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| Term Paper # 102384 |
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United States Border Security, 2007.
This paper looks at the border security of the United States following the terrorist attacks of September 11, focusing on Mexican immigration.
2,800 words (approx. 11.2 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 83.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that, following the horror of the catastrophe and carnage of September 11, 2001, if there was ever any doubt that America's priorities needed to be changed, that doubt was now removed. The writer relates that America's leaders would begin to examine the nation's vulnerabilities, among the most glaring of which was the porousness of its borders - the vast influx of Mexican nationals across America's southwestern frontier. The writer notes that the flood of Mexicans across the United States border, though the result primarily of economic factors, has powerful implications for America's security. The writer points out that a serious analysis of the aims of America's national security strategy might look at whether illegal aliens truly present the terrorism problem that has been attributed to them. The writer concludes that while there may be real and significant reason to contain or eliminate illegal immigration from Mexico, and to seal the Southwestern border of the United States, government action does not seem to bear out the sense of urgency inherent in its rhetoric.
From the Paper
"The Immigration and Naturalization Service was already putting operation plans that would treat alien groups as potential subversives, arrogating to itself extraordinary, seemingly extra-legal powers in the name of guarding against potential national security threats. The fear of alien incursion to which these contingencies react is based on a still larger problem, of which Mexico and other developing nations appear to partake. It is a similar to the problems that pervade much of the Muslim world, as well, and give rise to the feelings of hopelessness, despair, and frustration, that turn so many into terrorists."
"Globalization has led to a worldwide race for control of resources, both human and natural. The populations of developing nations, like Mexico, feel themselves more exploited than ever by the multinational corporations operating out of technologically-advanced nations like the United States."
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Border Security, 2004.
An analysis of the security issues on the Canadian and United States border and the effects on trade.
836 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the increased security at the Canada-U.S. border following 9/11 and discusses the challenges facing Canadian firms exporting to the U.S. The paper presents alternative options for Canadian companies. The paper states that, despite these alternatives, many Canadian companies chose to continue their profitable relationship with the U.S. and, instead, focus on solving border issues through effective management.
From the Paper
"Canadian managers are faced with a number of international environments during the normal course of foreign business. These can include differences in language and culture, and differences in units of measurement. In an international environment, financial concerns and currency are also often apparent, as are concerns over differences in laws. However, perhaps the most important of these international environments focuses around trade agreements, sanctions, and barriers, and concerns over national security. In trade between the U.S. and Canada in the post-9/11 world, Canadian managers are faced with the problems of ensuring that trade flows freely within the context of increased American border security after September 11th."
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Border Security, 2007.
An in-depth analysis of the illegal immigration problem facing the United States.
5,425 words (approx. 21.7 pages), 19 sources, MLA, $ 133.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how border security is becoming a major issue in the post-9-11 world. The paper relates that the problem was seen first in economic and social terms, then as a law enforcement matter and now as a national security issue. The paper discusses how while this may have made the nation more serious about controlling the flow of illegal immigration, it has not immediately suggested how to accomplish this difficult task. The paper examines the various means that are being recommended and tried; increasing the number of border guards, building a fence, enhancing ID cards and using facial recognition software.
Outline:
Introduction
Economic Security
Immigration and Crime
The Immigration Debate
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The immigration debate has been ongoing for many years, with an effort to determine the degree to which legal immigration will be supported and illegal immigration will be tolerated. The United States has two major borders, the longest with Canada (not generally seen as an issue) and a shorter one with Mexico (considered a major problem and at times a major threat as thousands of illegal immigrants cross each year seeking economic benefits in the U.S.) For decades, the border has been relatively porous in spite of the many people who have raised the issue and who see illegal immigration as a major economic threat."
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Post 9-11 Security and Privacy in IT, 2005.
Examines whether privacy and security in information technology have any future after September 11, 2001. Presents an EU and non-EU perspective.
