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"The Bridge Of Dreams" ( Jun'ichiro Tanizaki ) and "The Holy Man Of Mount Koya" ( Izumi Kyoka ), 1999.
Examines issues of history, tradition and literary origins in 20th Century Japanese fiction, focusing on two novels. Discusses memory, society vs. individual, nature, family ideals, psychology, sex, symbols and imagery and mysticism.
5,400 words (approx. 21.6 pages), 20 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine issues and themes relating to the discovery of origins in twentieth-century Japanese fiction. The plan of the research will be to set forth the literary and historical context in which origins have become relevant factors of textual analysis, and then to discuss, with particular reference to Tanizaki's Bridge of Dreams and Kyoka's The Holy Man of Mt. Koya, the narrative strategies behind the pattern of ideas relating to the search for origins and the means by which these ideas emerge in the works.
The traditions of Japanese history and culture cannot be ignored in any fair exploration of its art, including literature. Three major periods of Japanese government and culture, each of which followed the other in Japanese history, may be considered in this connection: the Heian, which flourished in the tenth ..."
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Narrational Aspects of "The Bridge of Dreams", 2002.
A review of "The Bridge of Dreams" by Christina Skye.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 1 source, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This seven-page undergraduate paper is in two parts. The first is the main essay about narrative structure, content, and other aspects of modern Japanese prose fiction. The two-page part is a discussion of reactions to the story.
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Dreams and Dreaming, 2004.
An overview of the process of dreaming and what dreams really mean.
2,253 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper attempts to define what exactly a dream is, whether it is a story that evolves in the mind in a single flash of inspiration, moving from beginning to end in a few seconds, or whether there more to it than mere fantasy. It examines how many researchers, both past and present, have given numerous definitions for what dreams are and how they can be interpreted.
Outline
The Mechanics of Dreaming
The Sleep Cycle
Body Dynamics
The Healing Power of Dreams
Dream Deprivation
The Meaning of Dreams
From the Paper
"Thanks to these dream researchers, it is now known that there is a regular cycle of sleeping and dreaming during each period of sleep. For most people, a night of sleep begins with certain rituals; sleep then is supposed to come in an instant. Within the first few minutes, the temperature of the body falls, and brain waves begin their regular alpha rhythms, indicating a relaxed state. In Stage One, the muscles lose their tension, breathing becomes more even, and the heart rate slows. In Stage Two, random or nonsensical image may float through the mind, mimicking the dream state. In Stage Three, the body continues its process of slowing down; the muscles lose all tightness, breaths come slowly and rhythmically, the heart rate decreases and blood pressure falls. In Stage Four, the body and the mind are at their most restful periods and may last for many hours."
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Dreams and Dream Research, 2006.
This paper looks at the sleep cycle and studies dreaming.
2,261 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses what exactly a dream is. The writer ask whether it is a story that evolves in the mind in a single flash of inspiration, moving from beginning to end in a few seconds, or if is there more to it than mere fantasy. The writer discusses the sleep cycle and the act of dreaming and notes that many researchers, both past and present, have given numerous definitions for what dreams are and how they can be interpreted.
Outline:
The Mechanics of Dreaming
The Sleep Cycle
Body Dynamics
The Healing Power of Dreams
Dream Deprivation
The Meaning of Dreams
From the Paper
"A 2000 study at the University of Michigan found that the human body's dreaming condition is much like the fight or flight response in waking life, which gears the body up to confront a threatening situation. Yet the brain simultaneously signals the spinal cord to hold the body completely rigid. Science is still attempting to exactly determine what
physical function dreaming has for humans, but since the 1950's, researchers have made remarkable advances in the study of sleep and dreams.
"The cycles of sleep are a fairly new discovery, but in the years since researchers finally cracked the code of sleep, much has been learned about how the human body reacts when one dreams."
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To Dream or Not To Dream, 2001.
A paper discussing the "American Dream," and how it has been denied to certain people throughout history.
