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British Local Constitutions, 2004.
This paper discusses the requirement that British local authorities must have formal constitutions.
1,825 words (approx. 7.3 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
The paper explains the biggest change in local government legislation over the past thirty years,namely, that British local authorities must now have formal constitutions, designed to streamline decision-making and make the process more open and accessible to the public. The author points out that, in addition to basic rules and regulations, the constitution describes the four basic elements through which the Council operates: the full Council, Council Committees, the Executive and Overview, and Scrutiny Committees. The paper relates that, within most London boroughs, services must cater to exceptionally diverse resident communities where social exclusion remains a daily reality, and the need to attract business and investment is a priority.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Council
Council Committees
Executive
Overview and Scrutiny
Rules and Regulations
Livability and Leadership
From the Paper
"Livability is a local issue, however, and it remains for local government to take the initiative on an agenda that has tended to sit relatively low on the managerial priority list. As an issue that is key to people?s awareness of their area and the delivery of their local politicians, it should be a priority for the perception-bound politician concerned with his mandate. High profile elected mayors in the US have built their reputations on liveability issues; for example Guiliani?s ?zero tolerance? approach to street crime in New York, or Daley?s ?urban renaissance? in Chicago, achieved through new partnership working and the injection of new sources of funding."
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Constitutional History, 2004.
This paper discusses the U.S. Constitution and the structure of local, state, and federal governments, noting changes since the signing of this most important document.
3,120 words (approx. 12.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, very simply defined, government is composed of the institutions, individuals, and processes that naturally develop within a society from the common rules formed within that society. The author points out that the president, in his capacity as both commander-in-chief and as chief diplomat, has overlapping responsibilities for national security, foreign policy issues, and domestic programs, which sometimes are in conflict with each other and with the Constitution. The paper stresses that recent resistance to change has flourished among grassroots movements with civil rights activists speaking up in support of constitutional rights that the newly passed security acts of Congress have made null and void.
Table of Contents
Statement of Thesis
Introduction
The Role of Local Government
Local Political Forces
Politics and Police Administration
Leadership
The Nature of Leadership
Leadership in Government
The Communication Process and Communication with Other Cultures
Change
Resistance to Change
Conclusion
From the Paper
"History tells that the politics in big cities has generally characterized urban policy and politics, with the practice of obtaining votes from immigrants and minorities through the promise of jobs or other benefits. City governments and administrators influence the power of a city with a mayor infused with power through his associations and business connections. However, within this form of government the mayoral position is shared with other elected city officials, party leaders and appointed officials keeping the government balanced. There are, even today, within some cities and towns, those mayors who use their position to build special interest groups that support their issues and agendas."
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British Film Industry, 2008.
This paper provides a critique of the processes of British film in
respect to the influence of American film.
1,783 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the British film industry often frames itself in respect to its counterpart, the American film industry. The writer notes that movies made in the United States typically gross larger sums than British films, a point that has long motivated the British film industry to identify American movie-making as a more profitable model. The writer argues, however, that the emulation of American films by British studios has typically fallen short of projections: the British film-going audience, which hungrily devours American blockbusters, is surprisingly hesitant to engage in films that are made in Britain and utilize American-style plots, cinematography, acting, and special effects.
Outline:
Introduction
British Film Media
Issues of Consideration in British Film
British Film and American Film
Summary
From the Paper
"When this process occurs, the value of a film made by a British film studio is challenged. The outcome is problematic, as the film itself may contribute to the British film industry as a composition with significant artistic merit, but the lack of financial incentives indicates that there is a strong potential for the film to get "lost" in the cinematic archives. Films that have permanency within an audience are not necessarily those with the greatest intrinsic merit but are instead those that have had backing through a strong studio and have created a market identity through advertising, widespread distribution, and so on. A film that communicates a strong message or has profound artistic composition will not necessarily become a permanent achievement in the film industry, and for most investors and studios an obscure picture might as well have never been made."
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Insights into the Localization of 'mRNA', 2001.
A review on an article discussing the insights into the localization of 'mRNA' in embryonic and differentiated mammalian cells as it pertains to how proteins that 'mRNA' code for are localized, modified and expressed.
