| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "BLACKS SPORT": |
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Blacks and Sport, 2003.
This paper discusses discriminatory problems against blacks in collegiate sport.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews the debate between the NCAA (National Collegiate Athletics' Association) and black leaders over the discriminatory effect of NCAA Proposition 16. The author points out that the basic conflict is between black coaches and civil-rights leaders vs. college presidents and officials of the NCAA . The paper concludes that the problem lies with the structure and relationship between college and professional level athletics.
From the Paper
"The debate over the National Collegiate Athletics' Association's NCAA Proposition raged largely between black coaches and civil-rights leaders versus college presidents and officials of the NCAA. These two groups had faced off before over ..."
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The Sociology of Sport: The Ideals of Sports as a Reflection of Society, 2002.
A paper which looks at what sports represents and what it communicates to society.
2,917 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a central part of society, introduced to children at a young age and often continuing to be part of a person?s life throughout their lifetime. Sports impacts on people in a number of ways. The paper shows that in childhood, the focus of sports is often on participating, working with other people and aspiring to be the best one can be. Successful sports people also become heroes for children, something that continues into adulthood. The paper shows that as individuals grow older their focus may change from playing sports to watching sports. At the same time, sports people continue to be respected and viewed as heroes, the fact that successful sports people get paid millions in sponsorship money is evidence that they must have a major impact on consumers. Overall, this paper looks at what sports represents and the values it communicates to people.
From the Paper
"Sport is also closely related to a person?s life in society in a general way. In sport, people compete against each other to win. In a person?s working life the same thing occurs. A person works against others in the workplace to earn individual rewards and promotions. A person also works as part of the company team, to grow the company. The same occurs in schools where students works in competition with each other to receive awards. Students then work to get into college, with the best students winning the college place. This illustrates one of the main aspects central to sports, the competition factor inherent to sport. This also shows how this competition factor inherent in sports is also one inherent in life. This is another major reason why sport reflects society."
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Sports Science and Sports Medicine, 2004.
An overview of sports/exercise science and medicine, two fields that have only recently begun consolidating into distinct professions.
2,272 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 70.95
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Abstract
Sports has become a multi-billion-dollar business, and the ever-increasing competitiveness and challenges, both mental and physical, faced by the modern sportsperson has increased the need for a medical and scientific support system for athletes. This paper discusses two fields that have developed from this need: sports science and sports medicine. The paper shows that they are interrelated, the former being more of an investigative and experimental area, while the latter deals with the implementation of the knowledge and techniques developed by sports science.
From the Paper
"High quality sports performance depends largely on an individual?s movement pattern and is usually referred to as technique. Good technique not only produces an effective performance but also reduces the risk of injury. The effect of physical forces on the movement and on the size, shape and structure of the body is scientifically studied by biomechanists today in an attempt to help optimize athletic technique. (Stein, 2003) Through qualitative analysis via direct observation on film or video tape, a biomechanist will study an athlete?s performance with a view to diagnosing any problems which might be limiting sporting potential. In close consultation with the athlete?s coach, training patterns may be altered to incorporate elements which may help to rectify the problem."
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Sport Commissions and Amateur Sports.
An exploration of how the sports industry is a land of opportunity for sports commissions and the local communities that are trying to generate economic impact from sports.
3,688 words (approx. 14.8 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 102.95
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Abstract
This paper explores different avenues for small-scale sports tourism in the direction of amateur sports tournaments and how establishing a sport commission can help. It focuses on recreational sport tournaments for adults and youth by examining a case study dealing with the organization of a sports commission and the economic impact it that has resulted on the community. The reason for discussing sports tournaments is because they are fairly low-investment opportunities that small communities can explore, with large returns for the resources that are already present.
