| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "BEEF HORMONE ISSUE": |
|
|
The Beef Hormone Issue, 2006.
This in-depth paper examines the much debated and controversial issue regarding the use of hormones within the cattle industry.
3,108 words (approx. 12.4 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 90.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The writer of this well-researched paper details the health risks which can and do result, due to the use of hormones in the beef produced in America and around the world. This paper traces the use of hormones in beef back to the 1970s, when the U.S. began using hormones to accelerate the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. The writer contends that over 95% of the cattle in the U.S. are currently being administered growth promoting hormones. This paper examines the ongoing conflict between the U.S., the European Union and Canada over the ban on cattle products produced with growth hormones. Since the 1950s, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been researching the effects of growth hormones and it, as well as other scientific experts, have found that there is no difference between beef raised on hormones and those raised without. This paper delves into the various FDA laws which permit the use of hormones in restricted amounts. The writer of this paper also focuses on the health risks involved with the ingestion of these hormones. Scientists and health experts contend that any increase in the level of hormones, above that which occurs naturally in humans, carries a potential risk of carcinogenic effects.
From the Paper
"Beginning in the 1970's the United State's meat industry began using hormones to improve the growth rate of animals in an effort to conserve time and money. In 1981, the European Union began restricting the use of growth hormones within the Union itself, and also began restricting the import of meat and meat products derived from cattle that had been given hormones. During the past years, the European Union have updated and/or amended its regulations several times, generally to include more hormones, however, for the most part, the regulations have remained the same. The dispute at the World Trade Organization concerns the use of six scientifically approved hormones used for cattle growth promotion, estradiol, melengestrol acetate, progesterone, testosterone, trenbolone acetate, and zeranol."
| |
|
The Beef Hormone Dispute, 2005.
This paper discusses the continuing dispute between the United States and the European Union regarding American beef treated with hormones.
2,970 words (approx. 11.9 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 87.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that the dispute over beef hormones between the United States and the European Union has been ongoing for two decades, escalating to a ban on American beef treated with hormones, despite scientific studies supporting the fact that certain approved growth hormones posed no public health threat. The author points out that the pandemonium in the E.U. started in the early 1980s over synthetic hormone diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was banned in the United States in 1979 because of its links to cancer and birth defects, was detected in some imported baby food made with veal. The paper shows, therefore, that four European countries prohibited all hormone use in cattle, which eventually led to the ban of American beef. The paper relates that the core of the difference is that American consumers and authorities have embraced technological breakthroughs relating to foodstuffs; whereas, the Europeans tend to shy away from such advancements: In the end, the beef hormone dispute appears to be at a stalemate.
From the Paper
"The use of certain growth hormones in the American beef industry was a common occurrence in the 1970s and 1980s. American farmers saw the immediate benefits of growing beefier beef cattle and enthusiastically accepted the practice. The growth hormones, used by the United States, are actually a pellet that is implanted under the animal's skin, behind the ears. This time-release capsule slowly releases the hormones over the period of several weeks, during significant stages of growth. The cost effectiveness of this process is significant"
| |
|
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), 2007.
This paper is a research proposal, including a review of literature, regarding the prescription of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by physicians.
9,855 words (approx. 39.4 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 200.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This study examines the impact of the WHI as it relates to the prescription practices of physicians who have menopausal patients. The research explores such factors as the knowledge of the physicians as it pertains to the results of the WHI, years of practice, location of practice and the gender of the physicians. The paper hypothesizez that there will be some correlation between number of years in practice and the manner in which the results of the WHI are interpreted. Such a correlation is expected because a great deal of the existing research on this subject suggests that there is a correlation between these variables. The paper includes several long quotations, letters to physicians and the questionnaire.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background of the Problem
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Definitions of Terms...
Limitations of the Study
Review of the Literature
What is Menopause
Women's Health Initiative (WHI)
Hormone Therapy
Post-menopausal Use of Hormone Therapy
Potentially Harmful Effects of PHT
Impact of WHI on Physicians Prescribing HRT
Impact of WHI on Women using HRT
Alternatives for HRT.
Conclusion
Methodology
Overview of the Proposed Study
Research Methods
Subjects
Materials
Proposed Data Analysis
Appendixes
American Society of Reproductive Medicine Recommended Practice Guidelines for Hormone Therapy
Introductory Letters
Physician Survey on Hormone Therapy
Questionnaire in Prescribing Attitudes if Physicians for Hormone Therapy
From the Paper
"The primary limitation of the study is the response rate which was only 30%; although this type of response rate is consistent with a one-time physician survey. In addition the authors reiterate the idea that only one survey was sent so that the results of the survey would not be biased. The respondents were demographically comparable to non-respondents and the overall population of U.S. physicians. In addition the correlation between specialty and attitude was not restricted by gender, age, or region. Furthermore, worst-case assumptions in a sensitivity analysis did not alter the results of the evaluation."
| |
|
Human Growth Hormone, 2004.
