| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "BIRTH DEFECTS": |
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Radiation and Genetic Birth Defects, 2004.
This paper discusses genetic birth defects that were caused by exposure to radiation at the bombing of Hiroshima and under other conditions.
1,235 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 42.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, for several decades, the medical community has alerted the public to the incidence of birth defects that are directly related to radiation, underscoring the long-term impact that exposure to radiation has on the body and on future offspring. The author points out that exposure before conception carries a risk of specific birth defects including mental retardation and childhood cancers. The paper stresses that to avoid these risks in the future it is important to re-evaluate the location of nuclear reactor sites as well as the frequency of x-rays.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Background
The Basics
Conclusion
From the Paper
"A defect occurs when there are changes in the DNA. Changes can occur spontaneously or can be caused by an external factor. One of the external factors that have been strongly linked with changes in the elements of DNA is exposure to radiation. Changes that are caused or directly linked to the exposure to radiation are referred to as mutations.
When these changes result from radiation exposure they are called radiation-induced mutations."
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Teratogens and Pregnancy, 2002.
A scientific discussion of theexternal factors that might affect pregnancy and foster congenital birth defects in newborns.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, $ 79.95
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Abstract
Scientific discussion of external factors that might affect pregnancy and foster congenital birth defects in newborns. Prenatal development. Effect of pharmaceuticals, legal chemical substances, alcohol, narcotics & tobacco use by women on pregnancy. Effect of absence of essential nutrients such as Zinc. Cites several other causes of congenital birth defects. Variables. Problem of serious diseases of pregnant women & necessary drugs.
From the Paper
"This research examines the phenomenon of teratogens, or factors external to the physical experience of pregnancy, during the period of gestation, which may affect pregnancy outcomes by fostering congenital birth defects in newborns. The research will set forth the clinical context in which teratogenic agents achieve relevance for the course of pregnancy in the modern period, and then discuss the impact that concern about teratogens may have on efficient and prudent pregnancy management.
On the face of things, the generally accepted definition of a teratogen would appear to be straightforwardly informative. Mosby's initially defines a teratogen as "any substance, agent, or process that interferes with normal prenatal development, causing the formation of one or more developmental abnormalities in the fetus" (Teratogen, 1998, p. 89). However, amplification of the..."
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Congenital Brain Defects, 2002.
An overview of congenital brain defects which affect the normal development of the human brain.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper addresses the topic of congenital brain defects, a group of disorders of brain development.
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The Bioethics of John Kass, 2004.
This paper discusses the bioethics beliefs of John Kass, especially regarding birth defects.
885 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that Kass is very much opposed to the notion of interfering with nature, as well as producing a separate standard of existence for children who are born with defects. The author points out that Kass believes that, by terminating a pregnancy just because the child has a birth defect, is like saying that all society is only good if everyone is perfect and ?normal? and suggests that individuals who are disabled are somehow less than acceptable and worthy. The paper stresses the importance of examining each case on a unique and personal basis before offering generalizations about what is good and what is right.
From the Paper
"The government does not have the right to determine whether it is ok or not for someone to give birth to a child with defects, who might face a life of nothing but suffering. If your choice is to raise that child from cradle to grave, that is a decision that you can make for yourself. Regardless of whether the child is biologically or physically deficient, one takes risks when they endeavor to reproduce and have children."
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The Medicalization of Human Deformities, 2002.
Examines the history of birth defects from the statues of achondroplastic dwarfs found in ancient Egyptian tombs to the present day.
2,525 words (approx. 10.1 pages), 14 sources, $ 93.95
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Abstract
The debate over the causation of congenital anomalies is discussed in this paper, as well as various preventative measures that have been implemented over time to help reduce the neonatal death rate. Medical practices and scientific approaches towards human birth deformities are well explored and cited throughout the paper.
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Treatment for Cleft Lips and Palate, 2002.
This paper explores the various options for surgical and medical management of cleft lips and palates and the ways in which these interventions can help children with these particular birth defects.
2,410 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper begins with an overview of the condition and causes of cleft lip and palate. It then examines treatment options available and presents other alternatives. The writer then discusses the specific language acquisition problems related to clefts and concludes by accessing the effectiveness of various treatments and surgery.
From the Paper
"Cleft lips and cleft palates are among the most common of birth defects and if left untreated can lead to serious speech problems as well as psychological damage that can result both from those speech and communication problems as well as from the ostracism that a child with a facial deformity may face. However, while the consequences of cleft lips and palates can be severe and long-lasting, these can be averted by medical intervention, especially if it is done as early as possible. This paper explores the various options for surgical and medical management of cleft lips and palates and the ways in which these interventions can help children with these particular birth defects."
