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Bias in Broadcast Journalism: CNN and Fox News, 2005.
A look at the issue of bias in the media focusing on Fox News with CNN.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper considers the issue of bias in the media comparing Fox News with CNN, with a focus on the coverage of Hurricane Katrina and the Judge Alito appointment to the Supreme Court.
From the Paper
"Is there bias in the news media? A general impression is that the media itself touts a liberal bias in the broadcast television and print media and a conservative bias on talk radio. The question is ..."
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Broadcast Journalism, 2006.
A personal perspective on choosing to pursue a career in broadcast journalism.
1,140 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper presents the author's struggle to decide if she wants to pursue a career as a broadcast journalist. The author outlines the drawbacks, including low wages and the extreme competition. She also discusses the educational requirements for the field, and the need to intern. Finally, she examines the particular struggle to find meaningful opportunities for women in TV news. The paper concludes with the author's decision to continue pursuing the field, despite the challenges.
From the Paper
"Besides the extreme competition there are many other disadvantages in this career path. One of them is the pervasive low wages. According to Stone, "there's a widening gap between the salaries of anchors and news directors and those of the majority of staff. In small and middle markets, the basic news handlers-- reporters, photographers and producers--have lost ground to the cost of living in recent years." The obvious reason that attributes to the low wages is the aforementioned overabundance of applicants. They don't need to pay the entry-level people very well because many people are willing to take any job to get their foot in the door. A survey done in 1994 shows that the median salary for a reporter is around $21,000 and the top anchor $55,000; the sports and weather people fall somewhere in between. According to US News magazine's own survey conducted in 1997, the average salary for entry level journalism jobs in general, is around $22,000."
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Broadcast Journalism, 2007.
An analysis of the necessary skills and conditions required for a career as a broadcast journalist.
865 words (approx. 3.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the necessary skills required for a career in broadcast journalism (being a news anchor). It looks at the training and education required for the position and then discusses the tasks, duties and responsibilities that are essential in this career. The paper concludes by describing the future job outlook for broadcast journalism and related fields of work.
Table of Contents:
Description of the Career
Skills Required
Training and Education Required
Tasks, Duties and Responsibilities
Work Environment
Future Job Outlook
Related Occupations
From the Paper
"There are a variety of skills required for those seeking to be a news anchor. First, and foremost, the individual must have outstanding reporting skills. In addition, they must have excellent on-air presentation skills. Live reporting skills are also typically essential to the job, as is excellent written and verbal communication skills. Because news anchors often report live, they must be able to think quickly and have strong problem solving abilities. In addition, the individual must be able to meet strict deadlines and be detail orientated. As in any career in journalism, a high-degree of ethics and standards is necessary to excel in the industry ("News Reporter")."
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The Fox Broadcasting Network, 2006.
A look at advertising and marketing at the Fox Broadcasting Network company and some of the problems the organization is now facing in these areas.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses Fox Broadcasting Network (Fox), the most recently, fully accepted major network. Long known for its innovative and genre creating programming, Fox is currently suffering some of the effects of the maturation process in to a full-fledged network. The paper discusses some of the problems Fox is now facing as a major network that are related to maintaining market relevance. Previously, Fox's audience had been the youngest audience of all the major networks and it achieved this major coup through its early hits such as "America's Most Wanted" and "Star Trek: The Next Generation".
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John C. Merrill's "Professionalization of Journalism", 2005.
This paper reviews John C. Merrill's "Professionalization of Journalism", which argues the appropriateness of professionalizing the career of journalism.
835 words (approx. 3.3 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 29.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, although journalism has some characteristics of a profession, it cannot be considered a profession because (1) journalists do not have a direct relationship with their clientele, (2) there are no entrance requirements, (3) journalists do not follow a prescribed code of ethics nor a standard way in which they behave and (4) journalists do not possess one specialized body of knowledge but rather command many disciplines. The author points out that if journalist came from only one shared common knowledge, this would restrict the perspectives, conduct and values of their profession. The paper relates that Merrill believes that, while the professionalization of journalism does deter amateurish practices, it nevertheless creates university journalism programs that squash creativity and inquisitiveness.