A comprehensive analysis of human growth hormone and its implications for health care providers and consumers.
5,900 words (approx. 23.6 pages), 25 sources, APA, $ 140.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Described as the new 'fountain of youth' and as a potential health hazard that is being increasingly abused, human growth hormone seems to promise to provide a number of far-reaching benefits for the elderly and those who are suffering from various diseases related to the endocrine system. This paper introduces the topic, provides a review and discussion of the relevant literature to determine what the human growth hormone is, how it works, and what the experts are saying about its benefits and drawbacks. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"The editors emphasize that the abuse of performance-enhancing drugs is not limited to professional athletes. They cite research by the National Institute on Drug Abuse which indicates that more than 500,000 teenagers (175,000 girls and 325,000 boys used steroids, in the past year alone). According to the Healthy Competition Foundation, one in four teens knows someone who has abused performance-enhancing drugs but only 50 percent of the teens who were surveyed were even aware of one potential side effect of the drugs involved (Bad sports, October 2000, p. 1). Of the various compounds available, Emma Davy says that probably the most popular performance-enhancing drug today is human growth hormone which is banned in most sports."
| |
|
Growth Hormone, 2006.
A discussion regarding pharmaceutical and biotechnological uses of growth hormone.
1,435 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This study helps to ascertain whether the use of growth hormone has any beneficial effect on those who wish to use it for cosmetic purposes. The paper further discusses whether its use should be restricted to those who have deficits in their body's secretions of somatotropin as children.
From the Paper
"Dr. Richard Sadovsky, in the journal, American Family Physician treats children to improve height velocity and bone maturation in children. However, he says "the use of growth hormone in children with non-growth hormone-deficient short stature is controversial." He cites a study by Kawai and Associates with 27 boys of short stature that were divided into a control group that received nothing that would affect growth or bone maturation and a treatment group that received pituitary-derived or recombinant human growth hormone five or six times every week for 3.5 to 4.8 years. The surprising findings were that growth hormone therapy during prepubery did not improve height and actually resulted in shorter final height than what would have been attained naturally. "This may be the result of accelerated bone maturation and reduction of the duration of puberty." Rosenfeld, who conducted the study, commented that short children with normal growth velocities may be negatively affected by "the early and rapid pubertal progression caused by growth hormone therapy." Those involved must carefully select the children, as the time that they utilize this drug affects and is affected by puberty. (Sadovsky 1997)"
| |
|
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), 2006.
This paper is a research proposal to explore the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on post menopausal quality of life.
1,975 words (approx. 7.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 62.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper explains that psychological and psychosocial disturbances can reduce the quality of life experienced by post menopausal women; therefore, it is vital that researchers concentrate their efforts on uncovering plausible and effective therapies to improve the mental health and well being of patients during their menopausal and post menopausal years. The author points out that, while the physical side effects and psychosocial side effects of menopause itself have been well studied, relatively little literature exists regarding the mental health and well being of women in the post menopausal phase of life. The paper explains that the longitudinal design of this study will enable the researcher to collect data on the defined variables over time in order to assess the causal relationship that exists between HRT therapy and the quality of life reported by women participating in the study.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Purpose of Study
Background to the Problem
Objectives of Study
Significance of Study
Method
Research Design
Procedure
Data Analysis
Predicted Results
Discussion
From the Paper
"In conducting the study, the researcher will undoubtedly run into some obstacles including determining how to measure change in the participants' health and well being, examining the extent of change and the attributes of change for purposes of the study. Measuring change is a key concept vital to longitudinal research design. As this study is qualitative in nature, the data will be presented via narratives, observations and transcripts from the survey to record and measure data appropriately."
| |
|
Hormone Replacement Therapy, 2002.
Discusses the use of HRT on the unpleasant side-effects of menopause.
971 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 34.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Menopause is that inevitable and irreversible time when a woman?s reproductive cycle and menstruation periods gradually end, as her ovaries cease to respond to male gonadotropins and her capacity to become pregnant stops. The paper begins by defining menopause and its consequences. It then looks at how Estrogen/Hormone Replacement Therapy (ERT/HRT) can help eliminate, minimize or reverse many menopausal symptoms. Finally, the paper looks at the pros and cons of HRT and discusses what a woman might experience by taking these hormones.