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Prenatal Testing, 1999.
Purpose of this testing and types & methods available. Looking at common birth defects, accuracy, problems & dangers, parental rights and recommendations.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 21 sources, $ 119.95
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From the Paper
"PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING
Introduction
Every year in the United States, approximately six percent of the total births (about four million babies) are born with birth defects (Papalia & Olds, 1995). However, although these babies only represent six percent of the births, they account for 20 percent of the deaths in infancy (Papalia & Olds, 1995). Medical science has long been involved in ways of improving these statistics; one of the most frequently used methods is that of prenatal testing.
The purpose of this paper is to examine prenatal testing. To this end, the paper first defines prenatal testing and delineates its basic methods. This is followed by a discussion of some of the most common birth defects and the accuracy of.."
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Legalization of Drugs, 1993.
Presents arguments against and looks at the social costs (health, crime, addiction), types (PCP, cocaine, etc.), birth defects, economics and marijuana controversy.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 22 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Illegal Drugs
Although drug use has been part of American life since the 19th century, it did not come into great prominence until the 1960s. At that time, the use of LSD, marijuana, and a variety of hard drugs became associated with the young and the disaffected. Throughout the 1970s, the use of illicit drugs continued to increase; among young people it became a form of protest and defiance. By the 1980s, drugs were almost a part of the American mainstream.. As they became more widely accepted, so too spread the damage wrought by their effects. The costs..both in terms human suffering and economic loss..are incalculable. Thus far, the U.S. government has spent billions of dollars trying to combat this scourge.. Without question, drugs such as quaaludes, amphetamines, angel dust, and cocaine, should be illegal. With.."
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Understanding Spina Bifida, 2002.
A paper discussing the symptoms, causes and treatments of the dreaded birth defect: Spina Bifida.
1,180 words (approx. 4.7 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
The following paper examines the statistics and research on Spina Bifida, a dreadful and complicated disease that approximately 1,500 infants are born with each year. The writer also discusses the way in which this disease affects each child differently, as well as examines treatments and solutions available.
From the Paper
"Spina Bifida is a spinal condition in which one or more of an infant?s vertebrae do not properly form, leaving an opening at the base of the spinal cord which can cause serious damage to the central nervous system. The result is often paralysis or mental retardation (Sandler, 1997). Spina Bifida comes from the Latin words for ?split spine?. It is a congenital disorder, but it is usually an isolated one, meaning that usually only one child from the same biological parents will be affected. This causes many experts to believe that the disorder results from both genetic and environmental factors (Sandler, 1997).
"Types and Causes of Spina Bifida: There are currently three recognized types of spina bifida; The first is Occulta, in which the outer area of the vertebrae is not completely joined. Spina bifida occulta literally means a hidden split in the spine. It is hidden because the deformity of the spine and any associated abnormalities are covered by the skin. This is the least serious but most common type of the disorder."
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Cleft Palate, 2001.
Etiology of the birth defect; risks; surgical outcomes.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 12 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
This research paper presents an overview of cleft palate. Included is a definition and prevalence, associated risks and malformations, etiology, and surgical outcomes.
Definition & Prevalence
Cleft palate, a common defect of the face, is an malformed passageway through the roof of the mouth connecting to the airway of the nose. This differs from the cleft lip, which is an incomplete joining of the upper lip, below the nose. The cleft lip and cleft palate tend to occur together. With a cleft lip, the infant cannot close the lips around a nipple and a cleft palate hinders eating and speech efforts. Cleft palate is found in around one out of every 1,800 births, it occurs with..."
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Vaginal Birth After Cesarean, 2004.
A discussion of the pros and cons of giving birth vaginally after having given birth by Cesarean in a previous delivery.
2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 79.95
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Abstract
This paper examines some of the advantages and disadvantages associated with giving birth vaginally after having previously delivered by a Cesarean (VBAC). The paper looks at why doctors try to avoid them, but also gives support from the literature for their safety and success. The paper further discusses contraindications and the major problem which is uterine rupture following prior C-section. It points out that uterine rupture is usually due to Pitocin use, and that VBACs have a 98 percent success rate.
From the Paper
"Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) is becoming increasingly popular and the medical profession has tried somewhat to discourage it because of the risk of uterine rupture. While postpartum fever seemed to correlate with uterine rupture at VBAC in a recent study there was no relationship between single or double..."