1,910 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper reveals the increasing importance of 'mRNA' study in understanding protein synthesis, localization and expression. It discusses the cellular mechanisms and techniques for measuring them. The writer explores the observed effects on development to the differentiation of the most complex cells and concludes that 'mRNA' localization has proven to be a highly conserved and important mechanism in the cell.
From the Paper
"When cells are dividing and differentiating into tissues and higher complex structures, each tissue-type cell is uniquely characterized by the membrane bound and cytoplasmic proteins it contains. These various proteins are sequestered within the cell by various mechanisms. The details associated with protein targeting have been the focus of considerable research in the last decade. As a result, a good deal is known about protein sorting signals and the machinery needed for endo and exocytosis as well as the mechanisms for transporting vesicles along microtubules and actin filaments within the cytoplasm. However, less is known about how cytosolic proteins are parceled out within the cytoplasm. It has become increasingly clear that the transport and localization of mRNA, not the proteins alone, plays an important role in the localization of proteins. mRNA localization is an active process highly conserved from a simple Drosophilia oocyte model to a very complex mammalian neuron. It allows for specificity in development and function that would otherwise not be possible."
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Local Zoning, 2003.
This paper argues, using the history of zoning in New York City as an example, that local governments should control local zoning.
1,445 words (approx. 5.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that local municipalities are in the best position to judge where zoning divisions should occur and when and if any exceptions to such zoning regulations should be made. The author points out that the most characteristic channels for airing contentions are public hearings and systematic consultations, with everyone involved in a particular decision having the opportunity to have their opinions heard and their interests understood. The paper relates that the concept of local zoning began on July 25, 1916, when the New York City Board of Estimate and Apportionment approved an ordinance to control building volumes and land uses throughout greater New York.
From the Paper
"Speaking in front of the Commission on Building Districts and Restrictions, President of the Department of Taxes and Assessments, Lawson Purdy, stressed the economic character of the problem facing them at the time: "Tenement houses, more euphoniously called apartment houses, built to the full limit allowed by law, have intruded into a territory beautifully developed with single family dwellings at great cost, well constructed, in condition to last for a hundred year, and have destroyed their value in large measure" By and large, the Commission's Final Report advanced the notion of the protection of the home as a primary goal of the proposed regulations."
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The British Influence on the Indian Army, 2002.
Review of the British involvement in India and its influence on the creation of the Indian Army.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 8 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
The military history of British involvement in India began, fully, in 1857 when Indian forces staged a revolt against the British East India Company. The Indian army began as an indigenous force run by British officers. The British role in India, far surpassed the history of British Imperialism anywhere else in the world.
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British Columbia, 1849-1871: Prelude to Confederation., 2002.
This paper discusses the evolution of British settlement on the Pacific coast of North America from the Oregon Treaty (1846) to the Confederation of British Columbia (1871).
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
It traces the evolution from a fur trade station to a colony and then a province. It focuses on conflict with American ambitions in Oregon and Washington and the impact of the gold rush of 1858. It also includes a biography of Sir James Douglas, the colonies governor and the local Hudson's Bay Company Superintendent.
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Ideological Assumptions of the British Welfare Regime -1945 to Present, 2003.
A discussion of how the British welfare regime has been profoundly shaped by ideological assumptions about family, work and nation in British society.
2,219 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how since the implementation of the modern British welfare state in 1945, the various regimes have been organised around an ideological triangle of family, work and nation. It looks at how this concept draws attention to the way in which welfare policies and practices are the product of a society characterised by normative representations of class, race and gender, which in turn determine the constitution of welfare citizenship. It shows how since 1945, ideological assumptions underpinning the social settlement have altered along with the changing political, economic and social landscape of Britain. It maps these changes, demonstrating the consequences for the development of successive welfare regimes. It also gives a chronological account of the way in which assumptions about class, race and gender influence welfare policy and practice.
