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Organizational and Institutional Racism, 2002.
A brief history of racism, its types and a comparison of institutional and organizational racism in the U.K. and the U.S.
1,726 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains how institutional and organizational racism is a problem not only in the US, but in the UK as well. The denial of equal opportunity in education, jobs, and housing in the UK is considered, as well as addressed, with a comparison to the situation in the United States. Clear implications and solutions are set forth, explaining the need for eradication of institutional and organizational racism.
From the Paper
"Racism, by definition, is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities, and that racial differences produce and inherent superiority of a particular race. When applied to society and specifically to institutions, racism is discriminatory attitudes and beliefs that permeate our society and its institutions. These attitudes and modes of thinking can have a serious impact on treatment of minorities, especially in areas of justice. As a result, these minorities suffer disadvantages ranging from criminal profiling to being rejected for jobs."
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Whiteness, Institutional Racism and White Privilege, 2005.
A discussion into institutional racism in Canada, compared to the U.S./U.K, that maintains white privilege
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the dynamics of systemic or institutional racism that maintain white privilege. The paper presents a critical view of US/UK bedrock of theory, when discussing Canadian phenomenon. The paper presents fieldwork which reveals that most homeless persons in a Toronto facility were 'white' and when speaking with a white mentally ill vagrant man, it was realized that his 'privilege' did not mean any institution was responsible for him.
From the Paper
"'Whiteness', Institutional Racism, and 'White Privilege'. Course materials indicating institutional racism pertain most often to British or American examples, and employing a jargon of 'privilege' that is interesting to examine in relation to contemporary Canada. One is to assume that the situations of these quite strongly racist societies are pertinent to Canada, in which racism certainly exists, but in a condition not to be compared with what is encountered in the others. Should we be examining institutional racism and white privilege in Australia, for instance, or other communal distinctions in India, or in Israel? An interesting approach is taken in John Hartigan's discussion of the American case, in reference to 'rednecks', 'hillbillies' and 'white trash', as marked racial subjects. (2003: 95-111) "
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Institutional Racism, 2002.
Argues that institutional racism is still alive in U.S. law enforcement.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
Although slavery ended, the problems in institutional racism have not stopped specifically in law enforcement. More black men face the death penalty than whites. More blacks are arrested every day. This certainly points toward racism in the law enforcement. Often minority police officers believe that many from their race are being treated unfairly and most policemen are white.
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Organizational and Institutional Racism, 2002.
A discussion of institutional and organizational racism in the U.K. in terms of discrimination in the workplace, in education and a lack of equal opportunity.
1,676 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 54.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the history of racism in the U.K. over the years from the early 1950s when it was referred to as a ?color problem? to modern day. It evaluates the different forms of racism experienced by ethnic minorities such as in the workplace and in education and the ramifications involved because of this discrimination. It examines the U.K. laws imposed to fight this racism and makes a comparison between racism in the U.K. and the U.S. as well as reflections and general solutions to the problem.
From the Paper
"Racism was decidedly a problem not of the industrialists, but one of the state. ?It was state racism that provided for racist policing, for discriminatory practices in employment and education, for media calumny and the creation of popular racism which, in turn, reinforced prejudiced attitudes.? (Bourne 2001) With regard to racism and the need to make changes, the furthest officials would go to implement such a change is, to claim people needed to adopt multi-culturalism; they adopted this middle-of-road philosophy position so as to not offend anyone. This position however, did not address the problem of the new class of citizen that was both black and born and raised in the United Kingdom."
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Institutional Racism in U.S., 1994.
This paper discusses institutional racism in the U.S.: Discrimination in schools, media and government and possible solutions (changing curricula, news coverage, reapportionment).
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"An issue close to being most important in American life is how to make the social and cultural diversity of American society work. Diversity must become a strength upon which the nation's future can depend, rather then a reason for reviving ancient animosities or inventing new ones.
From the new statistics recently revised and published by the U.S. Census Bureau, it is clear that racial diversity will continue to be a major issue in society. For example, Bureau projections by age, race, and sex, based on the 1990 census show faster population growth and an increase in racial diversity that goes beyond previous estimates. Whereas the Bureau previously predicted three racial groups for the twenty-first century, it is now projecting four racial groups (white, black, Asian, and American Indian), with Hispanics increasing their ... "
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Prisons as Social Institutions, 2002.
Studies prisons and the objectives of prisons and then argues that imprisonment does not meet those objectives.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
Prison is an institution that society creates to confine people convicted of breaking the law. It is designed to be an institution that deters people from committing crimes, punishes and rehabilitates criminals, and protects the public by keeping dangerous offenders off the streets. It is important to study this social organization to gauge whether the manner in which society deals with criminality via prison is effective. In light of the evidence, it appears that the objectives of imprisonment do not match their desired effects. Prison has an economic basis and punishes crimes that are often committed by the poor. In many respects, the real criminality is committed by society, which criminalizes the poor by not allowing them the opportunity toward self-empowerment. Moreover, prison subtly supports established institutions, because by focusing on individual wrongs, it takes away attention from the inequity in social institutions.