From the Paper
"With the loss of estrogen at menopause, osteoporosis develops, whereby bones lose calcium and become thin and brittle (Hempel 1996), increasing the risk of fractures. Studies show that 120,000 such women fracture their hips every year and about 15% of them will die from complications of hip fracture. The familiar ?Dowager?s hump? occurs in the first 5-10 years after menopause. ERT/HRT checks this condition effectively and reduces hip fractures by 25% and spine fractures by about 50% (Hempel)."
| |
|
Hormone Replacement Therapy, 1992.
Reviews 10 scholarly articles on menopause treatment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, $ 55.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"This study will review ten articles on hormone replacement therapy following menopause, which is associated with age-related changes in the reproductive system and efforts to control the effects of those changes.
Robert Berne and Matthew Levy write in "Hormonal Patterns During the Menstrual Cycle" that there are three phases in the menstrual cycle --- the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase --- and that these phases and the entire menstrual cycle are regulated by gonadal steroid hormone production.
When menopause sets in, these hormones are not produced in the same way or at the same rate. The question asked by Berne and Levy in the middle of their paper focuses on what causes and regulates the primary "surge" of hormones and the ovulation which ..."
| |
|
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), 2003.
Examines the use of HRT for postmenopausal women.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 6 sources, $ 31.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
Discusses the purpose of preventing osteoporosis or heart disease, as well as depression and hot flashes. Cites a 2002 report on HRT risks and benefits that contended the use of HRT increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer.
From the Paper
"For decades, women have been using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to combat the adverse effects of menopause such as osteoporosis and heart disease (Hlatky, Boothroyd, Vittinghoff, Sharp and Whooley, 2002). HRT has also been thought to help prevent ..."
| |
|
EU Ban on U.S. Beef, 2007.
This paper provides an analysis and discussion of the European Union's ban of U.S. beef.
3,000 words (approx. 12.0 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 88.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the primary reasons for imposing bans on U.S. beef products concern health issues relating to hormone-treated beef products. The writer also looks at the potential for human consumption of potentially harmful beef products resulting from cattle diseases such as Mad Cow. The writer points out that there are some politically charged factors involved in this issue. Further, the writer maintains that the U.S. beef industry is the leading competitor in this industry in the global marketplace, but the agricultural industry in general has been adversely affected in years past because of arbitrary bans from key trading partners such as the European Union. The writer notes that such bans may be based on a number of factors, including cultural perceptions of quality, politically motivated initiatives and the potential threats represented by cattle-borne diseases such as Mad Cow that are amplified by urban legend and the mainstream media. The writer concludes that the importance of the European Union to U.S. exporters means that such bans will have to be justified by more than just cultural lip service in the future, and U.S. exporters are going to increasingly demand that the Europeans put their money where they mouths are - literally.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Factors Influencing Trade Decisions for U.S. Beef Products
Conclusion
From the Paper
"From the perspective of the U.S. beef industry, the European Union's standard is simply a politically motivated trade barrier that provides no actual health protection for European consumers but rather serves to inflate for them; by sharp contrast, the European controversy is fairly longstanding and began during the 1970s when a series of health scares in Europe caused created an atmosphere in which the public was increasingly concerned about the potential side effects of eating beef products that had been treated with hormones. A number of stories in the European press linked the consumption of hormone-treated beef to hormone-related health problems and some of the accounts simply fueled the fires with increasingly skeptical European consumers."
| |
|
Hormones and Weight-Training in Elderly Males, 1995.
This paper discusses hormones and weight training in elderly males: Aging process, physiological effects and risk-benefit ratio of growth hormones and exercise on muscles, bones, fat and testosterone.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 19 sources, $ 127.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
From the Paper
"The various pathophysiologic processes associated with normal aging were once considered both inevitable and irreversible. More recently, research has shown that declines in lean body mass, bone mineral density, and muscle strength may be associated with related decreases in certain steroidal hormones. Hence, many believe that testosterone and growth hormone replacement therapy, in conjunction with weight-training, may delay or even reverse age-related atrophic changes. However, while exercise does confer many health benefits upon the elderly, the advantages of hormone administration remain in doubt."
| |
|
Hormones and the Diet, 2006.
An overview of human hormones and their importance in relation to our diet.
2,753 words (approx. 11.0 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 82.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper deals with scientific work that has been carried out over recent years to identify a small group of chemicals and hormones that regulate the processes of the body and the brain. The author provides comprehensive information regarding various hormones that are produced in the body, their importance and how they can affect an individual's diet.
