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Bottle-Feeding Research, 2008.
This paper provides an analysis of an article about bottle feeding entitled "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding", by S.M. Thoyre and R.L. Brown.
824 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
In this paper the writer discusses the article "Factors Contributing to Preterm Infant Engagement During Bottle-Feeding," that appeared in the September/October 2004 issue of the Journal Nursing: Official Journal of the Eastern Nursing Research society and the Western Institute of Nursing. The writer notes that this journal is a peer-reviewed publication. The writer points out that this study was well written and maintains that all of its points and conclusions were clear and fully explained and supported. Further, the writer declares that the interpretations were appropriate, led to logical conclusions and appeared to be unbiased. The writer concludes that the article increases the writer's knowledge about bottle-feeding and answers many questions about the importance of an infant being engaged during the feeding process.
Outline:
Source
Abstract
Research Problem
Literature Review
Theoretical Framework
Variables
Hypothesis
Design
Sample
Data Collection
Study Procedures
Ethical Consideration
Data Analysis
Discussion and Interpretation of Findings
Application to Nursing Practice
Presentation
From the Paper
"The research was clearly described as a cross-sectional study conducted in the Midwest over a period of six months. There was no manipulation of the independent variables; rather, the manner in which the data was recorded was altered to make the data more meaningful. A lot of attention was given to detail in this study and efforts were made to control for potential confounding factors."
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Breast Feeding vs. Bottle Feeding, 2004.
This paper discusses and compares breast feeding versus bottle feeding.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
In this essay the writer compares and contrasts breast feeding versus bottle feeding. The writer discusses the impact of infant and child's early interaction with food on eating habits as an adult. The writer discusses whether bottle feeding or breast feeding offers less strain to the infant.
From the Paper
"In a discussion of eating disorders in relation to food and feeding in infancy and the early childhood years, Brazelton and Sparrow point out that one of the keys to healthy eating as an adult is associated with whether a child's earliest interaction with food was a strain or a struggle. While for any given child what constitutes strain or struggle can differ, Brazelton and Sparrow's remarks bring up the question of whether generally it is less of a strain on ... "
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Breast Feeding vs Bottle Feeding, 2001.
Examines scientific studies on benefits of breast feeding infants re: health, mother-child bonding. Concludes more research needed.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"The subject of this paper is the effects of breast-feeding on infant nutrition and development as compared to the effects of bottle feeding. The issue of breast-feeding versus bottle feeding has been greatly debated by scientists, pediatricians and parents. Determining the benefits of breast-feeding infants is critical in enabling parents to make an informative choice when deciding to breast-feed or bottle feed their infants. Some scientists have found that breast milk contains elements that provide greater immunity to infants than formula milk, thus preventing them from getting infections (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 169). Furthermore, there is a close association between maternal-infant bonding and breast-feeding (Rosenblith, 1992, p. 169). Breast-feeding requires constant intimate physical contact between the mother and infant. After birth, the mother needs the..."
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Breast vs. Bottle Feeding, 2004.
An analysis of the social construction of infant feeding in the United States from 1950 to 2005.
2,813 words (approx. 11.3 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
To identify the factors that serve to influence a mother's decision to breastfeed or bottle-feed her infant, this paper examines the cultural and social factors that have historically shaped these decisions during the period 1950 to date. The paper makes use of both historical and ethnographic qualitative methods. The results of the study serve as a useful framework in which to develop a best practices approach for clinicians to use in a wide range of treatment settings to help women make the right decision based on the scientific evidence rather than potentially spurious and unrealistic historical considerations concerning breastfeeding practices.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of Study
Significance of Study
Limitations of Study
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Theory
Proposed Methods
Expected Outcomes and their Importance
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Several factors serve to influence a mother's decision to breastfeed or bottle-feed her infant, including the media, public marketing of formula, hospital policies, work environments, social and personal support networks, cultural and individual beliefs, and breastfeeding advice by clinicians and non-health care professionals; unfortunately, all of these factors affect minorities in America disproportionately (Oyeku 2003:377). For example, the results of the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey provide some insight into contemporary factors that may account for the comparatively low breastfeeding rates among African American women today. In this survey, Beal and her associates determined that African American women were less likely than their white counterparts to recall receiving breastfeeding advice from clinicians and women, infant and children (WIC) counselors than white women. "
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Breast Feeding, 2002.
