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Brazil and a Free Trade Area of the Americas, 2007.
This paper evaluates the effects of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil using Mexico as a model.
3,872 words (approx. 15.5 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the potential impact of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement with Brazil by looking more closely at the impact of NAFTA upon Mexico. In particular, the paper looks at worker conditions in Mexico, the heavy reliance of Mexico upon maquiladoras and the US economy, the disruptive impact of free trade upon many of Mexico's prime industries (chiefly agriculture) and the implications of free trade for the long-term viability of Mexico's present education system. The paper also explores what the free trade environment has meant for Mexico's fragile ecology.
From the Paper
"To start with, it need hardly be said that many first-world countries (of which there is none richer than the United States) trumpet the economic benefits to be derived from open trade between nations. At the same time, opponents of free trade in the developing world decry proposals such as the FTAA as being socially negative and as a means by which first-world, Western nations can consolidate an asymmetric power relationship between themselves and poorer countries. Naturally enough, such opponents also fear the mass-exploitation of natural resources and the implementation of regulatory "red tape" which will constrain internal growth and hobble the ability of languishing nations to join the first rank of economic powers. As one might expect, Mexico is a nation which often springs to mind whenever one contemplates the prospective economic impact of an FTAA arrangement upon Brazil insofar as both nations are relatively resource rich, possess abundant labor pools coveted by foreign multinationals, and have considerable (albeit predominantly latent) intellectual capital which can serve as a boon to themselves and to the outside world if channeled properly. However, the North American Free Trade Agreement has not been kind to Mexico despite its many promising opportunities."
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Preferential Trading Areas (PTA) in South America, 1999.
Role & benefits of PTAs in trade liberalization, their influence on economic growth and regional trade pacts. Looks at issues of protectionism, debt crisis and global implications.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
" Trade liberalization in South America has been channeled largely into the creation of preferential trading areas (PTAs). These subregional trading arrangements are seen by the developing nations of the region as building blocks that will produce economic growth, encourage development, and eventually lead to the creation of a South American or Latin American free-trade area. Such steps are perceived as necessary preliminaries to entry into a global system of free markets or even into a hemispheric free-trade arrangement. Although the nations of South America have agreed in principle to the notion of a Free Trade Agreement for the Americas (FTAA), support is considerable for extensive deepening and expansion of subregional arrangements prior to undertaking the greater degree of liberalization that would be required by a NAFTA-like, hegemony-dominated, FTAA."
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Free Trade Areas, 2002.
An examination of the relationship between economic growth and free trade.
3,900 words (approx. 15.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper is written about economic growth and free trade. They argue that recent economic growth should be largely attributed to intra-national factors rather than international factors. On the basis of research by the IMF they attribute growth to domestic economic and social policies for poverty reduction and economic growth.
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An American Free Trade Area: NAFTA, 2006.
An analysis of whether the NAFTA agreement has lived up to its expectations.
1,583 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 51.95
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Abstract
The writer discusses whether the NAFTA agreement has boosted investment and trade as substantially as was promised by the negotiators of the agreement. The paper shows that there are positive results from NAFTA, however, workers, communities and the environment in all three countries (Canada, Mexico and the United States) have also suffered from the agreement's flaws. In summation, the results of the agreement are more negative than positive. But, despite its shortcomings, there is continued hope that the three trading partners can come to a firm, better understanding that recognizes shortcomings and works to eliminate them.