21,000 words (approx. 84.0 pages), 300 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper examines not only the data protection instruments but also encompasses various breaches, recognitions and provisions for the interests of national security that over-weighs/surpass dangers to individual privacy in information technology. Chapter 2 deals with the erosion of privacy rights due to Sept 11, and amounts to probably the most significant issue in recent history, as information privacy rights have been recognized for controlling the dissemination and use of data. Chapter 3 has a comprehensive analysis that everyone has the right to be protected under the law and no one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home, or correspondence. Chapter 4 studies means of private communications without the consent of the sender or receiver and deals with breaches of privacy. Chapter 5 reviews data protection instruments in EU and non-EU horizons. Chapter 6 elucidates shocking revelations against terror and a flurry of virus activity resulting in personal data of Arab males being made available to the police to protect data against the war on terrorism. Chapter 7 states the balance between privacy and security risks and suggests that privacy-invasive measures adopted have not been as effective in enhancing security as originally intended. Hence they should not be construed as rivals but rather two sides of the same coin. In Chapter 8, systematic surveillance of the citizen in both the physical and virtual worlds after September 11, 2001 is discussed in detail. In Chapter 9, the war on terrorism by the United States and its allies as well as the discussion and measures about the ways in which the world has changed is dealt with. Chapter 10 details the cooperation and mutual assistance in EU-US law enforcement, namely human trafficking, immigration, and refugees, visas, biometrics and passports, etc.
Chapter 11 addresses security concerns raised in the aftermath of the September 11 attack and interrelated issues involving the movement of people, security at the border and in the skies and various security models/gadgets as well. Chapter 12 gives details of how and why a fund was created for the compensation of victims of Sept 11. Chapter 13, last but not least, wraps up various issues discussed earlier and answers unanswered questions from the introduction.
Table of Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Individual Privacy and Personal Information
3. Legal Recognition of Privacy
4. Infringements of Individual Privacy
5. Data Protection Instruments in EU and non-EU Horizons
6. Data Protection and War against Terror
7. Privacy-Security Analysis
8. Improvement in Technologies in US and in EU
9. Provisions of National Security, EU-Non EU Measures
10. Cooperation and Mutual Assistance in EU-US Law Enforcement
11. Crime and Security in the Aftermath of Sep, 11
12. September 11 Victim Compensation Fund (VCF)
13. Conclusion and Suggestions
14. Bibliography
From the Paper
"Privacy rights have always been something of a stepchild in the family of constitutional rights. Although interpreted by the courts to be one of our fundamental rights, it is not mentioned by name anywhere in the Constitution or its amendments because it is a passive right. Felt only when absent, it tends to get less attention. This is why it became the first constitutional right in the post-September 11 execution line. Whatever the case, we should all be concerned that what has happened to privacy can also happen to other rights. There is always tension in the system, but it was designed that way, and generally we do a good job of balancing the desires of the state with the liberties of the people."
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Information Systems and Security, 2008.
This paper critically examines the information systems of the United States with regards to the struggle against terrorism.
2,977 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
The paper examines the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and looks at how the United States' information systems fail to meet the tests of universality and of platform and operating systems compatibility. The paper then looks at how border security and the war against bioterrorism have been facilitated by cutting-edge technologies that are compromised by the same interoperability issues. The paper concludes that the failings of the DHS is proof that a more streamlined, centralized data-gathering and data-exchange process is needed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Information Systems and Standards Universality, Oversight and Compatibility: the Case of the United States Government
Federal Information Systems and the Border
A brief Look at Federal information Systems and Bioterrorism
Future Vision
Conclusions/Summary
From the Paper
"A Government Accountability Office Study conducted in June of 2005 found many problems with the information system in place at the Department of Homeland Security - problems that clearly reveal logistical and planning problems that must be overcome both in the public and in the private realms if the terrorist threat is to be appreciably reduced. To begin with, if the DHS is to be held up as an example, the United States government has done a desultory job of putting in place universal information security practices and controls. Things like a proper risk assessment, security plan, a regime of security tests and evaluations, remedial action plans, and a structure for the continuity of operations have (in one way or another) fallen short of expectations or have simply been absent (Government Accountability Office, 2005)."