1,111 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, $ 38.95
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Abstract
A paper discussing the "American Dream," and how it has been denied to certain people throughout history. The author relies on literary quotes to make the case that, in various points in American history, racism, poverty, and many other factors have conspired to deny the American Dream to groups of people.
From the Paper
"In the world today and throughout the past three centuries, millions of people have turned to America as the ?land of promise? where happiness is guaranteed and dreams are realized. The ?American dream? differs somewhat for all people but is built around the principles of being financially successful and having the opportunity to meet one?s goals in life. As this ideal has become more prevalent throughout the world, it has also become more elusive and difficult to obtain. This dream and guarantee that America supposedly offers is too often smothered by societal structure and philosophies, which impose limitations upon and create barriers against those seeking a better life; consequently, millions are left hopeless with their burning passion for life nearly extinguished."
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Bridge Management, 2004.
This paper is an extensive discussion of a systems approach to decision- making in bridge management systems worldwide, especially in the UK.
19,945 words (approx. 79.8 pages), 43 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, inevitably, bridges deteriorate over time at different rates: Timely maintenance activities, which are well-planned and carried out with minimal disruption to road users can present substantial savings in terms of both time and money for both bridge owners and road users. The author ponts out that, to tackle the complicated issues regarding bridge management, research activities in the UK as well as other countries in continental Europe concentrate largely on the bridge management process, with attention given to improving the use of limited finances to maximize the returns from the maintenance and repair of the bridge stock as well as reduce additional costs due to traffic delays and lane closures for these activities. The paper includes a critical review of other BMSs used worldwide, development of models to predict bridge condition over time, analysis of the various road user costs and using different optimizing techniques to best allocate finances and optimize bridge performance. 39 tables. 40 figures.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Objective
Bridge Conditions in the U.K.
Introduction
Maintenance and Upgrading
Expenditure
Department of Transport (DoT) Programme
What is a Bridge Management System (BMS)?
Introduction
Department of Transport Structure
Maintenance Agents
BMS in the U.K. and Other Countries
Introduction
Bridge Condition
Other Information in BMS's
Condition Prediction
Cost Models
Decision for Maintenance and Repair
Prioritization
BMS in the U.S.A.
BRIDGIT System
PONTIS System
SMIS System
Inventory
Inspection and Assessment
National Structures Programmes (NSPs)
Prioritization
Project Creation
Whole Life Assessment and Costing
Activities Schedule
Data Accuracy
Design Specifications
Access
Integration with External Systems
Bridge Inspection and Assessment
Bridge Inspection Types
Defects
Bridge Scoring
Introduction
Definitions
Bridge Condition Score (BCS)
Bridge Condition Index (BCI)
Bridge Stock Condition Index (BSCI)
Multi Span Bridges
Bridge Scoring Example
Interpreting BCS's
BCS Results
Histograms for Bridge Stock
Interpreting BCI's
BCI Results
Interpreting BSCI's
Predicting Bridge Condition with Time
Introduction
Markov Chain Approach
Example Calculation
Bridge Condition Example
Bridge Condition Results
Bridge Aggregation Example
Bridge Aggregation Results
Bridge Stock Example
Bridge Stock Results
Traffic Costs
Introduction
Traffic Count Example
Traffic Count Results
Traffic Delay Cost Examples
Delay Costs Results (1st Example)
Delay Costs Results (2nd Example)
Accident Cost Example
Accident Costs Results
Environmental Impact
Introduction
Emissions Example
Emissions Results
Decision-Making and Prioritization
Decision-making
Introduction
Prioritization
Introduction
Dynamic Programming
Budget Allocation Approach
Budget Allocation Results (1st Example)
Budget Allocation Results( 2nd Example)
Budget Allocation Results ( 3rd Example)
Improvements to Budget Allocation Approach
Introduction to BCI optimization approach
Service Potential (BCI) Examples
BCI Optimization Results (1st Example)
BCI Optimization Results (2nd Example)
BCI Optimization Results (3rd Example)
Maintenance Costs Examples
BCI Optimization Results (4th Example)
BCI Optimization Results (5th Example)
BCI Optimization Results (6th Example)
Conclusion
Future Research
From the Paper
"It is proposed that the transition probabilities to be used are the Bridge Condition Index (BCI), which operates on a linear scale of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The degree of severity of bridges is linearly distributed over this range (i.e. BCI of 50 to 51 is the same as 90 to 91), except that costs are expected not to have a linear distribution. This is a useful approach as the BCI (average) is interpreted as 'service potential' and is used as a performance indicator.