Outline
Introduction
Review of Literature
Case Study
Discussion and Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Green and Chalip (1998) help explain who is participating by exploring the motivations of the active sport tourist traveling to participate in their chosen sport by examining a women?s flag football tournament. The authors explain the increasing growth in active lifestyles and how it is not only the younger population, who are participating, but also the older segment is starting to stay more active. This trend is leading to more vacations that are based on or around sport. The paper presents the ideas that the active sport tourist does not only travel for the competition, but also to be able to identify with the subculture of their sport. As in the case of the women football players, they enjoy being able to socialize with people who share their same interests during social events sponsored by the tournament organizers. They travel as teams, and along with these teams comes family and friends, which in turn bring along more economic impact for the community hosting the event."
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African-Americans and Sports, 2002.
An examination of African-American obsession and modern superiority regarding sports.
1,621 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how sports are significant in many ways to any individual of the society. Sports have often been considered as a missionary tool of liberation, as anti-hegemonic. It focuses on the obsession of black Americans with sports and how media, poverty and a search for identity lure blacks into it. It also analyzes the reasons and their consequences for sports fixation. It highlights the study made by Jonathan Kozol on the inequalities faced by blacks from the very basic level of their lives and the opinions about black American sports fixation by John Hoberman.
From the Paper
"The scenario of Blacks occupying every sport more than the Whites is sometimes seen as a contemporary issue. Much commentary has been fabricated on the topic, whether sports are bad for Blacks. In February 1997 German scholar John Hoberman published Darwin?s Athletes: How Sports has damaged Black America And Preserved the Myth of Race. In his story Hoberman made an analogy that sports is a form of slavery and unsubtle political and economic persecution. This analogy is used to describe the unseen side of sports i.e. how audience is attracted into it as false production and how white male autonomy controls black players both physically and mentally and their passage to the market worth their talent. The other countenance of the Black America damaged by Sports is that Black Americans are considered as laborers or as inferior beings. Hoberman claims that black over investment in sports is both the cause and result of black anti-intellectualism, itself the result of virulent white racism, meant to confine blacks to certain occupations (Gerald Early, Performance And Reality Race, Sports and the Modern World)."
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Different Eras in Sports, 2001.
A comparative essay between ancient sport and modern sport. A look at their differences and similarities.
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, $ 52.95
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Abstract
A paper about sports history, a comparison between ancient sports and modern sports of today. The author looks at aspects such as the sports played, how they were played, their technological differences and how their symbolic and societal meanings differ.
From the Paper
"Sports in the ancient world had their similarities to modern sports, but there are a few differences as well. In modern sports, there is more attention to detail when preparing fields for play, but nonetheless there are numerous amounts of workers who prepare the fields that athletes play on. In modern sports, nearly every sport has their schedules devised much before the season even begins. Although not all sports had officials at that time, there were people who kept order. In ancient sports, there were no records that were kept of ongoing statistics. Without role players, teams could not play to their optimum levels at all times."
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Sports Stadiums and Arena Finance, 2002.
A comprehensive analysis of the social and economic impact of sports facilities and sports teams on cities and states.
12,083 words (approx. 48.3 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 233.95
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Abstract
This research paper provides an overview and background of the issues, followed by a discussion of specific stadiums throughout the nation. An assessment of the legal issues involved in financing a major sports arena is followed by a summary of the research and an analysis of the future of sports arena financing in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Review and Discussion
III.Review and Discussion of Recent Examples
V. Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper
"We may not have the Circus Maximus, but Americans come close. Not only do sports enjoy a special status in the hearts of Americans, it turns out that sports franchises do too. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. While major sports franchises across the country are reaping the benefits of taxpayer-financed arenas in which to compete, the debate continues about the appropriateness of providing such enormous amounts of resources for the reasons provided by the promoters."
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Missing Pieces; Where are the Women in Sports?, 1999.
A paper on the effect of gender on sport participation, sport television programming and commentary.
2,954 words (approx. 11.8 pages), 18 sources, $ 87.95
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Abstract
As the title implies, this paper evaluates both the history of womens' involvement in sports and the recent developments. The author blames the media for the present imbalance citing many specific examples and causes. She examines sports on the High School level as well as the professional.