From the Paper
"During the immediate post-war years there was a significant labour shortage and so the British government began a deliberate policy of encouraging immigration from Commonwealth countries. The British Nationality Act 1948 enshrined in law the right of Commonwealth citizens and their families to work and settle in Britain. However, many migrants found that despite Commonwealth citizenship, their immediate welfare needs were not being met (Clarke et al, 2001). For example, the eligibility criteria for provision of public housing, with regards to length of residence, served to exclude the newly arrived migrants."
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David Gillborn on British Education, 2005.
An analysis of British academic David Gillborn's research on the failure of the British education system, focusing on the unsuccessful mixture of social groups.
2,358 words (approx. 9.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way Gillborn views Britain's school system. It points out that Gillborn concludes that, as a result of political neglect, students of racial and ethnic diversity remain a marginal concern at the national level in schools and are still systematically excluded from their own schools. The paper discusses how Gillborn gives a hopeless forecast for the future, ultimately, implying that the increasing concern among teachers about social justice and equality issues are still at popular odds with the social concerns of the people. The paper concludes that the real question Gillborn leaves remaining is to the nature of his address and at whom it is focused; ultimately, policy makers, educators, academics and students should be well-versed in it, if any of the systematic failure he addresses should change.
From the Paper
"The refusal of the British government to directly address policy to the ethnic and racial discrimination occurring in the school systems worsened not only the system, but also the lives of millions of children, Gillborn concludes. Unlike the direct and explicit policy of American schools to address these demographic discrepancies, the British system, instead, amorphously moved around the issue, approaching it with a meta-interest that extended no further than a special group appointed to address multicultural education in the National Curriculum. This work, however, was never published. (Tomlinson 1991.) Gillborn critiques the government for its construction of not only its system but its attainment of education reforms as well, which he says that, without ever actually addressing race, clearly construct a particular version of a nation, its heritage ,and traditions, excluding any real debate over the treatment and forecast for specific groups. (Gillborn, 1999, pg. 14.)"
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Youthful Offenders Under British Law, 2006.
A research into how youthful offenders are handled by British Law.
2,108 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 66.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the British legal system with regards to youthful offenders and the sentencing of juvenile offenders in British Courts. This research shows that more studies are necessary in order to develop a program to better assist young offenders in the British legal system.
Contents:
Research Proposal Objective
Statement of the Problem
Introduction
Methodology of the Research
Age of Juvenile Offender According to General British Law
Alternative Sentencing Solutions Available in British Courtrooms
Youthful Offenders: Custodial Sentence
Argument Both For and Against Custodial Sentencing of Young Offenders
Findings
From the Paper
"The age of 'responsibility' or 'accountability' in the criminal justice court in England and Wales is the age of 10. Juveniles in the age range between 10 and 17 years old must appear before a youth court upon receiving a criminal charge A National Institute of Justice report states that "the sanctions available to youth courts are more restricted than those for adult courts, the major differences being that fines can be imposed which parents must pay and supervision or attendance center orders may be imposed." (NIJ Report) Options exist that may be pursued in lieu of typical trial on the case the defendant is charged under. For example, the following options are available in the British Court/Legal System. Alternatives to trials exist, according to the National Institute of Justice Report due to the possibility of a "formal caution administered by the police, used disproportionately for young offenders...." Stated is that a caution of a formal nature makes as a requirement that specific conditions be met. Inclusive in these requirements is that the offender: (1) admit to the offense; and (2) The offender and their guardian must be willing to "proceed as the police wish".
The following is stated in relation to Youth Courts which are one within the division of various Special Courts: Courts. Youth courts are specialized magistrates' courts that adjudicate cases involving defendants less than 18 years of age. There are restrictions on the access of the public and press to such courts. The defendant and any other witnesses under 18 years old must not be identified. "
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?British Cinema and John Schlesinger?, 2004.
This paper discusses film director John Schlesinger who, in the 1960s, was part of a new social realism in British films and a revivification of the British film industry.