Using the example for multi span bridges earlier on, the transition probabilities for a three-state Markov chain model with limiting stage value of 3 is proposed. The probabilities are in accordance to the BCI values for the 'good' bridge arranged in order of descending magnitude (i.e. P(1) = 0.9845 and P(2) = 0.9246). For the purposes of comparison, the other two bridges ('medium' and 'bad') are also modelled and the three are plotted together."
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Peace Bridge, 2007.
The paper discusses the Peace bridge and looks at the proposal of a new additional bridge.
2,152 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the Peace Bridge spans the Niagara River and links the cities of Fort Erie, Ontario and Buffalo, New York. The writer points out that this bridge is considered a critical link for cross-border commercial traffic with considerable economic significance for the region. The paper explains that the bridge was built in 1927, has three traffic lanes and sidewalks, and has been well-maintained so it is in excellent condition. The writer points out that the proposal to construct a new bridge that would cross the river is not due to damage to the existing bridge but to the limited capacity of the roadways on the bridge.
From the Paper
"Someone designed the highway, while no one designed the space under the bridge. Such extra spaces are often created with such large-scale projects. This space is not likely to be useful in the current project to add three lanes of traffic to the existing bridge, though a more useful design for this space could be included at the same time to improve the area."
"The current bridge is a 3,600-foot steel truss built in 1927. The bridge is made up of five arched spans crossing the Niagara River, with an added through-truss span crossing the Black Rock Canal on the American side. The bridge was built of tons of steelwork and concrete abutments to hold it. The bridge was built to relieve traffic on the International Railway Bridge erected in 1873. The construction had to overcome the swift river current in that area, running at about twelve miles per hour. It is hoped that an addition to the bridge can increase traffic by one-third."
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Dreams, 1987.
Clinical significance from Freudian & non-Freudian perspectives. Examines wish fulfillment, individual interpretations, human v. animal dreams, recurring dreams and group therapeutic approach.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
" The purpose of this research is to examine the literature related to dream states as revelatory of unconscious activities. To this end, the paper provides a review of Freudian notions of dream analysis and interpretation; challenges to these notions are then examined. These challenges include the writings of people such as Carl Jung and R. D. Cartwright. There is also a brief discussion of the relatedness of dreams to physical states such as brain activity states and bodily illness.
The first theorist to formulate a comprehensive and scientific theory of dreaming was Sigmund Freud (Mattoon, 1978). He was also the first to integrate dream theory into a theory or personality. Freud initially hypothesized the dream to be a (...)"
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Dreams and Intuition, 2001.
This paper is about the effect that dreams have on us as individuals and how intuition can be tapped into by using our dreams as tools, through a review of Frances Vaughn's "Awakening Intuition".
1,185 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
Can dreams help us be more creative and intuitive in our lives? This paper is a quest for more answers on this subject. It asks questions like: How do dreams that we receive when we are asleep help us in our waking lives? If we tap into these dreams and allow ourselves to be completely open to whatever may come we might just open up to pure insight and intuition. The paper also includes expert opinions on the subject.
From the Paper
"According to Frances Vaughn author of Awakening Intuition , ?Carl Jung believed that dream content did not necessarily conceal or disguise psychological truth, but actually revealed it.? Jung felt that dreams could reveal ?hidden conflict or problems, or point the way to an unrecognized possibility of future development.? (Vaughn, 1979). I believe this to be true because I feel that all dreams are creative and that dreams are our most intuitive resource for understanding and unfolding the mind. Many people work out business deals in their sleep. Many others such as painters, sculptors and musicians etc... can create artwork while sleeping. And some can even go to bed with their problems and after waking up they realize the problems have been solved while they were sleeping. I would like learn to do this by becoming more open to my own intuition. This sounds like a positive way of growing, a way to self-discovery, and a path to higher learning, and self-growth."