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State Prisons Vs. Private Prisons, 2005.
This paper compares and contrasts the state prison and the private prison systems.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This paper is a brief comparison/contrast of state versus private prisons. As should become apparent, there are many problems afflicting the state prison system in the United States of America. That being said, the writer notes there are no guarantees that a private system will be the panacea some have felt it could and can be. In any event, the writer concludes that a conflation of the two might the best answer for America's woes.
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Institutional Repository, 2008.
This paper discusses aspects related to the institutional repository and discusses its benefits to institutional environments.
2,400 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that over the last several years, institutional repositories have increased in number substantially. The writer firstly explains the term institutional repository (IR) and notes that 2005 study found that nearly 40 percent of institutions deployed some form of IR. Of the universities and colleges not housing an IR, nearly 90 percent reported they planned to implement one within a year. The writer maintains that based on those numbers, it is clear that IRs are useful tools in institutional organizations. This paper focuses on institutional repositories and discusses the history, purpose, programs, and future of IRs. Further, the writer discusses how IRs are beneficial to institutional environments. This paper includes color charts and diagrams.
From the Paper
"First, it is important to understand what is meant by "institutional depository". An IR is a set of services designed to manage and disseminate digital materials to members of a community. The purpose of such a repository is to preserve, organize, provide access to, and distribute such information to the community. While the responsibility for such information is spread throughout different individuals, the goal is to create a collaboration of resources of librarians, IT specialists, archive managers, faculty, and university staff. The information contained in the repository is supported through information technology, and the management of technological changes, as well as the movement of digital content from one form of media to another as new technology is developed."
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Institutional Discrimination of Homosexuals in Canada, 2006.
This paper defines institutional discrimination and explains how it applies to homosexuals in Canada by denying them access to some governmental institutions.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 0 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Canadian homosexuals face institutional discrimination. This prejudice upholds stereotypes of gays as well as impacts their ability to have equal rights in a free society. Institutional discrimination as a term is defined and applied to the current situation faced by homosexuals in Canada. The author contends that although overt discrimination against homosexuals is disappearing, institutional discrimination maintains the status quo.
From the Paper
"Overt discrimination against homosexuals seems to be disappearing. However, homosexual people in Canada still don't have the same access to institutions that other Canadians do. This would seem to indicate that homosexual Canadians are facing a high degree of institutional discrimination. Institutional discrimination is defined as the policies and or behaviours of an institution that negatively impact subordinate and or minority groups in a society (Pincus 1996: 186). Institutional discrimination of homosexuals is basically used to maintain the dominant status of heterosexuals in Canadian society by excluding homosexuals from these institutions. In order to become full and equal members of Canadian society homosexuals need to be able to be a part of any institution they wish."
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Conjugal Prison Visits, 2005.
This paper investigates the value and costs of conjugal prison visits if they were to be instituted in a state.
1,075 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 2 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that proponents argue that providing prisoners with normal family relations including conjugal rights will (1) somewhat counteract the pain of imprisonment, (2) ease frustration among prisoners, (3) strengthen family ties and (4) encourage normal sexual patterns for married inmates. The author points out that opposition to conjugal visits argue that (1) only a minority of prisoners are married, (2) the state prisons don't have facilities to use for such a program, (3) this privilege would create jealousy among those prisoners unable or not allowed to participate and (4) spouses might be embarrassed by the openly sexual nature of the program. The paper concludes that creating a conjugal visitation program is not appropriate for this state's prison population because implementing this program would be costly and the research does not demonstrate solid benefits either in a more sexually normalized prison population or by showing that the prisoners would return to a stable family, which might reduce recidivism.
From the Paper
"The state with the longest history of allowing conjugal visits for prisoners exists in the state of Mississippi. Gray-Ray (2000) looked at Mississippi's history of allowing conjugal visits for selected prisoners and found that its roots are based upon tradition rather than science, as it appears that Mississippi has allowed conjugal rights for selected Mississippi prisoners for more than a century. Perhaps because of this history, Mississippi went to the expense of actually building apartments for prisoner use during family visits. While an expensive approach, the apartments provide a way for inmates to have normalized interactions with all family members including any children rather than with the spouse alone."
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Racism in U.S., 1999.
Overview of institutional racism. It looks at the impact of slavery, questions the role of stereotypes, and provides examples (L.A. riots, immigrants) Analyzes the media images (news, sitcoms) and their involvement.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 11 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
" The dream of a colorblind society is one that has fascinated many Americans for some time. The recent battle over affirmative action has brought the issue to the fore once more. Proponents of affirmative action point out that America is not a colorblind society and is not likely to be and that reparations for past injustice and current disparities have to be made. Opponents of affirmative action sometimes state that a colorblind society is possible but that to achieve it we have to create colorblind laws and programs, as if a colorblind society can be created by fiat. The United States has never been a colorblind society, and it is not likely that it ever will be so long as there are racial divisions among human beings. Some futurists have proposed that centuries from now there may no longer be separate races, but short of such a shift, the United States will continue to have to.."