From the Paper
"There are some positive results, however. "The North American Free Trade Agreement has realized its goal of increasing trade between the United States, Mexico and Canada, even though some business sectors have lost ground, U.S. Rep. E. Clay Shaw said Monday. NAFTA, implemented in 1994, lowered trade barriers among the three countries. From 1993 to 2001, trade among the NAFTA nations climbed 109 percent to $622 billion from $297 billion, according to the U.S. Commerce Department. But Shaw acknowledged that some Florida farmers, especially tomato growers, have been damaged by cheaper imports from Mexico. U.S. jobs also have been lost in the textile and apparel industries" (Salisbury 7B). It is the serious inequality of Mexico's income distribution remains a major problem, fundamentally explained by deep educational and cultural factors rather than by specific trade regimes. But if anything, one could argue that trade protection boosts profit margins, reduces the scale of operations of firms, and maintains high unemployment and underemployment rates, thus keeping wages low. Mexico was a heavily protected economy for over six decades and has only been liberalizing its trade for the last 15 years. And NAFTA has only reached its tenth anniversary. There are many steps needed to improve income distribution. Depending on temporary fixes isn't the answer."
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The Free Trade and the Americas, 2005.
This paper discusses the existing trend toward free trade, especially the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA).
1,930 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the trend toward regional economic integration has produced organizations, such as the EU, African Union, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations, serving the interests of many smaller nations by allowing them to attain more power in their foreign policy by acting collectively within; however, the key factor among all of the organizations, with the exception of NAFTA ,is that the member nations have comparatively similar economies in terms of GDP per capita, manufacturing sectors, and agriculture. The author points out that, surprisingly, the U.S. has done little to expand its trade relations with the other Western Hemisphere countries; however, the negotiations for the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) and the subsequent establishment of a common market in the Western Hemisphere, which be the largest trade group in the world, is one of the most prudent mechanisms for the U.S. to strengthen relations with key allies and propagate its global economic preeminence. The paper relates that the most significant objection, especially by Brazil, involves the agricultural subsidies given to US farmers, which will skew market costs and competition between U.S. and Brazilian farm products.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Free Trade Area of the Americas
Strategy for the Resolution of Disagreements over the FTAA
Geo-Strategic Implications of the FTAA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In order to revive FTAA talks and lead to a finalization of the agreement, three major areas require important changes: the administrations of the involved nations, the resolution of differences halting negotiations and a concerted effort to curb domestic political resistance to the FTAA. First, recent history has shown that the current administrations in many of the countries involved in the FTAA are unwilling to compromise on conflicting goals. While the Bush administration has made expanding free trade a high priority, its tenuous relations with the Chavez regime will continue to lead to subsequent Venezuelan actions to undermine US efforts. The forthcoming US presidential elections in 2008 or a resolution of the electoral controversy surrounding Chavez could bring a change in circumstances in this arena."
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Greenpeace and the Illegal Mahogany Trade in Brazil, 2002.
A look at Greenpeace's investigation into illegal practices behind Brazil's mahogany trade.
2,073 words (approx. 8.3 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how Greenpeace has developed into a worldwide organization that protests throughout the world on many of today's most pressing environmental issues. In particular, it looks at how the illegal mahogany industry leads to the cutting of other species of trees illegally, which in turn leads to widespread destruction of the Amazon and how loggers are able to launder illegal mahogany through the fraudulent use of official documents. The paper discusses Greenpeace's involvement in bringing these issues to light and their fight for the world to understand the consequences of the destruction of the Amazon rainforest.
From the Paper
"Paulo Adario, coordinator of Greenpeace's Amazon campaign commented that the clearings in the rainforest are large enough to be seen from a satellite (Rainforest Action Network). In an ABC News report, Greenpeace warned that the Amazon could potentially disappear within the next fifty years (ABC News Online). In the same report, Adario pointed out that only one percent of the Amazon was destroyed between the years 1500 and 1970. In the three following decades fifteen percent of the forest have been cleared, an area bigger than France (Rodgers). It is possible that several species of animals and insects will be wiped out even before they are discovered (Monbiot 5). Another hazard associated with logging is that the decaying process of destroyed vegetation contributes to the problem of global warming when the carbon is released into the atmosphere (Rodgers)."
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Brazil and the FTAA, 2008.
A comprehensive evaluation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas(FTAA) and its potential positive outcomes for Brazil and the global community.