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Dreams and Western Philosophy, 2005.
This paper discusses that, until recently, Western philosophy tended to look at dreams negatively as a source of confusion and as a way of determining a person?s character.
3,195 words (approx. 12.8 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although Western philosophy emphasized the irrationality of dreams and the dreaming state, Socrates and Aristotle investigated the thought that the dream was a possible indicator of a person?s character. The author points out that this investigative of dreams came to an abrupt halt with Descartes, and not until Jean-Paul Sartre?s ?The Psychology of Imagination? did dreams became an extended topic for philosophical inquiry. The paper relates that an existential psychoanalytic approach to dreams can be seen in Ludwig Binswanger?s essay, ?Dream and Existence? (1930), Michel Foucault?s ?Dream, Imagination, and Existence? (1954), and in Federico Fellini?s dream sequence and interpretation in his film, ?8 ??.
From the Paper
"These early thoughts on dreams have a certain charm in their quaintness and naivet?, and they were tentative attempts at trying to connect the dream state with the awake state. But if the dream had any notion of entering into center stage at any time beyond this period of philosophical antiquity, Descartes rudely gave the dream the hook and pulled it away from the wings and out the exit door. Never mind how the dream state connects with the awake state and how we can come to understand our daily lives. When Descartes contrasted the waking life with the dream state, he talked about the dream as a negative example to advance his theory of rational evidence, the role of sense perception, and the sensory resources available in the waking life."
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The Use of Dreams in Literature, 2002.
This paper compares the use of dreams in six works by six different authors.
1,605 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion on several works of literature and the use of the theme of dreams in them. The six works compared, contrasted and analyzed in this paper are: John Keats, " Ode to a Nightingale; "Langston Hughes, "A Dream Deferred;" Samuel Taylor Coleridge's, "Kubla Khan;" Thomas Findley's " Pilgrims; " Bierce Ambrose's " An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge;" and Samuel Taylor Coleridge's " Kubla Khan or, a Vision In a Dream: A Fragment." The writer discusses how each author uses the theme of dreams in their particular piece and then draws comparisons between the other author's works. The paper examines the proper use of dreams in any literary work. Using passages from each of these works, the paper shows how dream themes are used most successfully when dealing with death as a tool to explain the situation leading up to and immediately following the occurrence. The use of dreams often fills in many unanswered questions that may be plaguing the reader as they read a story or poem.
From the Paper
"Throughout literary history there have been themes used to underscore a point to the reader. Often times the same theme can mean different things to different authors, and it is played out in different scenarios in their works. The theme of dreams has been a popular theme for literature in the past, especially in short stories and poems. There are six separate works by six different authors, which have used the dream theme to carry out various tasks. Sometimes it is used to allow after death thoughts, other times it is about goals and future desires, but any time a dream theme is used in these six works the author drives home the point of heart filled emotion leading the story."
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Studs Terkel's "American Dreams: Lost and Found", 2005.
This paper discusses the book "American Dreams: Lost and Found" by Studs Terkel, which features a number of American dreamers telling their version of the American dream.
1,000 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in Studs Terkel's "American Dreams: Lost and Found", the truth about the concept of the "American Dream" is that there is no single concept of this dream because it means different things to different people depending on their race, location, creed and lifestyle. The author reviews various dreams from individuals featured in this book including Miss America Emma Knight, who, through her public speaking, attempted to benefit society and the environment by addressing issues of pollution and the effects of mass consumerism but found that politicians did not want to hear about their mistakes. The paper concludes that the American Dream entails not necessarily money but rather a wish to reach the best level of achievement in any area in which one chooses to focus.
