrender was to be achieved by undermining Japan's ability and will to resist through sea and air blockades, intensive air bombardments, and destruction of Japanese air and naval strength--and ultimately by invading and seizing objectives in the Japanese industrial heartland beginning with the home island of Kyushu (MacEachin). However, the huge loss at the earlier marine invasion of Iwo Jima and at Okinawa, and the information received from the intelligence reports of the preparations of Japanese by stocking on troops and suicide planes in retaliation made ground combat seem like an impractical decision."
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The U.S. Dollar, 2005.
This paper discusses the history and economic position of the U.S. dollar.
960 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in macroeconomics terms, the U.S. dollar appears to be the currency holding the greatest global power because it is the dominant reserve currency, now comprising 68 percent of global reserves as compared with 51 percent of global currency reserves just a decade ago. The author points out that liberal U.S. foreign and domestic policies influenced the success of the American currency because the United States was able to maintain only the minimum of trade barriers with Western Europe, Japan and South Korea. The paper relates that some critics hail the decline of the dollar as a much-needed reestablishment of economic balance between the United States and the rest of the world; however, other critics see the decline of the dollar as a path towards local economic growth and prosperity within the United States' borders.
From the Paper
"Historically, the extreme strength of the dollar was gained after World War II, when there was a decline in the value of the currency holding power until this event, the British pound sterling. At the verge of becoming a globally accepted standard currency, the Second World War decimated Britain in terms of power and economy, while the United States readily stepped in to fill the gap. The first major influencing factor on the dollar thus appears to be the decline of the then major currency in the world."
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The U.S. Economy, 1998.
This paper focuses on the economic situation in America in 1998.
1,776 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
The writer of this paper analyzes the current conditions and future prospects of the 1998 U.S. economy. This paper cites several experts in various related areas including: The stock market, real wage earnings and personal investment. Certain questions are raised in light of the economic, social and political trends touching the way individuals, institutions and the government handle money and the financial future of individuals and the society as a whole. This paper also compares America's economy to that of Japan. The writer discusses the dark side of America's successful economy and the political pressure to link social security to the booming stock market.
From the Paper
"Sloan puts forth what appears to be a commonsensical view that it is unrealistic (if not mathematically impossible) for the economy and the market to continue to grow at the astounding pace that has broken so many records and brought in so many investors--from institutions to ordinary people anxious to get reap the bounty that the upwardly spiraling stock prices offer. Sloan provides some striking examples of what would happen if the upward trends continue at the current pace. Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway, which closed Friday 24 April 1998 at $70,500 share, and has been growing at about 28.5 percent a year since 1965, if it continues this growth for the next 33 years, would go from its current total value of $87 million to 3,900 percent more--or $340 trillion! Sloan asks that we compare this with the $8.2 trillion that is the current output of the entire U. S. economy."
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Asian Turmoil and the U.S. Economy, 2006.
This paper examines the impact in the rise of speculative investments in unregulated Southeast Asian economies which has resulted in a global-wide financial crisis.
3,361 words (approx. 13.4 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the under-regulated stock market, real estate ventures and currency instability in the Asian economy that resulted in world-wide financial crisis. This paper explores the events in the stock markets in Thailand, Manila, Singapore and Hong Kong that were extremely profitable for a short time, only to crash soon after, leaving countless people owing billions of dollars and the economies of many Asian nations in shambles. The writer of this well-researched paper discusses how banks in the U.S. suffered greatly because of fraud in Singapore as well as in trading in derivatives, which when the various nations' economies sank, so did the value of these investments. This paper also examines the tug of war between Asian exports and imports and their impact on the American economy.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
The Derivatives Fiasco
Japan
Asia
United States Actions and Reactions
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"A staid old British banking institution, Baring Brothers, decided to enter the Asian derivatives field, and so sent a number of young traders, including Nick Leeson, first to Indonesia, then, based on his success, to Singapore. He used this great distance from the home office to trade in his own account, using the firm's money, as well as investments from other international banks. Because of the volatility of the market (and natural disasters like the Kobe earthquake) he first made poor judgment calls which had him owing 170 million pounds (about. $225 million). At the end, he was in the red (or, rather Baring's was) in the amount of $1.5 billion. When discovered, he and his wife fled, but were eventually arrested. This one man's greedy fraud had caused Baring's to go bankrupt, and caused a ripple effect in the U.S. where similar derivatives investments turned sour."
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Japan and the U.S. Decision-Making:, 1990.