From the Paper
"The original definition of profession is one who professes. Since then, it has come to mean an occupation to which one belongs and about which one is knowledgeable. Moreover, one also claims complete domain over the discipline. In other words, a member of a profession declares that because he is educated in that area, he has more authority in such matters than do nonmembers. As such, this specialist has absolute control over the services he provides to others. Professions consist of homogenous groups of individuals. A professional is described as being trustworthy, objective, and inquisitive regarding his profession. Additionally, a professional seeks solidarity with colleagues and protection from the judgment of outsiders. Entrance to a profession is subject to satisfactory completion of prescribed requirements."
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Computer Journalism, 1998.
An analysis of how computer journalism will be benefit society.
2,270 words (approx. 9.1 pages), 9 sources, $ 70.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this report is to show how computer journalism will be more of an asset to journalism and society. It looks at how computer journalism is better than other news sources, will create more jobs, will affect the community, and will affect entertainment such as sports and movies. The discussion is constructed as follows: journalism in the present & the future, computer journalism in the present, newspapers that are already using computer journalism, how databases help stories become more efficient, why CD-ROM is a needed tool, the future, how computer journalism increases opportunity and creates new jobs and reaches the community, effects on entertainment, and advertising.
From the Paper
"Newspapers have always been efficient in delivering the news but have faced set-backs that leave the public unsatisfied. Surveys show that ?only 38 percent of the public rely on the newspaper.., while 72 percent point to television for news? (Dennis 677). Editors realize the need for drastic change and have already adopted new ways to deliver the news more efficiently. For example, databases are now ??recognized as a tool, if not a staple? (Webb 1) for good journalism. CD-ROMS (On-line databases) are also being used frequently by Newspapers; because of the dramatic drop-off in the price for ROMS, from $10,000 to $4,000 in the last decade, the media has been quick to take advantage. These two new resources hope to push back the newspaper on top of the news industry."
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"Committing Journalism", 2002.
Explores the First Amendment through journalism by reviewing "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 1 source, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper provides a book review on "Committing Journalism: The Prison Writings of Red Hog" by authors Dannie Martin and Peter Sussman. This book is remarkable in that it is a collection of essays by Dannie Martin, a prison inmate and Peter Sussman, his editor. In total, fifty essays written on all aspects of the federal prison system are found within this book and cover a wide range of topics from racism to AIDS to the prison societies. "Committing Journalism" also describes the First Amendment problems that occurred when Martin and Sussman attempted to publish these essays in the San Francisco Chronicle.
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Journalism, 2004.
An overview of the theories of journalism, through a review of the Hutchinson report.
2,853 words (approx. 11.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 84.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the Hutchinson report concerning journalism and contends that perhaps the only thing to be learned from the theories about journalism is that they are just that: theories. The paper claims that journalists are seen as terribly influential, or totally ineffective, depending on the position of the observer. It points out that the notion of truth does not enter into either the theories or the practice; in fact, accuracy is the intent of good journalism, apparently, but it is subordinate to choice. The paper assesses that journalism can be explained very simply in the end, without need of a Hutchinson report. The paper defines journalism as any response to any event, filtered through whatever person tells the story, as well as the attitudes of those who receive it.
From the Paper
"However, in explaining why journalism is more than reportage, which is what the foregoing describes, the Hutchinson Commission also recognized that values were important as well. In fact, it went so far as to say that "societal values need to be 'presented' to and 'clarified' for the public (Baker, 1998, Highbeam Web site). As Baker notes, that immediately turns media into educator, and not only that, but as educator of the existing norms of a society. The U.S. media, for one, adopted "codes of performance, which urge the media to respect accepted values and to portray the traditional virtues" (Baker, 1998). Baker also contends that this idea was the precursor, observable already in the 1940s, to the trend that got fully underway in the 1990s of media consolidation and concentration, or as it was called, the "long trend toward media monopolies" (Baker, 1998). "
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The Art of Journalism, 2002.