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Israel and the Security Fence, 2005.
This in-depth paper analyzes Israel's security policies as well as the ongoing controversial debate regarding the building of the security fence which would separate Israel from the Palestinians.
4,052 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 22 sources, APA, $ 109.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, while focusing on the various events that led to the decision to construct a security wall that would separate the two nations. This paper discusses Israel's implementation of "Operation Defensive Wall", which came about in 2002 in response to a suicide bombing in which 28 Israelis were killed by Palestinian terrorists that infiltrated Israel's borders. This in-depth paper analyzes Israel's history from its birth as a state in 1948 to the present as well as the country's continuous battle to survive amidst hostile Arab neighbors such as Syria. The writer of this paper contends that there are various options to maintaining a lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinians which do not include the security fence. One option would be to offer financial incentives to the Palestinians while another would be for Israel to withdraw to the pre-1967 borders. This paper discusses the pros and cons involved in Israel returning occupied land to the Palestinians in hopes for peace and lasting security.
From the Paper
"Since the end of formal hostilities in 1973, the attacks on Israel from its hostile neighbors have been replaced by shadowy groups that rely more on terror tactics than infantry and tanks. First the PLO, which led to Israel's invasion of Southern Lebenon in 1982 and subsequently Hizbollah, which was formed in 1983, and Hamas in 1988. Both of these groups had, as their stated intention, the murder of every Jew and the destruction of the state of Israel and its allies. It was after twenty years of these terrorist tactics, and the lives of hundreds of innocent Israelis, that Israel began to consider building a fence around its borders. It would be almost another ten years before it finally implemented this tactic. Israel's decision to build a wall separating itself from external threats has become a controversial one. Seen within Israel as the best chance to reduce or eliminate terrorism, and solidify the border between the Jewish state and the Palestinian state, it is viewed by much of the outside world as a symbol of oppression."
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Homeland Security, 2002.
This paper looks at how homeland (domestic) security is now a necessity.
1,050 words (approx. 4.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
An examination of homeland security in the United states from a federal level, identifying a need for strengthened security following the September 11th attacks. The writer discusses decisions planned to strengthen security at the nation?s borders and what is used to establish the need for a new homeland security system. It indicates that the protection plan of the nation?s boundaries as well as its infrastructure, is the focus of the Homeland Security system.
From the Paper
"Before one can understand the new homeland security measures that are being taken one must have a grasp on what homeland security is and how it affects populations. Homeland security is the process by which the nation?s borders are protected. It is a complicated process that involves many agencies working with the federal government. Those agencies can include other federal agencies as well as state and local agencies. The need for stronger homeland security has been debated for the last decade. ?No one in Washington thought a Homeland Security Department was the answer in 1993 when a truck bomb in the World Trade Center's garage killed six people. It was never suggested that U.S. law enforcement needed to be overhauled in 1995 when Timothy McVeigh murdered 168 people in Oklahoma City."
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County of Cook/City of Chicago Homeland Security, 2007.
This paper describes in detail the author's interviews and analysis of homeland security in the County of Cook/City of Chicago.
5,855 words (approx. 23.4 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 140.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that Cook County, Illinois, the second largest county in the US, and its hub, the City of Chicago, have critical and symbolic infrastructures, within its borders such as the Sears Tower, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, the Federal Reserve Bank and the Navy Pier, which are at the heart of the U.S. defense of its homeland security. The author expected well-planned and well-executed preparations; yet it seems that this department is marred in the typical "Chicago political machine" with what appears to be more spin about its weaknesses than exploitation of its strengths. The author of the paper states, for example, with total shock, that, unlike all of the other ten largest counties (by population) in the United States, Cook County does not have a specific division addressing homeland security.
