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Black Women in the Florida Legislature, 2005.
A short history of black women legislators in Florida - Gwendolyn Cherry, Carrie Meek and Arthenia Joyner.
914 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 32.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the political lives of three of Florida's legislators-Gwendolyn Cherry, Carrie Meek and Arthenia Joyner-all bBlack women who have surpassed tremendous odds and difficulties in order to take their place in the history of the United States.
From the Paper
"Until recently, Florida was one state that was considered one of the relatively "conservative" states of the South. As Wendy Loquasto stated in her speech delivered at the Ceremonial Legislative Session Honoring the First 150 Florida Women Lawyers, "...because the greatest tribute we could pay to these women is recognition that Florida was a very different place when they came on the legal scene and that Florida is a better place today because of their actions...(Loquasto, 2000)." Thus, when the first African-American woman, Gwen Sawyer Cherry was elected to the Florida Legislature in 1970, many considered (and rightly so) the event to be of immense historical as well as symbolic importance in that an era of clear cut racial division had finally ended."
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Blacks in Florida, 2004.
Examines the alternative views of two authors, Jane Landers and Robert L. Hall, on the history of African-Americans in Florida, compared to the views of Samory Rashid, who viewed them through their repressive past.
1,470 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 48.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the history and influence of African-Americans on Spanish Colonial Florida as presented by Jane Landers in her article, "Traditions of African-American Freedom and Community in Spanish Colonial Florida," and Robert Hall's "African Religious Retentions in Florida". Both writers present the African-Americans as people in their own right who flourished against the odds. In contrast, the paper shows that Samory Rashid?s thesis in his article, ?Islamic Origins of Spanish Florida's Fort Musa," suggests that the African-Americans' influence began in their past when they lived in the West African and Islamic North regions, and to actually understand the heritage and influence the African-Americans have had, we must study the culture evident in these areas. The fact remains that he viewed the African-Americans through a repressive slave past, decreasing the effectiveness of his thesis. This paper argues that the influence of Africans on the New World should not be viewed through their slave past; rather, the influence should be studied from the origins of the African peoples and how they flourished despite the restrictions placed within their social circles. Only then can the African influence on the New World be viewed as having more than ?survived? in face of slavery and be seen as a glorious fight to exist.
From the Paper
"While Landers and Hall present their research through the usual concept of immigration, they provide a new and refreshing slant to the theories by showing the success of the Afro Americans rather than the failure. Rashid [2001] goes deeper, claiming that Africans had a stronghold in the region through the Islamic religion which is why the influence remains stronger in the Spanish colonial region than elsewhere in the New World and yet., he remains bound to past slave theories that did not allow the Afro-Americans any identity of their own."
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'Shades of Black - Conrad Black, his Rise and Fall', 2006.
A discussion and review of Richard Siklos's well written biography of Conrad Black's career, "Shades of Black - Conrad Black, his Rise and Fall".
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 1 source, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper reviews "Shades of Black: Conrad Black - His Rise and Fall", Richard Siklos's well written biography of Conrad Black's career and dramatic collapse after 2002. The paper explains that Siklos interviewed more than 200 persons before a 1995 edition of which this volume is a revised expansion featuring another 50 interviews. Siklos also spent hours speaking to Black, indirectly attempting to account for his extravagance and need to impress others, atop his drive for power. Much is revealed through Siklos's notes on Black's wife, the former Barbara Amiel. The paper reports that Siklos leads the reader through a summary of Black's family background, his youth in north Toronto's Bride Path area, his expulsion from Upper Canada College, and later, Trinity College School, before Thornton Hall, Toronto.
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James Cone: Black Theology and the Black Christ, 2006.
An analysis of the term theology and the essential concepts of "Black Theology" as it pertains to James Cone's idea of a "Black Christ".
4,374 words (approx. 17.5 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how James Cone believes that if blacks, particularly African-Americans, don't wake up and change the traditional American image of Jesus, they will probably never grasp the true philosophy and mission of Jesus. It discusses how African-Americans must see Jesus as a black man that endured the struggle and how it is the duty of black preachers, pastors and theologians to advocate black theology, which includes the black image of Jesus, for the sake and survival of the African-American experience.
From the Paper
"When one begins to think about God, questions arise as one lacks significant knowledge of God. When one begins to engage in such a dialogue, or entertains such questions, one has clearly entered the community of theology. The articles states: "The attempt to think about God leads immediately to a host of related question which are included under the term theology. First, there is the question of mans relationship to God, the ultimate source of things? Then we must ask about revelation to God, that is, how does man know what God is like? If God must reveal himself where and how is he revealed?" These are prospective questions that man can't escape when thinking about God or in dialogue about God. "
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Nonvoting in the California Legislature, 2004.
Describes an investigation initiated by the Foundation for taxpayer and Consumer Rights concerning public interest bill that don't get through the state legislator.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper describes a problem investigated by the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights on nonvoting in the California legislature and the lack of transparency of the legislative process. The paper discusses the impact on public interest bills that nonvoting has and the reasons for the lack of transparency.