This paper discusses whether or not journalism is objective, and the effects it has on our society.
980 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 0 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that journalism, and the journalists who work in this field are unable to report a story fairly, without bias. The author uses examples of sensational stories that were reported in the media, and then found to be untrue. This paper also looks at the different types of journalism, including newspapers, television, and the internet in order to support the assertion of bias.
From the Paper
"Objective journalism and fair reporting go hand in hand. They both involve ethics, but I view fair reporting slightly differently from objective journalism. While objective journalism is more concerned with the prevention of a reporter taking a side in the argument of his/her commentary, I think fair reporting addresses the notion that a journalist should not stretch the truth or present false information in a printed or spoken statement. A biased account is tolerable, but there is no excuse for journalists incorporating lies into their work."
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Radio Journalism, 2002.
A look at why the radio journalism industry has experienced a slight deterioration in the past 30 years.
1,860 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
The following paper discusses why radio journalism has been adversely affected somewhat by the advent of new technology in the field of communication. The writer also comments on the changing definition of what radio journalism encompasses. This paper endeavours to explore what these factors and trends are that have led to the degeneration of radio journalism, as well as what the future of radio journalism might entail.
From the Paper
?Prior to conducting this undertaking, a brief timeline of events needs to be given in order to understand the degeneration of radio journalism through the gradual descent in popularity of its chief vehicle. In 1873, Maxwell publishes the theory of radio waves, which leads to the broadcast of voice and music in the U.S. in 1906. This development is capitalized on when DeForest starts broadcasting radio music on a regular basis in 1907. In 1909, the first broadcast talk was held and the topic was on women?s right to vote. In 1912, the U.S. government passes a law to regulate radio stations (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 7). In the 1920s, radio starts to compete with print media, such as newspapers and magazines (Emery, Emery & Roberts, 1996, 5). In the 1930s, the golden age of radio begins. However, by 1948, the general population start demanding television (http://www.ibiblio.org/jpurnalism/jhistory/, 8-10), and the golden age of radio ends as it starts to compete with television, and then later other technological inventions in communication and entertainment, for a share in the consumer market.?
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Ethical Conduct in Journalism, 2006.
A discussion on the ethics, normative and otherwise, involved in the journalism profession.
3,303 words (approx. 13.2 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 94.95
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Abstract
This paper deals with four theoretical ethical frameworks that are discussed as well as an argument involving the best choice of theory, normative ethics or legislature that would allow for the best ethical conduct by journalists. The second part of the paper focuses on the role of codes of conduct for journalists and the influence these codes have on the journalism profession.
Outline
Introduction
Concepts and Considerations
Theory
Ethics
Codes of Conduct
Ethical Theories
Christian Ethics
The Golden Rule
Consequentialism
Utilitarianism
Ethical Realism
Ethical Theories in Journalism
Case Study
Christian Ethics
Consequentialism
Utilitarianism
Ethical Realism
Codes of Conduct
South African Codes of Conduct
Broadcasting Codes
Press Code of Professional Practice
Adherence
Conclusion
Sources Consulted
From the Paper
"The international spread of Christianity can be seen as a revolution in ethics, as it introduced a religious idea of good into Western thought. In the Christian view all people are dependent on God and they cannot achieve true goodness by any other means other then with the help of God's grace (Oosthuizen, 2002). The ultimate example for Christian ethics is Christ. His obedience to the Father's will is seen as the starting point for all ethical development (Pope John Paul II, Veritatis Splendor). Jesus Christ is the absolute, unqualified norm of all ethical actions, meaning that he is the unique archetype of divine love and the response to it."
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Journalism and the United States Intervention of Iraq, 2005.
The role of independent and nationalistic journalism in the United States intervention of Iraq of 2003.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 5 sources, $ 71.95
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Abstract
This is a media analysis of the 2003 war with Iraq. In the paper, the mainstream media journalism of George Packer and the independent news journalism of Howard Zinn are analyzed. By realizing how journalistic bias is provided in the work of Packer, one can understand how American propaganda for the war is disseminated to the American public. The paper examines how, although there is a complete lack of evidence to support American intervention in Iraq, it is clear that the American public is not being told the truth about why they have invaded this country.
