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Bio-Terrorism, 2004.
A discussion of the threat of bio-terrorism in light of the September 11 attacks on the U.S.
1,035 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 36.95
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Abstract
An examination of bio-terrorism. The writer explores the type of threat posed by bio-terrorism and the extent to which the nation has prepared for it, especially after the events of 9/11. The paper shows the various types of materials that can be used in bio-terrorism and how each of them can be prevented and treated.
Contents
Introduction
What is Bioterrorism?
How Can it be Used Against Us?
What Types of Things Can Be Used to Commit it?
What Now?
Steps That Were Taken after 9-11
Government Readiness
School Readiness
The Future
What Should be Done for Future Protection?
International Cooperation
Protecting our Borders
From the Paper
"For almost two hundred years Americans were lulled into a false sense of security with the belief that nobody could penetrate the ?invisible? shield of protection around the country. While chaos was happening around the world by way of attacks, bio-terroristic threats, wars and other problems, Americans went about their daily business believing it could never happen here. And then the events of 9-11 unfolded. Americans were horrified and glued to television screens as the World Trade Centers came down. From that point on the nation understood it was not invincible and the concern about possible bio-terrorism began to grow."
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Bio-terrorism in the U.S.A., 2006.
An in-depth look at the threat of bio-terrorism attacks on U.S. soil.
4,245 words (approx. 17.0 pages), 16 sources, APA, $ 112.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a thorough look at the dangerous threat of modern terrorism, known as bio-terrorism. In particular, it looks at how the United States is vulnerable to this form of attack and examines how the country's authorities are dealing with the threat- both on a national and international scale.
Paper Outline:
The Commencement of the Attack
The Screening Process
What Agencies Should be Involved
Health Check
Epidemiological Analysis
Criminal Investigation
Mass Prophylaxis
Residual Hazard Evaluation and Alleviation
Control of Affected Area and Population
Modular Emergency Medical System (MEMS)
Managing the Dead
Emergency Management Procedures
Logistic and Supply Support
Stability of Critical Infrastructure
Responsibility for an Event of this Nature
How can we Better the Process for the Future?
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper
"It is heartening to note that since the September 11 attacks, several local communities have been collaborating with "Department of Health and Human Services" (DHHS) in order to ensure that effective measures can be taken to tackle a bio-terrorist attack, should it take place on American soil. The benefits of this collaboration can be timely distribution of information and medicine, which can tremendously assist in decreasing the number of people infected."
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Small Pox And Bio-Terrorism, 2002.
Looks at the threat of the smallpox virus being used as a weapon of bio-terrorism.
1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the recent threat of a biological warfare and finds out how the smallpox virus can also become a weapon of bio-terrorism.
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Bio-Terrorism, 2004.
A look at the latest threat to the world's citizens, bio-terrorism.
1,712 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a research paper about bio-terrorism. The writer focuses on the use of smallpox as a weapon against societies. The writer explores the viability of using smallpox as a weapon, as well as some of the things societies have done to prepare for such a possibility. In addition, the education of the American public about such an attack is discussed.
From the Paper
"Bioterrorism has been a concern of the United States for many years. During most skirmishes, following 9-11 and of course during and after the onset of the war in Iraq, Americans were concerned about the release of bio-chemical warfare. One of the more common concerns recently has been small pox. Small pox is something that if released on the world could cause hundreds of thousands if not millions to perish. The American government has voiced concerns about Saddam Hussein?s ability to implement such an attack, as well as Al-QADA forces being able to do so. As these concerns became public, the public became aware that in actuality any nation or group that had the desire to use small pox against its residents, will be able to do so with some planning and some funding. This realization has created significant concerns throughout America recently and the race to prevent a catastrophic reaction has begun. The United States cannot prevent its enemies from developing the smallpox virus, or using it against the nation, but it can promote the education of the American public to minimize any damage if an attack should occur."
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Automated Bio-Terrorism Identification Equipment, 2002.
A discussion of the development of automated bio-terrorism identification equipment to detect and provide warning of the presence of biological agents in the case of biological wafare.