From the Paper
"In an interesting article in CIO Magazine, it continues to elaborate as to the new camera system. Chicago already had about 2,000 un-networked video cameras installed around the city as well as at O'Hare International Airport and Midway Airport. An additional 250 cameras were added at "undisclosed locations deemed 'high-risk terrorist targets,'" according to Ron Huberman, Executive Director of the City of Chicago Office of Emergency Management and Communication. He continued in saying that "linking all the cameras into a single network, tied together with customized off-the-shelf 'smart' software, will bring the system to a whole new level." "
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Immigration Policy, 2007.
An analysis of the United States' immigration policy with regards to border security and illegal immigration.
1,905 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of border security in the United States. Specifically, it discusses whether efforts to restructure U.S. immigration policy should focus primarily on securing the nations borders or if the reformers' priority should be facilitating illegal immigrants' ability to obtain a work permit or attain U.S. citizenship.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, securing the borders is necessary for a number of compelling reasons. It will help keep the nation more secure from terrorists and other threats. It will also help stem the tide of illegal immigrants flowing across the border. These illegal immigrants cost the country billions in health care, education, and criminal justice costs, and stopping the flow will help the country both economically and socially. Americans must support the border fence and stronger measures for border security and the entire border must remain secured in the future. Immigration policy should see some reform, and it should be more friendly to immigrants attempting the enter the country through the preferred legal channels. However, the immigration policy must strongly address security of the nation's borders as well. America's safety and security depends on it."
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Israel?s Security Wall, 2005.
This paper discusses Israel's Security Wall and its effect on Middle East peace.
3,780 words (approx. 15.1 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 104.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Israel's decision to build a security wall is controversial: Israel sees it as its best chance to reduce or eliminate terrorism and to solidify the border between the Jewish state and the Palestinian state; however, it is viewed by much of the outside world as a symbol of oppression against the Palestinians. The author lists alternative policies as (1) military incursions, which have not ended the terror in the past, (2) financial incentives similar to trade relations with Egypt, Jordan and Syria but there is enough money in the world to buy-off the terrorists, (3) withdrawal to the pre-1967 border and abandon the Jewish settlements on the West Bank, which meanings relocating massive numbers of Jewish settlers, and (4) end all military action, remove the fence and attempt to negotiate, which has proven to be very difficult even after the death of Yasser Arafat. The paper concludes that none of the alternatives presented have much chance to succeed; therefore, the building of the wall appears to be the best political choice especially since every nation has a right to protect its borders: The question is will the wall stop terrorism.
Table of Contents
Definition of Problem
Factual Background
Alternative Policies
Policy Evaluation
Policy Prescription
Maps
From the Paper
"The current structure being erected is not the first attempt to protect Israel from attacks by building fences. On May 29, 1938, the British under the leadership of Sir Charles Taggert began building a wall along the Lebanese border that was designed to protect Jewish settlers and British soldiers from attacks by Arab bands. This wall was called the Taggert Wall after the British counter terrorism expert who had gained his experience as a member of the British police force in India. He came to Palestine to coordinate the various security services, and erected a security fence along the northern border to prevent the infiltrations of terrorists. The structure managed to anger both the Jewish and Arab settlers, as it crossed pasture land and private property. After the threat from outlaw bands was over, the wall was dismantled. Later, in 1983, after the Israeli Defense Forces occupation in southern Lebenon was ended, a wall was built on the same border."
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Canadian National Security and Privacy, 2007.
This paper examines Canadian security and privacy issues following the events of 9/11.
2,406 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of issues surrounding borders and customs in Canada following the events of 9/11. The writer explores changes that have taken place and the impact of those changes on the privacy of Canadian citizens. In particular, the writer uses the Canadian Constitution and the Charter of Rights to examine this issue. The author concludes that since the events of 9/11, it has become necessary to re-evaluate national security measures in Canada, while at the same time ensuring that the privacy of Canada's citizens is protected as well.