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Institutional Development and Justice, 2008.
This paper explores the ideas of philosophers on how institutional development can achieve a measure of justice within the community.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 14 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the work and beliefs of John Rawls, Alasdair MacIntyre and John Locke. The paper shows how all the schools of thought place high importance on the concept of institutional design, but they differ on how principles of morality and justice should be applied. The paper also discusses how both ideal and non ideal assumptions come to impact on this concept and therefore concludes that the use of such assumptions is necessary to offer a viable account of institutional design.
From the Paper
"Institutions form an essential part of the administration of political power. As such, although the traditional study of history focused on great and powerful individuals, it nonetheless did so on the basis of assessing the institutional makeup through which they utilised and exercised their power base (Heywood, 1999). Therefore, even before the onset of the twentieth century the design of institutions was an important area of academic endeavour. However, the onset of social history or as E.P.Thompson termed it "history from below", brought about enormous changes in the way social science conceptualised institutional frameworks and designs (Thompson, 1968). It was clear that institutional design was hugely responsible for a variety of different issues and developments. Thus, since the early twentieth century social scientists have attempted to utilise institutional development in order to explain these issues (Heywood, 1999)."
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The Institutional Model of International Order, 2004.
A discussion of the Institutional Model of International Order using the Congress of Vienna as an example.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
This essay discusses the institutional model of international order and contains a review of its development from the Congress of Vienna until the post-Cold War period. This essay compares the behaviour of great powers in post-Napoleonic Wars and in post-Cold War and subsequently, compares their attitude toward the institutional approaches in sustaining the international order. The post-Cold War period is selected because of its special features: the existence of the United States as the sole great power and the concern about the U.S. unilateralism due to its feasible effects on the future of the international order.
From the Paper
"The establishment of institutions the and the effort to sustain the international order and the prominent role of great powers in formulating such an effort were two of the most important achievements of the Congress of Vienna. As Ikenberry has observed; in the Congress of Vienna the great powers ?made increasingly elaborate efforts to institutionalize the post-war security relations? between them and such efforts were implemented in a combination of balance of powers strategies and the establishment of commitments by creating various types of binding institutions. Ikenberry argues that the aftermath of major wars presents the winning states with three main choices: to dominate the weaker and defeated states, to abandon the other states and simply go home, and to use their commanding power position to gain acquiescence and participation in a mutually acceptable post-war order. The third choice was preferred by Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria as the most responsible countries for the defeat of Napoleon, and they decided to sit together at the Congress of Vienna to establish not only a peace settlement but also a new international order in Europe. From Ikenberry?s viewpoint, the motivation behind such a decision was the intention ?to establish a set of rules and arrangements that are durable and legitimate, but rules and arrangements that also serve the long-term interests of the leading state.?"
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Institutional Revolutionary Party of Mexico, 1991.
This paper analyzes the development of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, a Mexican political party and its shaky future in face of growing opposition power.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"This study will explore the question: Will the PRI (Institutional Revolutionary Party) in Mexico continue to lose power? The question involves consideration of the outcome of the political turmoil in that country. In other words, will the current and future policies and practices of the PRI lead to increased democracy, decreased democracy, or even revolution from the left or from the right? The study will argue that the PRI will indeed continue to lose power, that political (as well as social and economic) turmoil will continue and intensify, that revolution from the left or right is possible, if unlikely, and, finally, that the ultimate result of the fall of the PRI will be increased democracy, despite that surge in political turmoil.
The background of this issue is rooted in the Revolution of 1910 in Mexico and the founding of the PRI in 1929. As Perl
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Institutional Strategic Planning, 2007.
This paper explores the role of strategic planning in academic institutions.
3,233 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the importance of mission, vision, values, goals and objectives in strategic planning for academic institutions. The paper explains characteristics of quality mission statements and external and internal trends which may cause a change in the mission. The paper explores quality vision statements and the manner in which vision statements guide the strategic plan. The paper examines a set of academic institutions and concludes that a proper strategic plan designed in accordance with the institution's resources and needs is the best approach toward achieving long-term success and optimizing the activity of the institution.
Outline:
Introduction
Mission
Vision
Values
Goals
Objectives- Means of Achieving Goals
The Importance of All the Components of a Strategic Plan
Examining a Set of Academic Institutions
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Each organization must devise its plans according to the specifics of its activity. There is not only one correct manner of approaching this matter. It is certain that institutions differ each from the other (even if they conduct their activities in the same branch, higher education) and, in accordance with this, their strategies will also vary."
"The mission of an academic institution is to provide the best educational support for the students who are seeking to develop their professional skills. Due to the fact that a higher education institute is frequented only by the persons interested in further studies (not compulsory), it must offer quality and timeliness information, adapted to the current state of affairs in the domain."
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