1,500 words (approx. 6.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 49.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the social realism of the early 1960s was an accidental movement in film in which numerous films were produced for and about the working class, depicting working class life in realistic and dramatic terms, rather than comic terms. The paper points out that Schlesinger depicts characters facing a crisis in their lives when forced to confront the reality of their existence in films like ?Midnight Cowboy?, for which he won an Oscar, and ?The Falcon and the Snowman?. The paper relates that Schlesinger is known for films with a careful mixture of social commentary and entertainment value, as he makes his social observations entertaining to audiences.
From the Paper
"In the 1960s, film director John Schlesinger was part of a new social realism in British films and a revivification of the British film industry. Schlesinger came out of television and broke through to the world cinema with films like A Kind of Loving (1962), Billy Liar (1963), and Darling (1965), after which he began making most of his films in the United States beginning with the major success of Midnight Cowboy (1969). In his early work, Schlesinger made 26 films for the BBC, worked as second unit director on several television series, and eventually managed to make his first feature with A Kind of Loving."
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A Case Study of British Telecom (BT), 2002.
This paper discusses the key aspects of customer relations management (CRM) and change management, using British Telecom?s implementation of a CRM strategy and how it improved the company?s customer service, sales and marketing functions.
9,708 words (approx. 38.8 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 198.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of customer satisfaction in British Telecom and explores how the company's implementation of a new system of CRM helped improve their customer service. In order to understand the dynamics of this implemented change, the paper details what CRM is and how it is best utilized. It then examines how this management change was applied to BT and an in-depth look at the difference it made to the company.
I. Introduction
II. About CRM
III. Theoretical Perspectives, Concepts and Practices Involved in Implementing a CRM
IV. Change Management
V. About British Telecom
VI. British Telecom?Implementing CRM
VII. CRM Systems?Data Quality and Systems Integration
VIII. British Telecom?A Case Study
IX. BT?s Solution
X. Analyzing BT?s CRM from an Academic Perspective
XI. An Example of Systems Integration
XII. British Telecom?Building Customer Relationships
XIII. Problems with Implementing a CRM System
XIV. The Results
XV. Conclusion
XVI. Bibliography
From the Paper
"Today, when one thinks of British Telecom, the leading telecommunications firm in the united Kingdom, the words that come to mind are likely to be: successful company, preferred service provider, good service, market leader, reliable, financially solvent, satisfied employees. However, this was not always the case. In 1981, the British government announced its intention to privatize British telecom with the sale of up to 51% of the company?s shares to private investors. In 1984, over 50% of the company?s shares were sold to the public. The company?s transfer continued in 1991 when the government sold about half of its remaining shares, reducing its stake to 21.8%.
A 1984 regulation provided the company?s privatization and terminated its exclusive privilege of running telecommunications systems, in order to establish competition. At this point, British Telecom lost its monopoly in telecommunications systems, and faced many challenges that came with deregulation and increased competition."
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Alabama State Constitution of 1901, 2002.
A look at the Alabama State Constitution of 1901.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper explains the facts and details associated with the Alabama State Constitution of 1901. The 1901 Constitution was more a code of laws than a framework for government, as the Legislature retained near complete control over local affairs, making necessary hundreds of amendments over the succeeding decades. 10 pgs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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India's Ancient Civilization to Modern Day Politics and the Legacy of the British Raj., 2001.
A look at India's development from as early as the 3rd millennium and how other nations and civilizations often imposed their rule on India. The primary focus of the paper is on how British rule in India continues to effect modern Indian politics.
3,960 words (approx. 15.8 pages), 6 sources, $ 107.95
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Abstract
In this paper the author examines how British rule has made an impact on Indian politics. Making comparison to Abdullah Hussein?s characters in ?Weary Generations?, the author suggests that British rule, in modern Indian politics, continues to be ?an unhappy marriage that still is not broken?. The second section of the paper discusses political institutions in contemporary India and their relevance, whilst the third section looks at Indian ancient civilization which the author suggests has led to a modern day philosophy of non-violence, religious tolerance. The paper concludes with a look at democracy in India as compared to that in China and Japan.
From the paper:
?The English made many external changes that led to the Indian people's desire and ability to become their own unified country. Although unification may never have happened without the influence of the British, it was the Indians themselves that eventually achieved their unity. The British could not completely unify India.?
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