Outline:
Introduction
Cortisol
Estrogen and Progesterone
Testosterone
DHEA
Stress and the Diet
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper
" Within the last fifteen years or do, research scientists have identified a small group of chemicals and hormones that regulate the processes of the body and the brain, such as insulin (diabetes), adrenaline, noradrenaline and glucagon, "a hormone that stimulates the conversion of glucogen into glucose in the liver and often is linked with hypoglycemia (Parry, 2005, p. 256). And within the last ten years, these same scientists have discovered that the chemical/hormonal story is considerably more complex, due to finding hundreds of newly-identified compounds that regulate a person's mood, his/her susceptibility to particular diseases, and especially what a person eats, i.e. that these chemicals are secreted and made active by certain types of food based on diet and intake.
"At least seventy neurotransmitters (chemicals that modify or result in the transmission of nerve impulses between brain synapses), have also been identified which regulate nerve function, including memory, mental function, mood, movement, the wake-sleep cycle and appetite. The disruption of even one neurotransmitter significantly alters nerve cell function and causes a reaction which affects all other neurotransmitters, profoundly affecting many natural processes in the brain and the body."
| |
|
Hormones in Agriculture, 2002.
Discusses the effect that the addition of hormones to the agricultural chain has on humans and animals.
1,227 words (approx. 4.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 41.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed discussion about the use of hormones in our agricultural food and the adverse effects it has on animals and the human consumers. The writer provides an outline of the effect the hormones have both physically and politically on the consumer and the nations that support the use of hormones. The writer also presents evidence of the health problems hormones are thought to cause.
From the Paper
"As the world continues to grow, the need for food and dairy products increases as well. Using hormones to increase production of product initially seemed to be a good solution but as studies were conducted it became evident that there were possible problems and risks. The nations of Europe as well as Canada became concerned about the health risks involved with the US use of hormones in bovine. Because of the contradictions in opinions and study results it would behoove the nation to hold off on the use of hormone in cattle until the questions can be answered satisfactorily."
| |
|
Hormonal Imbalances and Human Behavior, 2005.
A look at how hormones affect human behavior.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 63.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
This paper looks at the effect of hormonal imbalances on human behavior. The paper looks at thyroid, adrenal, gonadal and placental hormones, PMS, PND, and the chemical basis for how hormones cause depression and other behavioral changes.
| |
|
The High Steaks of Beef Production, 2002.
A research paper on the beef industry in America, including its environmental and health effects.
3,138 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 19 sources, APA, $ 91.95
»
Click here to show/hide summary
Abstract
The paper discusses how the beef industry is the largest sector in American agriculture and has many detrimental effects on the environment. Americans typically eat large quantities of red meat and consequently have a high rate of heart disease and obesity. The paper includes statistics from the American Heart Association, the Center for Disease Control and the World Health Organization. Furthermore, it shows that working conditions in meatpacking plants are among the most dangerous of any industry in the country. This paper also examines the inhumane treatment of cattle. Lastly, it provides alternatives and solutions for the environmental and human health problems associated with beef production, including pasture-based farming and grassfed beef.
From the Paper
"T-Bone, Porterhouse, Ribeye, Skirt Steak, Center-cut Sirloin, Chuck Roast, Tenderloin?any one of these items could rightly bear the title of ?All-American Entree.? Or how about a steamy rack of ribs, smothered in hickory-smoked barbeque sauce? Prime rib, with a little horseradish and a baked potato on the side? Meaty five alarm chili topped with Monterey jack? The American taste for beef knows no bounds. Each year, the US produces more beef than any other nation in the world, consuming an average of 116.7 lbs per capita. Compared with an average of only 68.4 lbs of poultry, and 47.8 lbs of pork per capita eaten each year in America, it is fair to say that we have a cultural preference toward eating cows. No other country boasts menu items like the 1 lb hamburger topped with cheddar, swiss, and grilled onions at Fuddrucker?s Restaurants, or the 72-ounce top sirloin at the Big Texan Steakhouse in Amarillo, TX. Finish it, and they?ll pick up the tab for you. With this kind of love for beef, it is no wonder the US red meat industry produced 26,492 lbs in 1999, making it the largest sector of our agricultural economy. But beef doesn?t stop at the table?aside from gelatin, beef by-products are used in pharmaceuticals, adhesives and anti-corrosives, just to name a few. A closer look at the mass production and consumption of red meat in America today reveals alarming situations both environmentally and in terms of human health. Technical developments in cattle-raising practices involve the use of hormones and antibiotics and consequently trying to push animals past their normal biological functions. Natural resources are taxed by beef production, and the broad picture illustrates a high degree of inefficiency. Modern meatpacking plants are not keeping pathogens out of the beef, and working conditions are far too dangerous. The entire system, from the ranch, to the feedlot, to the slaughterhouse, to the store, restaurant, and plate, is riddled with problems. It is time we find alternatives to help alleviate this American beef dilemma."
|
|
|