11,988 words (approx. 48.0 pages), 45 sources, APA, $ 232.95
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Abstract
The paper explores the impact of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement on Brazil. The paper examines NAFTA as a working model and its influence on and benefit for Mexico and their economy. The paper evaluates various trade structures and associations relative to the potential impact of the FTAA for Brazil and South America. The paper explores the benefits and the negatives of a potential FTAA and focuses on several impediments to its further adoption in the region and by Brazil specifically.
Outline:
Introduction
Background of the FTAA
Economic History in South America: Brazil in the Twentieth and Twenty First Centuries
Trade Models
Future of the FTAA
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Brazil has long been a highly populated and growing nation within South America. However, it generally has not been recognized for its substantial positioning in the world market or its cultural strength among Latin American people. In the 1990s, however, Brazil began to be recognized as a significant inclusion in the world market because of its collaboration in creating the Mercosur agreement with other South American countries. As Mercosur began to be realized the United States offered the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) with the intention that it would have the same results for Brazil that NAFTA had for both Canada and Mexico."
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Free Trade vs. Managed Trade, 2002.
A comparison of free trade to managed trade in today's global economy.
1,275 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper compares the values of free trade to managed trade. It begins by defining trade and identifying the ideal trade. The paper argues that free trade is the best policy to increase prosperity and equality in a capitalist society. It describes managed trade as the current situation, as tariffs and trade policy try to create fair grounds for commerce between two nations, as seen through the example of Japan and the United States. The writer states that protectionist policies, as used in managed trade, have been the anthem of the past and have led to war and conflict.
From the Paper
"Trade is the exchange of goods and services between two countries. In order for trade to be successful, both sides must perceive that they benefit from the exchange, or the trade will not take place. In a perfect world, both parties go away from the trade happy that they have ridded themselves of something of which they have surplus, and gained something of value to them. However, in the real world, this does not happen all of the time and one party or the other walks away feeling ?cheated.?
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The FTAA, 2007.
An analysis of the benefits and disadvantages of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) on Brazil and its economy.
2,236 words (approx. 8.9 pages), 21 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines some of the most relevant issues regarding the potential effect of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) on Brazil and its economy. The paper analyzes the case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its affect on Mexico and its economy as an illustrative case. It then examines various trade structures and associations relative to the potential impact of the FTAA for Brazil and South America. Additionally, the paper looks at the benefits and the negatives of the development of a potential FTAA and examines several impediments to its further adoption in the region and by Brazil specifically.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Globalization
Economic History in the Americas
Trade Models
NAFTA Goals
Effects on Mexico
Macroeconomic Considerations
Political
Labor
Environment
Brazil Currently
MERCOSUR
Future of the FTAA
Roadblocks to Progress
Current Debate--Pros/Cons
Brazil's Anti-FTAA Stance & Lula
Possible Impact
Macroeconomic
Political
Labor
Environment
From the Paper
"Most economists believe the wider FTAA holds more promise for the South American member states than does the regional MERCOSUR or similar agreements that may result. The FTAA would expand the potential markets for industry competitors throughout South America allowing for greater leverage of comparative advantage. However, other analysts believe that the FTAA ultimately benefits the largest member states and leaves the smaller member countries with no obvious benefit (Oppenheimer, 2006). This last criticism has been directed at both the FTAA and regional agreements and seems to be an issue related to any trade agreement regardless of context."
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Free Trade/ Fair Trade, 2007.
An argumentative essay on the benefits of fair trade over free trade.
2,280 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The paper describes how those that promote free trade claim that overall production and profit is the highest good, and define efficiency and success as the ability to produce great quantities and great profit with a business. Those in support of fair trade, however, point out that productivity itself is not a good, but is only useful inasmuch as it improves the lives of the mass of people. The paper examines whether
countries should be allowed to protect their industries with tariffs or control them with regulations, despite the concerns or desires of other countries.