Outline:
Introductions
Customs and Borders
Charter Issues
When All is Said and Done
From the Paper
"Since the events of 9-11 the two most important areas of concern for Canadian officials have been customs and border issues. Because the terrorist who committed the attacks on the New York City World Towers used commercial airplanes to commit those attacks the Canadian officials along with the rest of the world has moves toward increasing air travel safety and border regulations to insure terrorists do not have access either by land or by air."
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National Security in Canada, 2007.
This paper examines the threat the new national security regime poses to Canadians.
1,321 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
The paper reviews the Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Agency of Canada (PSEPC) and the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) in order to assess if these organizations are infringing upon the privacy of Canadians and whether this infringement is justifiable. The paper discusses the Canadian Constitution and how the new security regime has the potential to undermine certain sections of it, posing risks to privacy rights.
From the Paper
"There can be little doubt that national security has become a major preoccupation of the Canadian government in light of the events of 9/11. According to the Canadian government - and to similar materials contained in our course notes - the national security plan emerging from that traumatic event is explicitly committed to protecting Canadians at home and where they reside abroad; the plan also mandates that the federal government do whatever it can to ensure Canada does not become a base for terrorist threats directed against allies - most notably the United States (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, "Securing an Open Society: Canada's National Security Policy," para.1-5)."
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U.S. Security, 2006.
An analysis of terrorism in the United States.
2,380 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how terrorism continues to actively threaten the United States in the post 9/11 era. The paper argues that Americans have a false sense of security -- expecting that their nation's security is now superior to pre 9/11 days. Yet, the paper maintains that security is as lax as ever, focusing on the failure to adequately prevent potential terrorists from entering the U.S., either legally or illegally. Beginning with a review and critique of U.S. immigration law, the paper then turns to airport screening of travellers on temporary visas. The paper concludes by calling on the American government to identify and "seal the leaks" at its borders. The paper cites articles from experts supporting its 'welcome mat' thesis.
From the Paper
"Perhaps even more shocking (and worrisome) is the fact that for a few U.S. dollars, a potential terrorist can apply to win a "lottery" to gain access to permanent residence in the United States. Known as the "Green Card Lottery," a program designed to grant access to immigrants coming from nations normally not as represented in immigration numbers (largely due to U.S. restrictions). The problem with this of course, is that (as in the words of the State Department's deputy inspector general), "...despite new fraud protections, the diversity visa-lottery program...is a prime opportunity for criminals and enemies of the United States to enter the nation (Dinan, 2004)." Further, according to Anne Patterson, deputy inspector general for the State Department, "...the bottom line is it's a program that can be taken advantage of by hostile intelligence officers or terrorists (2004)." Even more alarming, according to many is the fact that once granted "green card" status, even "temporary" green card status, one is virtually free to travel to and from the United States at will, wherever one wishes to go-thereby broadening the contact abilities of potential terrorists."
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Trans-border Underage Drinking, 2005.
This paper discusses the problem of trans-border underage drinking on the San Diego/Tijuana Border as experienced by the author.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that underage drinking has been a problem in Mexico because there are no laws that are enforced for teenagers that may become dangerously drunk or even killed under the influence of alcohol. The author points out that, when he or she crossed the border to relates, the author saw a limited implementation of the law and no preventive measures in Mexico to limit drinks to minors. The paper suggests that the issue of underage drinking is a cultural, economic and legal problem.
From the Paper
This study presents an experience that I had while crossing the Tijuana Border from San Diego. When traveling across the border into Tijuana there was a great deal of underage drinking that was allowed due to the differing cultural, legal, and economic problems that reside in Tijuana/San Diego trans-border relations. Although I was old enough to drink, I was made aware of the growing problem of underage drinking that was part of a personal experience in trans-border life. When interacting with the Mexicans across the border, I found that cultural, legal and economic factors allowed this activity to be a major problem for the safety of underage youths drinking Mexico. When I was old enough to drink I went with a few buddies across the border into Tijuana."
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