From the Paper
"This media study will analyze the various perspectives that journalists use to portray the War in Iraq within the foreign policy issues of the United States. In this manner, various politically influenced journalists reflect differing points of view on this intervention. In the mainstream American media there is a effort to encourage the continued American presence in Iraq. However, there is a counter measure to this form of large-scale nationalist propaganda in the works of Howard Zinn as an independent news source."
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The Commercial Nature of Journalism, 2005.
A look at the extent to which the commercial nature of journalism impacts on the ability of the journalist to serve the public interest.
6,015 words (approx. 24.1 pages), 11 sources, APA, $ 142.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how journalism serves the public interest, including major Marxist and liberalist approaches and theories as well as looking at 'yellow journalism' and the tabloidisation of news media. It also explores competition, the importance of news stories and the financial constraints on news teams as well as the pressures put on a news product by its advertisers and the tendency towards conformity that results from competition.
Outline
Introduction
What Has Journalism Ever Done For Us?
Competition ? Driving Down Quality Since 1968
Following the Leader ? Competition and Conformity
The Shrinking Newsroom
Public Relations ? Puppetry of the Press
Pseudo Events ? Good News For Those Who Can Afford It!
Advertising ? Whose Interest - The Public?s or the Advertiser?s?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"However, there are those that view journalism not to be in the public interest, but rather that of today?s ruling classes; government, big business and the capitalist system in general. Those of this opinion tend to come from the Marxist viewpoint, most notably Chomsky and Herman, who developed the concept of the propaganda model. This states that the media must first pass through 5 conceptual filters before reaching the public, and that these filters are designed to prevent information which is against the interests of the capitalist system reaching the public."
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Internet Journalism, 2004.
A discussion on whether the Internet be held responsible for the falling standards in conventional journalism.
6,734 words (approx. 26.9 pages), 21 sources, MLA, $ 153.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how the Internet is the new and the quickest-growing media and looks at the changing face of the online news industry. It discusses how Internet sites do not undergo tough editorial and legal scrutiny, which print journalism are conventionally subjected to, and analyzes if this is potentially damaging to standards of conventional journalism.
From the Paper
"In presenting news in the layout of a newspaper, supplementing it with multimedia features might be the greatest strengths of web-based journalism. Apart from the printed story in the newspaper, the text may be come together with a video or a collection of online photographs presented through a slideshow. The Internet gives more opportunities and discovery of novel ways of presenting news. It is a totally distinct environment involving varied approaches. Anything, which goes on fine in traditional media, might not show the same results in the new media. The Internet provides news and at the same time information also. The medium is also that of storage through archiving."
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The Interview in Sociology and Journalism, 2002.
This paper describes the general techniques of interviewing and then compares journalistic and sociological research interviewing methods.
3,515 words (approx. 14.1 pages), 16 sources, MLA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses in detail the methodology by which the interview is used to collect precise data. The author believes that, both in sociology and in journalism, the dynamics of interviewing should be properly understood to improve the effectiveness of data gathering. The author states that a key difference is that, in a sociological interview, the question should not be either loaded or biased; whereas, in journalism, it can be biased for a provocation of response. The author concludes that the journalist has much to learn from the sociologist.
From the Paper
"Each type of an interview is designed with a particular task in mind. The non-standardized type is most suitably used in exploratory studies where little is known about the topic. This way a small group may be interviewed quite informally with an intention of gaining useful guidance for the construction of more profound interviews. But there is a limit to which such interviews can be used with larger samples, since they may consume much time and money. Therefore, where large samples are necessary in sociology, the structured interviews provide a number of advantages, as they are cheaper in money and time and easier to process. The potentially quantitative form of standardized interviews makes them useful in hypothesis testing, (that is, checking the validity of initial assumptions in journalism)."
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