From the Paper
"Of these two arguments, Morris' is by far the most convincing, in part because he is far more holistic in his analysis of the situation. Irwin focuses primarily on the over-all financial gains for nations, but does not specify who those gains go to. Though he seems to believe that an overall per capita increase in national product will raise national standards of living, he seldom produces evidence to this effect and does not take into consideration that what may be true for one nation, such as Japan, would not be true for another nation which was emerging from a long history of serious economic depression (such as former colonies). Moreover, he seems to confuse personal well being with the well being of the international money market."
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The World Trade Organization And Trade Policies, 2002.
Examines the effects of the WTO on government trade policies in many countries such as China.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
The World Trade Organization has an effect on developing governmental policies concerning trade in many countries such as China.
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Trade Spaces in "Trading Spaces", 2002.
A representation of hegemonic masculinity in the popular television series "Trading Spaces".
3,010 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
The textual analysis of the TV series "Trading Spaces" explores the possibility of interchanging gender roles in this home improvement showcase. A strong case is built on the unchanging male hegemony. However, the paper shows that the series does focus, in a particular way, on issues of gender and power, and especially on the supposedly changing nature of masculinity. Provides limitless examples from the show to exemplify gendered television.
From the Paper
"Since its launch in September 2000 as a late-afternoon show, Trading Spaces has regularly scored a 2 or 3 household rating in its universe in prime time, according to Neilson Media Research data, peaking one Saturday evening in April at a 3:2 for an episode featuring the Dixie Chicks. With that all-time household record for TLC, Trading Spaces also beat out all broadcast networks in delivery of adults 18-49 that night (the network regularly ranks in the top 10 of all cable networks in delivery of adults 18-49 and adults 25-54). By the conclusion of its third season, Trading Spaces will have taped 65 new episodes compared to last season?s 40, and can be seen in 70 million homes in America, and internationally in Canada, Japan, Australia, Thailand, and the Philippines (Foege)."
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Brazil-USA International Trade, 2004.
This paper reviews trade and trade issues between Brazil and the USA.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
The paper explores trade and trade issues between Brazil and the USA. The paper details the principal export products and examines the controversies in international trade between the USA and Brazil regarding access to markets. The paper includes the balance of trade.
From the Paper
"This paper reviews international trade between Brazil and the United States. The principal products exported by Brazil to the United States are manufactured goods, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, automobiles and steel. The United States accounts for ? percent of Brazil's total exports The principal products imported by Brazil from the United States are machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, electricity, automobiles and automobile parts. The United States accounts for ? percent of Brazil's total imports."
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Brazil And U.S. Trade, 2002.
A look at the Brazil and U.S. trade agreement at a micro level.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the problem of consumption function with reference to an article in Time Magazine.
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North American Free Trade Agreement, 2000.
An analysis of NAFTA and arguement against the treaty's extension (Free Trade Areas of America) because of its negative effects on U.S. and Mexican economies, environments and public welfare.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 9 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
"The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) eliminated, or will eliminate (by 2009), all trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, and United States. Not long after NAFTA took effect on January 1, 1994, the Clinton Administration made the extension of that agreement (the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas, or FTAA) its top trade priority.
From the Paper
"The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) eliminated, or will eliminate (by 2009), all trade barriers between Canada, Mexico, and United States. Not long after NAFTA took effect on January 1, 1994, the Clinton Administration made the extension of that agreement (the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas, or FTAA) its top trade priority. Specifically, President Clinton wants to expand NAFTA to include all of Central and South America, thus creating a free trade zone that would extend from Alaska?s Point Barrow in the north down to Argentina?s Tierra del Fuego in the south. But such a move is potentially disastrous, as demonstrated by America?s five-year experience with NAFTA. This paper will argue against the extension because NAFTA has already had a negative impact on the economy, environment, and welfare of both the U.S. and Mexico, and those consequences will only..."
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