A discussion of the pros and cons of breast feeding over bottle feeding.
2,704 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, as more women enter the workforce, the question of whether or not to breast feed becomes a decision of great importance. It evaluates studies dealing with the effect of breast feeding on infant nutrition and development, as compared to the effect of bottle feeding. It shows how breast feeding has gone in and out of style throughout the years, but as research continues, its use has been proven to be overall physically and cognitively beneficial and its positive effect on health cannot be ignored.
Outline
Studying Health Care Costs of Formula-Feeding in the First Year of Life
Breast feeding and Later Cognitive and Academic Outcomes
Breast feeding Effects on Intelligence Quotient in 4- and 11-Year-Old
Research Shows Breast Feeding is Beneficial
From the Paper
"Breast feeding also has the probable protective effect of deterring sudden infant death syndrome, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Crohn?s disease, ulcerative colitis, lymphoma, allergic diseases, as well as other chronic digestive diseases (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1997, p. 1035). Klaus and Kennell(1976) found that a mother?s milk provides better immunity and eliminates dangers of formula contamination. In fact, infants that were still breast feeding at six months had gained one-and-a-half pounds more, and had had fewer infections. Klaus and Kennell (1976) surmised that these differences may simply reflect the advantages of breast feeding over bottle feeding."
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Breast-Feeding vs. Substitutes, 2002.
Examining the facts to be considered when choosing breast-feeding over bottle feeding.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 57.95
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Abstract
This paper details facts on the health debate in predominantly third world countries. It discusses the Nestle formula case and how marketing has made breast-feeding into something to be thought about by many mothers. It shows how before breast-feeding was the default choice of nutrition, formula has taken a large portion of the market share. Pros and cons of each choice is presented.
From the Paper
"Breast-feeding advocates around the world state that 1.5 million babies die each year from improper substitution of breast-feeding. That?s a death every 21 seconds. Since the 1970?s, an international battle has raged over the marketing exploits of the baby food industry. With Nestle controlling 40% of the multi-billion dollar worldwide baby milk industry, they have been the most visible target of boycotts and legislation. However, after almost 30 years in the news, it seems that neither side has made any real progress. Nestle claims it adheres to international code and provides a very necessary product; breast-feeding advocates shout bloody murder and continue their campaign. How can this debate be resolved?"
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The Water Bottle, 2008.
This paper is a Prown's object analysis of a cultural artifact, the typical water bottle.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that water bottles, designed to hold water and any sort of liquid, come in a variety of shapes, sizes and even methods of use. The author points out that, while water bottles originally may have been developed for athletic purposes, they now have become both a fashion statement and a convenience item. The paper states that the water bottle as a cultural artifact is an important element of a greater cultural development called commoditization. The author suggests that, in analyzing the water bottle as a commodity and as a cultural relic, it is best to rely on a qualitative methodology, which will allow the researcher to approach this topic from an phenomenological perspective rather than a deterministic, quantitative perspective that might obscure the fact that actual people use water bottles in a myriad of ways and for a number of diverse purposes. The paper includes a colored picture of water bottles.
Table of Content:
Description
Substantial Analysis
Content
Formal Analysis
Deduction
Sensory Engagement
Intellectual Engagement
Emotional Response
Speculation
Theories & Hypothesis
Program of Research
From the Paper
"The water bottle is a work of architecture as much as it is an item of convenience. In architecture, form and function are uniquely inter-related and in design related specialties that must pay attention to this relationship, how the designer melds these two attributes is critical to the final appearance and practicality of the item in question. For the water bottle, it can be seen that function follows form. The most important attribute of the typical water bottle is the manner in which it holds water and how easily it can be grasped by the human hand without any form of manual assistance in the form of another individual or a lifting device such as a strap or a handle."
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Nicholas Sparks' "Message in a Bottle", 2007.
This paper explains that Nicholas Sparks' novel "Message in a Bottle" is a story about the destructive and regenerating powers of love.