From the Paper
"I have decided to look into the issue of media coverage and the imaging of female athletes because it is an area of popular culture that I am not only interested in, but have become intensely aware of as a spectator of sports programming. I have also watched and noticed over the years that sports coverage of women is another means by which the media sexualizes women. Mass media, which has long been transmitting negative stereotypes of women, portrays female athletes with these same stereotypes on place."
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Society and Women's Sport, 2005.
A review of how society views gender and how this has affected sports and the sporting arena.
2,475 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 10 sources, $ 97.95
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Abstract
It is only recently that women have been permitted to participate in almost any sport, both in an amateur and in a professional capacity. This is largely due to the fact that our society generally views the ideal of female and male, as polar opposites. This view is the main factor influencing this issue, but not the only one.
From the Paper
"Sport is shaped by our society, and our society is largely based on an ideal of female and male as polar opposites. This rigid notion of gender has shaped the way sport is practiced in our society. This is one reason why it was only recently that women were allowed to participate in most sports, both on an amateur and a professional level. It is now often thought that women have broken through the barriers and claimed sports as a realm in which they have an equal right to participate. However, the battle is not over."
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Society and Competition in Sports, 2002.
A report examining the link with a focus on competition in sport and what effect overemphasizing competition in sport can have on society.
2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
The following paper begins by describing the link between sport and society. It then moves on to discuss competition as essential to sport. This is followed by a discussion of the link between society and competition. Perspectives on overemphasizing sport will then be given as well as a discussion on the value of sport to society. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the problems that result when competition in sport is overemphasized.
From the Paper
?Sport can be identified as an important part of society, often reflecting the values of society. Christopher Bates Doob in Sociology: An Introduction notes how sports stars are idolized, being seen as the ultimate models of success, with Michael Jordan, Shaquille O?Neal and Charles Barkley being given as examples, with it being noted that these sports stars are famous, wealthy and widely marketed. The impact of sports on people is largely related to identity and to the process of people identifying with sports people. In the Olympics, country competes against country, with spectators of a country cheering for their own and reacting as if they have won when the athlete wins. The reality is that the spectator has no relationship with the athlete except that they share a common culture. Logically, this seems absurd that the spectator would register a win because the athlete wins. This shows the way that people associate with the sports person and the way their actions impact directly on the spectator. It also shows just how much sport means to an individual. The same can be applied to town against town sports, or university against university sports. In all cases, the spectator identifies with a certain side and this gives the sport meaning to them.?
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Organized Crime in Sports, 2003.
Discusses illegal sports gambling in professional sports, horse racing, and college sports.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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Abstract
Examines athletes as problem gamblers. Provides a history of gambling. Discusses mob-connected, organized control of sports betting and the growing link between organized crime and college athletics.
From the Paper
""If there's competition involved, you can bet that you can bet on it" is a quote from Henry J. Hyde (R, Ill). Hyde is chairman of the United States House of Representatives and Chairman of the committee ..."
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Sports Fans, 2002.
Discusses the impact sports has on its fans and the impact fans have on sport.
2,370 words (approx. 9.5 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 72.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the psychological make up of a sports fan and shows that it is much more complicated than its first glance suggests. The payback for being a sports fan includes the feeling of belonging, a better sense of well being, the ability to identify with the success of someone else and the ability to escape stresses in real life. The paper shows that sports fans around the world behave as consumers in both positive and negative ways which lead marketing departments scrambling to put their finger on keeping it profitable. Sports fans of all kinds identify and lock into their sport or team. Through their own actions they continue to drive profits up while relishing the togetherness being a fan affords them. The paper shows that for sports marketing departments to increase profits, it is important that they focus on making the group experience a positive one for fans.
From the Paper
"Tailgate parties, thematic approaches to office parties and the selling out of merchandise are all examples of the psychological stronghold that being a sports fan holds for the person who becomes one.
Sports fan behavior has been studied since the 1970s (Nelson pg 18).