1,067 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
The paper examines how the Department of Defense has started work on a biological agent detection and identification program as part of efforts to develop a national early warning system for urban areas pertaining to biological warfare. It also describes the Biological Defense Homeland Security Support Program to achieve early detection and characterization of a biological-related incident in an urban area in order to reduce casualties, minimize disruption to infrastructures and support consequence management efforts. It looks at how the Postal Service has also set into motion work toward the development of bio-terrorism identification equipment due to anthrax scares and the work of biotechnology companies in the development of pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats .
From the Paper
"Another developer of bio-terrorism identification equipment is NanoVia, LP, an innovative leader in the development of next generation high-speed microvia drilling technology. The company recently announced that it intends to further develop its patented drilling process for pulmonary drug delivery in order to combat air-borne bio-terrorist threats (prweb.com). While currently applicable for conditions such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fast-moving allergic reactions, seizures and cardiovascular conditions, NanoVia, LP believes that inhaled physical threats, such as Anthrax, can also be combated with this technology (prweb.com)."
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Bio-Terrorism, 2005.
A look at the latest threat of terrorism known as bio-terrorism, including an examination of whether cities in America are ready to face such a threat.
3,451 words (approx. 13.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 97.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the threat of a terrorist attack using biological weapons has become a true threat. It looks at the history of the use of such agents and how they have developed. The writer analyzes how certain cities in the United States have begun preparing themselves to deal with this threat and discusses various prevention programs and procedures currently in place.
From the Paper
"Public health officials should first assemble a coalition of local leaders of church and civil organizations, saying: "You best know your own people and how to reach them; we may need your help in the event of a large epidemic. Let's work together to imagine ways of using your organizations to monitor disease, communicate information, distribute medicine, and organize volunteers." Second, there has to be a means for educating as many people in the community about the steps to take in case of disaster. As with myriad of other problems or potential problems in this country, the majority of people have high expectations on what their local, state and federal governments should do to be of help. Ways of responding to potential situations such as bioterrorism, although it is hoped they will be nonexistent, should be planned in advance. Because of the monumental impact that such an event would have, it will take as many people as possible and more to help. Citizens should volunteer their involvement and public agencies should be pleased to accept the help."
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Bio-terrorism, 2005.
Examines how the world is coping with the bio-terrorism threat.
2,676 words (approx. 10.7 pages), 13 sources, APA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
Weapons of mass destruction for the use of biological terror attacks may fall into the hands of rouge nations or terrorist organization through arms deals. This threat is a real one that the United States faces everyday, along with the rest of the world. The paper shows that coping with such a threat is not an easy job. The development of an organized system to manage the potential of an attack is the main key to coping with this threat. Before examining how the world understands and deals with this threat, the paper takes a look into the history of biological warfare.
From the Paper
"Since 1999 however, technology has produced significant leaps and bounds into the defensive technologies listed as a problem by Dr. Zilinskas. The ability to detect in real time the type of agent along with its concentration is currently a reality and used at various military instillations as well as numerous federal and state buildings. This is due primarily because of the terrorist attacks in New York and Washington D.C. on 9/11."
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The Social Impact of Bio-Terrorism, 2003.
An overview of bio-terrorism and its impact on the social fabric in the United States.
1,812 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 58.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how biological weapons assume a wide range of man-made and natural forms and how they seem to strike an elemental chord in people. It provides an overview of biological weapons, how they are used, and some specific examples of these types of weapons. An assessment of the social ramifications of the use of biological weapons is followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
Outline
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
How Biological Weapons Are Used
Examples of Biological Weapons Used
Assessment of Social Ramifications of Biological Warfare
Conclusion
From the Paper
"In 1969, President Richard M. Nixon stated that the United States would not conduct biological warfare against another nation even if that nation used such warfare against the United States. Further, President Nixon ordered that all U.S. stocks of biological weapons be destroyed. In 1972 a treaty (the ?Biological Weapons Convention?) was signed by more than 70 countries prohibiting the production, stockpiling, or development of biological weapons and requiring destruction of existing stockpiles. Nevertheless, a number of nations, particularly among the developing states, found biological weapons to be an affordable and viable alternative to nuclear arms and began to engage in experiments in the late 20th century."
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Bio-Terror Attacks, 2002.
An overview of bio-terrorism as the latest form of warfare.