This paper examines the reasons behind Japan's dramatic growth by analyzing the differences in business practices, cross-cultural differences and decision-making between the two economic powers.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
"While America is still a formidable economic force in the world, Japan has become number one in many industries. What is most interesting is how quickly it happened. The purpose of this research will be to look at the reasons behind Japan's dramatic growth by analyzing the differences in business practices and decision-making between the two economic powers. In doing so, a brief review of their historic, cultural and social dissimilarities will also be included.
The strongest elements in Japanese business relations are loyalty and trust, the virtues upon which all decisions are based. The history of relations between the United States and Japan has been one of long, mutual distrust, thus coloring the growth of and current business activities between them."
This distrust began when the United States, under the ... "
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Biotechnology in Japan and the U.S., 1991.
This paper describes and assesses the development of biotechnology in Japan as compared to the United States: Problems of development in this new industry, ethics, major issues and leaders, decision-making, public policy, funding, universities, legalitie
4,950 words (approx. 19.8 pages), 9 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"This paper describes and assesses development of biotechnology in Japan as compared to similar activities in the United States. The paper focuses on seven primary issues. First, problems incurred in the development of this new industry are discussed. Second, the interests, assumptions, and actions of key individuals and organizations involved are addressed. Third, the focus shifts to ethical questions raised surrounding this issue. Fourth, discussion moves to how decisions have been made and should be made. Next, discussion addresses policies that have been made or should be made, followed by outcomes or probable outcomes of those policies. The final issue focuses on implications concerning how science influences policy and how policy influences science. These issues overlap and, thus, it is difficult to clearly define where one issue ends and another ... "
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Japan/U.S. Trade, 1993.
An analysis of US-Japan trade, including a discussion of the Japanese economy, American concerns, Japanese economic, agricultural and rice trade, policies, US response to those policies and indications of change.
4,725 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 13 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
Japan is an important trading partner for the United States, but there are still problems because of the Japanese propensity for different forms of protectionism to keep out competitive goods. There are certain goods that Japan has a particular need for and that the Japanese cannot produce themselves in sufficient quantity, such as wood, highly prized in Japan for its decorative and constructive qualities but not produced domestically in any great quantity. Rice is a staple in Japan, and the Japanese consumes a good deal of rice each year without allowing much in the way of imports from other countries. It is believed that there is a market large enough to support imported rice to a greater degree than is presently ..."
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Employee-Management Relations in Japan & U.S., 1997.
Compares cultural & corp. differences. Individualism vs. group loyalty, communication, education, regulation and unions.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS: A COMPARISON OF JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES
Introduction
This research compares the ways in which employment relationships are managed in Japan with the ways in which such relationships are managed in the United States. This comparison is made within the framework of exogenous (field) and endogenous (arena) sources of power and influence in complex cultural organizations. Comparisons between Japan and the United States are made within the contexts of the following sources of power and influence: history (exogenous); organizational ideology and mission (endogenous); organizational communication (endogenous); labor market (exogenous); legal environment (exogenous); and structural authority (endogenous)."
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Marketing in Japan & U.S., 1997.
Compares marketing in these two countries in terms of consumers, segmentation, pricing, distribution, brand names, guarantees, advertising, packaging and direct mail.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"MARKETING IN JAPAN AND THE UNITED STATES: A COMPARISON
Introduction
This research compares marketing practices in Japan with those in the United States. The findings of this research are presented within the contexts of consumer behavior, market segmentation, price maintenance, distribution, branding, product guarantees, advertising, packaging, and direct marketing.
Japanese Consumers
Japanese consumers are moving from passive status to involved participants, often dictating what the end product will look like (Mummert, Orr, and Yorgey 14-19). The Japanese younger consumer demands to be involved and to be heard. The Japanese market is becoming a consumer?driven marketplace, although the evolution has not reached the point where the Japan.."
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Productivity in Germany, Japan & U.S., 1997.
Definition, measurement & significance in nations' relative economic strength.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"PRODUCTIVITY CONCEPTS AND EXPLAINING THE RELATIVE STRENGTHS OF THE ECONOMIES OF GERMANY, JAPAN, AND THE UNITED STATES
Introduction
This research examines productivity as a key element of competitiveness. An examination of productivity concepts and the measurement of productivity is followed by an assessment of the adequacy of productivity measures as explanations for the relative strengths of the economies of Germany, Japan, and the United States.
Productivity Concepts
Productivity is defined generally as a measure of the rate at which output flows from the use of given amounts of the factors of production (Pappas & Brigham, 1990, p. 191). When the factors of production are used in an efficient manner, a.."
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