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Birth Centers, 2002.
This paper examines birth centers, an alternative place to give birth for women who cannot afford or do not wish to have a hospital birth.
2,412 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
The paper gives a brief history of these types of centers. The writer then brings sources that illustrate the need for alternative birthing options. The paper looks at the history of the development, licensure, accreditation and reimbursement of birth centers and nurse-midwives, and explores the research that gives evidence of the safety, satisfaction to mothers and the economic savings of birth centers.
From the Paper
"The MCA in New York used their own two decades of experience with home birth and the services of these two centers to develop the Childbearing Center to serve women who sought an alternative to the increasing routine medical intervention given during normal births in hospitals (Birth Center 1, 1998, p. 45). Women seeking care at this center were usually well-educated, middle class women with insurance to cover hospital maternity care, and exhibited the same demographics as the previous generation of women who began the childbirth education and breast feeding movement in the United States. These women wanted to make informed decisions about healthcare and wanted more from the birth experience than women had previously."
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Brigitte Jordan's "Birth in Four Cultures", 2005.
Presents ethnographer Brigitte Jordan's anthropological book "Birth in Four Cultures", about giving birth in Holland, Sweden, the U.S. and the Yucatan.
1,705 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, in Brigitte Jordan's book "Birth in Four Cultures", the author outlines the birthing events of four different cultures and identifies the Western technology based perspective responsible for the high mortality rates in the U.S. Her research premise is based on the hypothesis that traditional methods are better than the modern ones. The paper includes critiques of this research by later birthing researchers; however, the author concludes that Jordan's work is pioneering and foundational birthing ethnology.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Brief Summary of "Birth in Four Cultures"
Method
Critique
Conclude
From the Paper
"In another publication Davis-Floyd, Pigg, and Cosminsky (2001) the authors knowledge and provide evidence that traditional midwives are more professional than they are given credit for. They are not only highly educated, open to new methods but they also have experience in the field of their respective community birth system. Unlike the Western cosmopolitical birth authorities such as hospitals and obstetricians, traditional midwives vision and mission is to collaborate with the processes of nature."
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Developing a Birthing Room at a Hospital, 2007.
An analysis of the benefits of having a well-equipped birthing room in a hospital.
2,252 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the increasing preference of women to give birth in birthing rooms. It discusses the benefits of the relaxed and comfortable environment of the birth rooms and how many hospitals are now beginning to build birthing rooms. The paper discusses the necessary amenities that should be available in all birthing rooms for a comfortable, yet safe delivery.
From the Paper
"Recent research has shown that the place of birth has a direct impact on the pace and quality of delivery, and when the woman feels confident and satisfied with the choice that she has made about her place of delivery, then she can be sure that her delivery would be as uncomplicated and natural as she desired it to be. A birthing room in a hospital, with the bare minimum of medical intervention and a homely atmosphere, with provisions for the partner and the family of the woman to take part in the amazing phenomenon of birth would be the ideal option for today's woman having a baby, unless she has had complications during her pregnancy, for which a hospital setting would be a much better option. Having a safe and comfortable and natural delivery is the ideal of every woman on earth, and if a hospital facilitates this, then the woman would be obliged forever to the hospital and the medical team that helped create this setting and put it into action. (Evidence regarding place of birth)"
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Effect of Low Birth Weight on Intelligence, 2005.
Considers the effect of birth weight, with infants having a very low or low birth weight (VLBW or LBW) on intelligence and development in later years.
2,169 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This report introduces the issue of low birth weight and its effects on intelligence, conducts a literature review using extant textual sources in peer reviewed and medical journals, reaches conclusions through comparing these portrayals and presents recommendations for future research before presenting, in the conclusion, a summary of the issues presented.
Introduction
Issue under investigation
Literature Review
Recommendation
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The issue under investigation is low birth weight (LBW) in infants and its effects on intelligence and development using both cognitive and biophysical models of development. LBW infants are also often called pre-term infants in the extant literature on the subject. "Low birth weight (LBW, [is less than or equal to] 2500 g) preterm infants are widely reported to be at increased risk for developmental disabilities, with the risk increasing as birth weight decreases.[1-6] Almost universally, the increased morbidity reported for LBW children has been based on methods defining various outcomes for them as a group and examining the statistical effects of various factors on these group outcomes. However, LBW infants are also known to be a very heterogeneous group, both in biomedical and sociodemographic characteristics and in developmental outcome" (Koller et al., 1997)."
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