2,565 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the plot of Nicholas Sparks' "Message in a Bottle" follows the true life story of Sparks' father. The author points out that this novel makes use of the leitmotif of a message in a bottle, which was thrown in the sea and left to the mercy of the waves and of chance. The paper relates that these love messages, written by Garret Blake to his deceased wife Catherine and put afloat in bottles contain the most important statements the author makes about love and trigger the further developments of the plot.
Outline:
Love in the Context of Life and Death in the Novel
The Leitmotif of the Message in a Bottle Thrown at Sea
Makes the Transition from the Old Love Story to the New Love Story
Forms the Lyrical Core of the Novel and Serves as a Confession of Love
Serves to Prove the Role that Chance Plays in Finding True Love
The Place of Love in Life
Lovers Often Use the Word "Forever" to Describe Their Love, Suggesting that Death is an Obstacle in the Course of Love
True Love Can Happen More Times during a Life- Span Due to Man's Inner Capacity to Love
Negative Criticism of the Novel
Loose, Unrealistic Plot
Tearjerker
Symbolic Meaning of the Novel
Love can be Destructive
Death and the Chances of Life Interfere with the Course of Love
True Love Seems to be Ill-Fated
Loss Happens Two Times in the Novel- Garret loses Catherine, then Theresa loses Garret.
Love has a Regenerating Power
Love can Happen after Loss
Novel's Circular Structure
Proof of the Regenerating Power of Love
From the Paper
"The human capacity for loving is proven as unquenchable: love can follow again even after the deepest relationship, although this feeling may be frustrating, as we see in Garret's case who finds it very hard to accept the death of his wife and to love again. Thus, love, life and death appear are very much connected in the novel, revealing an essential fact about the human condition: life and love seem to be somewhat in conflict all through the human existence. Man is first of all given life to, and his life span is delimited by destiny."
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Feeding Tubes, 2007.
This paper presents a discussion about the use of feeding tubes at the end of life.
990 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the controversy regarding the use of feeding tubes at the end of life for terminal patients. The author presents the research from a nursing perspective. Additionally, the paper considers the questions of whether prolonging life with a feeding tube is in the best interest of the patient. The author includes an extensive literature review with regards to patients with dementia, cancer and other end of life issues and reviews what has been concluded about using feeding tubes at this stage. The writer also touches on the issue of living wills.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
References
From the Paper
"The past few years have seen many controversial stories played out in the news regarding end of life feeding tubes and their use. Society lines up on both sides of the issue and hotly debate whether or not using a feeding tube at the end of one's life is something that should be done even if the patient is not capable of consenting. Meanwhile patients all over the nation languish between the two sides of the debate with their families trying to make the most humane and compassionate decision regarding the placement of a feeding tube into their loved one. Many studies have been conducted regarding the use of a feeding tube on a patient who is at the end of life with differing results. With a small risk in the actual placement of the tube the question centers around whether prolonging life with a feeding tube is really in the best interest of the patient. "
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MS. Found in a Bottle, 2002.
Examining Edgar Allan Poe's ?MS. Found in a Bottle? and how it represents the life he led.
1,757 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the life of Poe, by analyzing his work ?MS. Found in a Bottle?. The paper begins with Poe's early life and show in what condition he was when he wrote the work. It examines the composition and publication and well as the sources and influences of the short story. The paper concludes with criticism Poe's writing recieved.
From the Paper
"Edgar Allan Poe did not have a happy childhood or life. The torment that he faced in his lifetime is reflected in his works. His father (David Poe Jr.) had abandoned the family when he was just 2 years old and his mother died soon after. He was placed in the care of a childless couple, John and Frances Allan, who doted on him but he was never legally adopted. He was to lament the loss of his parents by remarking, ?The want of parental affection has been the heaviest of my trials.? (Poe ?Letter to Judge Beverly Tucker.?) '
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A Bottle of Coke, 2008.
This paper focuses on the Coke bottle to highlight the important role of material artifacts in our lives.
2,651 words (approx. 10.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Coke bottle, with specific reference to its status as a global meta-commodity or meta-symbol. The paper explores how material artifacts provide valuable insights into what is important to a culture. The paper analyzes the film "The Gods Must be Crazy", which illustrates how even the most powerful meta-symbol is powerful only because of its connotations and associations. The paper concludes by emphasizing how material artifacts affect our lives.