From the Paper
"Some of the dreams featured in Terkel's work do indeed seem grand in terms of money and material success. Ted Turner for example used his drive and individuality to launch CNN; Arnold Schwarzenegger went from impoverished conditions to an international superstar; Wallace Rasmussen, son of a Danish immigrant worked himself up from poverty to a multi-million dollar business CEO and chairman. These dreams also seem to stem from a childhood of poverty and want. However, this is not where the dream ends. Many who have made a great deal of money do not entertained the short-term views criticized by Emma Knight."
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Dreams in Shakespeare's Plays, 2007.
An analysis of the significance of dreams in William Shakespeare's "Richard III", "Macbeth", and "A Midsummer Night's Dream."
1,593 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper briefly explores the significance of dreams in William Shakespeare's plays, "Richard III", "Macbeth", and "A Midsummer Night's Dream". It examines and explains how dreams serve chiefly to add depth and complexity to the main characters, reflect the belief systems of the audience Shakespeare was trying to enthrall and underscore the subjective nature of human "reality." The paper suggests that Shakespeare successfully uses dream sequences for commercial and dramaturgical purposes.
From the Paper
"By emphasizing the angst and suffering of the killers and conspirators, dreams also bolster the moral lesson that appears to lie at the heart of the drama. Just as in Richard III, those who ignore dreams in Macbeth do so at their own peril. For example, in Act II, Scene 1 of the play, Banquo announces to Macbeth that he has dreamt of the strange apparitions he and his untrustworthy friend encountered only a short while earlier. But although Banquo admits that the three strange sisters "have showed some truth" (Garber 113) as it pertains to Macbeth's elevated station, he fails to appreciate that the dream might also offer some insight into his own future. Banquo allows Macbeth to simply and disingenuously dismiss the prior encounter with the witches as meaningless even though their cryptic message is now impelling Macbeth to view his long-time friend as a rival who needs to be terminated (Garber, 114). As with Clarence and Hastings in Richard III, Banquo's inability to recognize the portents coming to him in dream prepares him for his tragic end."
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August Strindberg and Dreams, 2002.
Examines the use of dreams in August Strindberg's plays, "A Dream Play" and "The Ghost Sonata".
1,198 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how August Strindberg makes use of the form of the dream in the plays "A Dream Play" and "The Ghost Sonata," with varied results. "A Dream Play" was written in 1901, and "The Ghost Sonata" in 1907. The paper shows how the structure of both plays is dreamlike and the characters experience the world as if in a dream. The subject matter of the plays, though, is life itself, with a strong religious and moral tone.
From the Paper
"Much of the dialogue also makes the action of the play seem dreamlike, for though the dialogue could be taken as metaphorical, it has the tone of something surrealistic when the daughter says that the "castle keeps on growing up out of the earth" (Strindberg, "A Dream Play" 199). The action as well has a surrealistic quality, as when the daughter of Indra goes on her dream journey to the opera house, where a mystical door opens to show the four learned representatives of different faculties busily arguing over their disciplines and the great problems of human knowledge. This leads to the great fire that consumes the castle, followed by a wall of questioning human faces as the roof turns into a giant chrysanthemum. Such transformations are of the sort that occur in a dream, carrying symbolic meaning on a deep level."
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Dreams in Literature, 2004.
This paper discusses dreams, the unconscious, and the real self in ?The Interpretation of Dreams? by Sigmund Freud and ?The Metamorphosis? by Franz Kafka.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, primarily, Freud looks at the early relationship of the patient with his/her parents because Freud believed that an individual?s early environment shapes and influences the personality of the individual. The paper points out that Franz Kafka uses existentialism as his primary theme in his literary works. The paper stresses that both Freud's and Kafka?s works reflect one common theme that is vital for understanding the human psyche: confronting the unconscious to discover an individual?s real self.
From the Paper
"The concept of the Self as it relates to the two author?s works is distinguished from the ?impersonal one.? Separating the ?impersonal one? from the Self means that an individual has to let go of all his/her repressions in life, where s/he will know himself/herself not through the society, but by his/her own actions, behavior, and thinking. The Self and the ?impersonal one? play an essential factor in understanding the themes discussed by both authors, especially when the issue of dreaming and dreams is taken into account."
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