The social identity theory has long since been attached to sport fan behavior to explain how self esteem and evaluation can be elevated by identifying with the success of someone else. This is because many fans will discuss the athletic wins in the first person including statements such as ?We played well? but when it came to losses the fan moves back to third person with statements such as ?They lost last week? (Nelson pg 18) This behavior provides an understanding of what draws sports fans to become fans. They feel success through the success of the athletes and can push losses off on the team because they are not on the team themselves."
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Women in Traditionally Male-Oriented Sports: A Possibility, 2005.
A research paper that explores the possibility of women participating in male-oriented sports.
1,937 words (approx. 7.7 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 61.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to determine whether or not women participating in traditionally male-oriented sports are likely to experience the same respect from both the media and the general public as women participating in other events. Specifically this study examines whether women have the potential to be treated equally when participating in male-oriented sports and whether they are as likely to succeed in men in the same venues. The researcher determines the extent to which women are portrayed as athletes in the news media. The paper explores the following questions: (1) Do women have the same opportunities as men in traditionally male-oriented sports, (2) Are women perceived in the same manner as men when participating in these sports and (3) Do these portrayals influence women's participation in sports. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to discuss these ideas further.
Paper Outline:
Purpose
Research
History of Women in Sports
Women in Sports Today
Status of Women in Male Dominated Sports
Discussion
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Wiley, Shaw & Havitz (1999) suggest that women are more likely than men to emphasize pleasure and enjoyment with regard to sports, whereas men are more likely to focus on the competitive aspects of a sport. However women also face higher levels of constraints, thus are only willing to participate when they remain highly motivated. Self expression is also discussed as an important aspect of sports participation, and the authors suggest that women participating in male dominated sports might have an increased sense of self and need to express themselves in an outward and competitive manner than other people (Wiley, Shaw & Havitz, 1999). This pattern was found in men and women alike."
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Sport Confidence and Perceived Ability, 2004.
This paper examines many theories to determine the relationship of sport confidence and perceived ability to improved sport performance.
2,965 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 87.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, whether considered a negative or positive value, sport confidence and perceived ability do lead to improved performance. The author points out that observational learning, which contributes to acquiring the sport skills needed, as well as to developing sport confidence and to determining an athlete?s perceived ability, according to Bandura, includes attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. The paper relates that one aspect virtually all the researchers seemed to have accepted a priori was that the sport experience is correlated with skill, but that, from a scientific standpoint, skill defined as ?individual ability and performance" affects self-confidence and self-efficacy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Sport Confidence and Perceived Ability
Similarities
Differences
Relationships with Other Theories
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Further, two of three principles involved in social learning apply particularly well to the sport model. First, individuals will be more likely to adopt a behavior being modeled if they value the results adopting that behavior will produce. Second, they are more likely to adopt the behavior if the model is either similar to or admired by the individual and the behavior has functional value to the individual. This model seems to be more inclusive, and thus more universally applicable, than many other models."
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Critique of "The Black Culture Industry", 2007.
This paper argues against Ellis Cahmore's thesis as presented in his book "The Black Culture Industry."
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper examines and critiques the arguments put forth by sociologist Ellis Cashmore in his book "The Black Culture Industry." Cashmore's argument, that blacks have succeeded in the areas of sports and entertainment because it benefits whites, is analyzed. The author of the paper points out areas in which blacks have succeeded and further argues that success is based more on an individual's decision to exercise his free will.
From the Paper
" Cashmore, with his above statement, seems to also have a positive goal of doing more to help blacks succeed in other areas besides just sports and entertainment. Cashmore implies that even though blacks are successful in sports (or in entertainment) they still do not have the opportunities available to them that a white person does. By making such a statement, Cashmore is also making the assertion that certain elements of 'white' society are active proponents of the continued constraints against black society, by believing that because blacks have the opportunity in such areas as sports (and entertainment), that is enough and that nothing else needs to be done to afford blacks more equality."
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