From the Paper
"The Coke bottle is one of the most recognizable material artefacts in the world. Its shape and distinctive label is recognized globally. For some it evokes warm, fuzzy feelings, and for others it invokes a paroxysm of anti-capitalist or anti-American feelings. It may evoke arguments about art vs. commodities, or about West vs. Islam. In the USA, your attitude to the bottle may depend on which side of the colour divide you fall on. Love it or hate it, it is unquestionably an important aspect of contemporary material culture."
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"Absolut : Biography of a Bottle" by Carl Hamilton, 2002.
This paper examines the marketing and advertising strategies for vodka as set out in the book "Absolut : Biography of a Bottle" by Carl Hamilton.
1,020 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the book "Absolut : Biography of a Bottle" by Carl Hamilton and discusses the story of how Absolut Vodka emerged as an unknown product and with a unique marketing strategy managed to conquer the United States market.
From the Paper
"The first step in the story is the proposal Gunnar Broman, head of Sweden?s top advertising agency, made to New York executives in 1978. At this time the belief was that all good vodka came from Russia. In reality, vodka had been being produced in Sweden for centuries, but the cultural belief in America was that vodka came from Russia."
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Concentrated Animal Feeding, 2004.
This paper discusses concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) for swine and the environmental and human health hazards typically associated with such practices.
845 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that recent changes in swine-management practices, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), have resulted in a growing controversy surrounding the environmental and public health effects of modern swine production. The author points out two problems in swine-management practices, including an increase in health hazards because of the confined spaces, and public relations problems for the industry, particularly in the communities immediately situated near such facilities. The paper relates that the industry deal with these issues by using sound environmental health practices in the workplace and by providing anaerobic lagoons to help remediate the large amount of biological wastes that are inevitably generated at such CAFOs.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Environmental and Health Hazards Associated with CAFOs for Swine
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the last half of the 20th century, agricultural growth and development in the United States has become more closely linked to a wide range of social and environmental problems. Partially because of the industrialization of farming and food production, soil and water resources have been degraded, wildlife habitats have been destroyed, and rural communities have been dissolved and uprooted.The scale, mechanization, specialization, capital-intensity, and chemical-intensity of agricultural production have dramatically increased, with the result that large agribusinesses and individual farm operators have come under greater environmental scrutiny associated with the broader ?greening? of public opinion since 1970."
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Pros & Cons of Breast Feeding, 2001.
Discusses research studies. Contends mothers have right to make their own choices re: breast feeding.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 4 sources, $ 23.95
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From the Paper
"In recent years, research studies have indicated that breast feeding is beneficial for virtually all infants most of the time. Human milk contains substances that not only provide nutritional benefits to infants, but also protect them against diseases and enhance their immune system. Extensive research studies have shown that these human milk compounds offer protection against a wide variety of pathogens such as rotavirus and Vibrio cholerae. Infants who are breastfed exclusively have more protection against these pathogens than infants who are fed by formula (Kaplan, 2000, p. 178).
In other research studies that assess the effects of breast feeding on various diseases, researchers have also found that breast feeding can eliminate the likelihood or frequency of diarrhea (Kaplan, 2000, p. 178). In a meta-analysis of ..."
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Total Parenteral Feeding, 1989.
Discusses the concept and practices of receiving nutrition through intravenous feeding. Examines the role of the nurse and the teams approach to infusion therapy and ethics.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 9 sources, $ 39.95
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From the Paper
Introduction
"The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the concept of total parenteral feeding, or total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and of some of the major issues surrounding the concept. Parenteral feeding refers to nutrition received other than through the intestines, or by digestion. In essence, parenteral feeding is nutrition received through an intravenous administration of a solution. TPN indicates that all of an individual's nutrition requirements are received intravenously.
TPN and the Role of the Professional Nurse
There are nine principal activities associated with professional nursing (Levine, 1973). Activities numbers four and five are directly related to TPN. Activity number five is the determination, and the provision of patient nutritional needs,..."
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