2,688 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 80.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how bio-terrorism has been called a disease of modern society, a condition of life, an unsurpassed weapon of psychological warfare, and an antithesis of democracy and the democratic spirit It shows how, although bio-terrorism is thought to be difficult to accomplish on a large scale, recent cases of small scale bio-terrorism have demonstrated how easily it would be to inflict large-scale damage in small doses, if done in a coordinated attack. It examines recent cases, such as anthrax-tainted mail, and looks at how terrorists seem to have relatively easy access to a range of sophisticated, ?off the shelf? weapons technology that can be readily adapted to their operational needs.
From the Paper
"In September 1984, a non-state sponsored terrorist cult called the Rajneeshee from Oregon intentionally contaminated many salad bars in restaurants with salmonella bacteria. The incident resulted in 751 cases of enteritis, inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine), usually characterized by diarrhea, and 45 hospitalizations. This occurred just from a weak bacteria like salmonella. In 1995, the radical Aum Shinrikyo cult of Japan attacked the subways of Japan by releasing a sarin gas that killed twelve and left thousands debilitated. This cult had allegedly launched three unsuccessful biological attacks in Japan using Anthrax and botulin toxin."
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Terrorism and Counter Terrorism, 2004.
A study of the development of international terrorism and counter terrorism, both in general and specifically, since the events of September 11th, 2001.
1,754 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper focuses on the way counter terrorism and terrorism have changed since 9/11 and the growing role of the U.S. It also looks at the development of 'modern' terrorism and the possible consequences of the continuing War on Terror. It debates whetherr or not September 11th, 2001 can be seen as a day that changed the face of terrorism. It also discusses how since the invasion of Afghanistan, terrorist attacks have become more numerous and high profile although their basic purpose remains the same, to gain attention. It puts forward the view that what has changed about terrorism since 9/11 is the amount of media attention it now controls.
From the Paper
"As well as presenting a recent point of reference for terrorist activity, the conflicts in Palestine and Northern Ireland also show two different ways of dealing with the problem, certain aspects of which have been adopted by the United States. In the case of Britain and Northern Ireland, the conflict is one of territory and security for those who want British rule. In Palestine and Israel however, the situation is based purely on territory. This difference in the foundation for the terrorist action seems to have dictated the way in which terrorism has been dealt with. Because of the presence of British citizens in Northern Ireland, and the small section of society that is involved in the unrest , it has been British policy in recent years to try and settle the situation through political sanctions and increased security measures to prevent terrorism."
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"Terror" in the Mind of God: A Study of Terrorism, 2005.
This paper studies the dangerous influence that religion has on some believers-- an influence that ignites terrorism.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
Using Mark Juergensmeyer's book "Terror in the Mind of God" as a reference, this paper examines how religion sometimes influences its believers in such an extreme way that they turn to terrorism in the name of God. The paper examines the origins of terrorism, cultures of violence and the future of terrorism.
From the Paper
"Juergensmeyer's ideas discussed in the book go against what most criminological theories of crime causation tell us. Rational Choice theory, which is the theory used almost exclusively in today's criminal justice field, believes that criminals choose to commit crime by weighing the potential benefits versus the potential risks. (Siegal, 107). This assumption that offenders make a rational informed decision affects crime prevention strategies (Siegal, 129). The religious terrorist, however, is in a cosmic frame of mind where moral religious values override any sense of legal right or wrong."
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History of Terrorism, 2004.
This paper discusses the history of terrorism from ancient to modern times.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This article looks at the history of terrorism from ancient to modern times. The writer defines terrorism and its roots. The writer also discusses different types of terrorism: state terrorism and non-state terrorism. The paper looks at the many forms of terrorism.
Brief Historical Overview of Terrorism
Introduction and Purpose
Definition of Terrorism
Purpose
Brief History of Terrorism
Roots of Terrorism
Ancient History
Modern History
Types of Terrorism
State Terrorism
Non-State Terrorism
Responding to Terrorism
Identifying Proper Targets
Conclusions
Works Cited
From the Paper
"Any academic definition of terrorism would refer to a violent act omitted by individuals or a group not during a war undertaken in order to achieve a political goal. Modern forms of political terrorism became popular ... "
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Protecting Ourselves against Terrorism, 2007.