From the Paper
"The problem examined is this study is clearly defined in the beginning of the report in the executive summary. The investigation was ordered because the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights was concerned that many public interest bills were not getting through the state legislator because of substantial nonvoting by members. They were also concerned about the lack of transparency of the legislative process and its accountability because the public does not have complete access to legislator voting records in general or to Senator nonvoting records, meaning the public."
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Californian Legislature, 1995.
Describes structure, history (1965-94), reapportionment, scandals, lobbying, budget crisis and term limits.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"California is largely governed according to the principles of representative democracy through its legislature, and this assumes a legislature that is influential, representative, and independent. The California legislature has been criticized for the same things as other legislatures have, including gridlock, waste of time, waste of money, failure to heed the will of the people, and failure to offer needed leadership. The fact that these criticisms have been raised does not mean they are true or that they are descriptive of the behavior and achievements of the legislature as a whole. Americans seem constantly unhappy with their leadership and their representatives even in good times, and in bad times--especially bad economic times such as the nation and California in particular have been facing--it is easy to blame those seen as in control. At the same time, such ..."
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HB 935/SB 313 Legislature Process, 2005.
Examines the legislative process of House Bill 935 which spells out the role of nurses in the American healthcare system.
935 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
Historically, physicians have told nurses what to do and what not to do. Currently, legislators have that power. This paper discusses the lengthy legislative process and the dynamics of it. House Bill 935 was originally introduced in 1991 as Article 1 Chapter 21 in the Georgia Senate as Code Section 16-13-21. Representative Sue Burmeister is now sponsoring HB 935 to give new wording and annotation to the bill. The paper shows that the new legislation would allow advanced practice registered nurses to execute a verbal, written or electronic order for a drug, device, medical treatment or diagnostic study. Currently, nurse practitioners can phone in prescriptions in consultation with a physician.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
HB 935 At A Glance
Physicians Versus NP
In Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"Most U.S. Citizens believe that physicians have always had the main authority to prescribe medications. However, when researching the background of prescribing drugs it is evident this is not true. Physicians carry a sense of ownership pertaining to prescriptive authority. History is evidence that authority to prescribe has not always solely been the responsibility physician. The market physicians have today on prescribing medications came about without little or no resistance even though others are fully capable of this practice.(Ryser, 1999)."
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Black Entrepreneurship, 2007.
This paper discusses the books 'Black Wealth Through Black Entrepreneurship' by Robert Wallace and 'Black Entrepreneurship in America' by Shelly Green and Paul Pryde.
1,159 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this essay, the writer examines two books addressing the topic of black entrepreneurship, Robert Wallace's 'Black Wealth Through Black Entrepreneurship' and Shelly Green and Paul Pryde's 'Black Entrepreneurship in America'. The writer notes that both volumes examine the relative lack of wealth in the black community, despite the removal of legal restrictions on black participation in the business area, such as limitations on ownership, hiring and promotion discrimination, and discrimination in lending and capital provision to minority entrepreneurs. The writer discusses that each book analyzes the specific influences on the black community, and possibly the culture, which contribute to this lack of entrepreneurship and capital ownership.
From the Paper
"Green and Pryde's book more directly addresses the issue, specifically examining social criteria necessary for a business class to be created and the lack of these phenomena in the black community. The need for resources is a major factor in the creation of a business class and in the encouragement of entrepreneurship among a community, and although the black communities tend to have fewer financial resources than their white counterparts, Green and Pryde note that they are far from impoverished as a class. They note that new economic activity tends to spring up where resources, especially money, are available to support it, but in spite of this, the black community has not seen such a spurt of new business ventures. The black community, say Green and Pryde, is not nearly as poor as its cultural mythology and popular culture would have it believe."
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Black Women and Feminism, 2006.
This paper reviews and discusses the historic oppression of black women as well as the existing gap between white and black women as detailed in Bell Hooks' "Ain't I A Woman? Black Women and Feminism."
1,320 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explores author Bell Hooks' theoretical perspective on blacks and feminism. Hooks claims that the major cause of oppression to black women came from many sources including white women interested in their own personal gain at the expense of black women and the black men interested in keeping them as second class citizens. This paper discusses the exploitation of women during the slave trade as one of the pioneering ways in the continuing devaluation of black women. The writer contends that Hooks' novel contains relevant research and subsequent evidence that clearly details why a gap still exists between black and white women. The writer of this paper stresses Hooks' desire for all women to bond together and for the struggle for equality to end.
From the Paper
"In her research of the exploitation of slaves, Hooks' expertly does not focus on the sexual atrocities committed upon black women. She in fact details the effect brutalizing black women has on the black man, white man, and the white woman. Hooks explores the possibilities of the potential personal gain from dehumanizing black women, some of which include stereotypes/jealousy of the sexuality of a black woman, and "demasculating" the black man (psychological removal of his masculinity) in relation to exploiting 'his' woman. Bell Hooks' research into the hypocrisy of the feminist movement as it relates to white woman is the principal reason why many African American women, myself included, do not want any active participation with the women's movement."