An analysis of the consequences of terrorism and attempts to protect ourselves against terrorism.
2,995 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the way the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack has affected people's ability to discuss terrorism dispassionately. The paper begins by defining terrorism and then presents some possible causes of terrorism. The paper suggests the United States' responsibility in dealing with terrorism and gives the writer's personal view on the issue.
Table of Contents:
Causes of Terrorism
What is Terrorism?
Protecting Ourselves from Terrorism- a) Follow International Law
Protecting Ourselves from Terrorism- b) Domestic Measures
Conclusions
From the Paper
"Terrorism is such a misused word that one person's terrorist is another ones freedom fighter. Bin Laden and his criminal gang were described as 'Mujahideen- the Holy Warriors' by the western media and their indiscriminate terrorist attacks during soviet occupation and pro-soviet Afghan government days were projected as freedom struggle and acts of bravery. The international politics has thus not permitted building a formal definition. The United States Congress has defined [22 U.S.C. [sections] 2656 f(d)(1)-(2) (1994)] "terrorism" as "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents"; "international terrorism" is defined as "terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than 1 country" [Reisman, 1999]. This definition does not consider state terrorism or state sponsored terrorism, which is often the case, as international terrorism often requires a hideout and a sympathetic or covertly supporting state."
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Terrorism and Transnational Crime, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of terrorism pre and post 9/11, the relationship of money laundering to terrorism using the Colombian narco-traffickers as a model and the relationship of transnational crime and terrorism.
4,120 words (approx. 16.5 pages), 52 sources, MLA, $ 110.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the literature states the necessity of extending the scope of terrorism to include related trends of drug-trafficking, organized crime and unlawful migration to America because these trends serve as breeding grounds to terroristS who have been looking for newer ways to broaden the terrorist funding base. The author points out that the literature indicates that the methodology adopted by the drug mafia in Columbia, to distribute their narcotics at the global level and subsequently to use that money to fund organizations creating civil unrest, has been adopted by the terrorists in the Middle East. The paper relates that literature discusses the actions taken by global institutions at the forefront of global anti-money laundering administration and reviews some fundamentals of the critical anti-money laundering law, such as the constant attrition of confidentiality and the obligation of augmented necessities of carefulness.
Table of Contents
Terrorism
Analysis of Literature on Terrorism Pre-Post 9/11
Money Laundering
Relationship between the Colombian Narco-Traffickers and Colombian Insurgency
Trans-national Organized Crime and Terrorism
From the Paper
"Michael Reisman (1999) gives a fair review of the past and the present actions and procedures of calculated and politically provoked violent non-government groups. Many critics have questioned the unwillingness of the American courts to prosecute terrorist activities that have taken place outside American grounds. Michael reviews the reasons behind the reluctance of the American courts to take legal action in these scenarios. He also reviews the dilemma of the incompetent countries whose soil has been exploited as a foundation for terrorist training and terrorist activities against other countries, particularly the United States. Similarly, Peter Chalk (1998) reviews a number of terrorist events which could have resulted in greater understanding and classification of terrorism and the fundamentals that serve as driving forces for terrorist acts. He concludes his study by creating a model for responding to terrorist actions within the customs of political and social legality."
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Terrorism Policy, 2008.
This paper looks at definitions of terrorism and their effects on terrorism policies.
944 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 33.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses how a terrorism policy is contingent upon the definition of terrorism prevalent at a given time and looks at the terrorism policies of the past. The paper discusses the serious implications for how we define the word terrorism. The paper also explains that, used too broadly, the definition can limit the ability of legitimate guerrilla organizations to fight oppressive regimes, but used too restrictively, it can make a nation vulnerable to unforeseen attacks.
From the Paper
"The issue of global terrorism has become a major public concern in the past decade or so and particularly since the attacks of September 11, 2001. It is a natural response to terrorist attacks and activity that governments and lawmakers will attempt to formulate policies to deal with the problem. It seems logical to conclude that without clear and consistent sets of policies and procedures to deal with such a multi-faceted and complex problem, it will not be possible to effectively combat it or fight it on almost any coherent level."
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