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Black Masculinity, 2004.
A discussion of black masculinity and black male identity.
1,130 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses black masculinity in terms of class and educational achievement.
From the Paper
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The Black Death, 2006.
This paper explores the spread and impact of the black plague in "Black Death" by Phillip Ziegler.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
The paper looks at the basis of the Black Death as defined by Ziegler and offers a cause and effect of the bubonic plague during the 14th century. By realizing how fleas carrying deadly parasites found their way to Europe on the bodies of rats, one can realize the subtle and dangerous nature of this plague. The paper explains that without proper medical knowledge to stop the spread of the disease, it becomes apparent as to why large populations near seaports died from infestation.
From the Paper
"This historical study will discover the various causes of the spread of the black plague and how it decimated European populations. By realizing the growing problems of disease carried by rats and fleas, the bubonic plague was carried by these vermin into European ports via sea trade. By realizing the massive lack of medical knowledge to prevent the spread of the disease, Ziegler helps to define why this plague became an epidemic that threatened the very survival of European culture. In essence, this study will analyze the causes and results of this devastating "black death," which spread across Europe during the 14th century."
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The Black Church in the 21st Century, 2004.
An analysis of the influences and issues of the black church, the black family, and faith-based ministries in the 21st century.
4,362 words (approx. 17.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the key issues surrounding the African-American Church in the year 2005. The paper discusses what new pastors should be learning as they train to become Christian leaders in their communities. The paper also attempts to answer how an aspiring preacher should approach the many social problems that confront the African-American community, which issues are appropriate for associating with sermons or Bible study, and which are better left to small group discussion.
From the Paper
"Inside the hard-bound cover of Andrew Billingsley's book, Climbing Jacob's Ladder: The Enduring legacy of African-American Families, is to be found pages upon pages of the great wisdom and big-picture vision of a man who is highly respected in the academic and scholarly communities, as well as in the black community. To borrow an old advertising slogan, when Billingsley speaks, people listen; and when he writes, people read, and people think deeply about what he expresses. Reading his books helps a young would-be pastor learn how to tell a story that has plenty of power, honesty and relevance, and yet carries with it some degree of entertaining value at the same time."
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Blacks at Seige of Petersberg, 2001.
Planned use of free blacks & slaves as troops by Confederacy to fight black Union soldiers in 10-month seige in Florida.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 31.95
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From the Paper
"Although there had been numerous ?colored? troops in the United States, their use was limited primarily to forces in the Union Army. However, as the war was drawing to a close during 1864-1865, there came a time, during the siege of Petersburg, that the South was considering their use.
Setting the Stage for the Siege
Strategically, Petersburg was a crucial site for the Southern Armies to defend, since the town was the center of critical railroad connections. General Lee, commanding the Southern forces knew the value of the town. If Petersburg fell, Richmond was doomed. The supply and armament advantage went to the Union forces, which were well supplied, thanks to Union Engineers who had run a supply train right behind the Union frontier."
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Philip Dray's "... The Lynching of Black America", 2005.
This paper discusses Philip Dray book "At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America", which exposes the killing by hanging of Black Americans for committing no other crime than being black.
1,330 words (approx. 5.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the story told by Dray shows how lynching developed, what it was supposed to mean to those carrying it out and what it meant to those targeted including the whole black community, what it meant to reformers and what it continues to mean today as a symbol and terrible mark on American history. The author points out that lynchers are among those who try to force a focus on African-Americans as victims, with the act of lynching itself a deliberate victimization. The paper states that Dray's book, which is informative and frightening at the same time, tells much about the practice, the people involve and the symbolic meaning this era still has for many in America.
From the Paper
"The title of Dray's book evokes a police report or legal statement by a coroner, as if the crime of lynching were being investigated and the perpetrators slyly exonerated by being listed as "persons unknown," as if unknown when in fact they are known. That has indeed been the pattern for most of these crimes, with the white power structure in the South in particular closing ranks to protect those who lynched blacks because they did not see this as a crime. Dray gives a good account of the history of the era and of the nature of the problem of lynching at different times in American history, beginning with the extralegal actions of Charles Lynch in the late eighteenth century, from whom the name was derived."
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The Black Church in America, 2002.
This paper discusses the reasons the Black Church is the most stable and dominant institutional sphere in black communities in the United States.
1,760 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
The author illustrates because of many historical factors, religion among black people is the only institutional area that was permitted to develop to any significant degree. During several centuries of slavery other institutions were deemed illegal and remained relatively undeveloped. As the only significant social institution other than the black family, the Black Church has taken on multiple roles and burdens that differ from its white counterpart.
From the Paper
"Black churches have remained overwhelmingly Protestant because blacks have little contact with Roman Catholicism. Some blacks have become Catholics, however, and because other religious orders refused black candidates, two communities of black nuns were founded - the Oblate Sisters of Providence in 1829 and the Holy Family Sisters in 1842. The first black American priest, James Augustine Healy, was ordained in 1854."
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