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The Bank of New York - Risk Analysis, 2002.
An essay presented in report form by the bank's risk management team in an attempt to identify and minimize the risks faced by the bank.
1,620 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
The paper discusses the number of risks associated with the banking industry. In an attempt to identify and minimize the various risks associated with the operation of this institution, the Bank of New York uses a Risk Management team. Their main goal is to identify and track the various risks associated with the Bank of New York and offer recommendations as to how to minimize or eliminate them. The paper shows how threats and risks in the banking industry can be divided into the following categories: Market Risk, Credit Risk, Foreign Asset Risk, Competition Risk, Governmental Risk, as well as risks to the physical structure and data systems. This paper discusses these risk areas and the Bank of New York's plan for minimizing them.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Risk Analysis
Threats/Risks - Market Risk
Credit Risk
Foreign Asset Risk
Governmental Risk
Competition Risk
Analysis
Data Systems
Mitigation/Countermeasures
Information Assurance Policies
Disaster Recovery Policies
Summary
From the Paper
"The World Trade tower attack in September of 2001 prompted the Bank of New York to re-evaluate and amend its disaster recovery policies. At the time of the disaster, the Bank had over 8,300 employees located in four lower Manhattan facilities who were evacuated in a matter of hours. The recovery plan was immediately implemented, and they temporarily relocated headquarters to midtown Manhattan. By that evening, they had relocated operating departments to five existing contingency sites in New Jersey, New York State, and Connecticut. Staff was reassigned to alternate sites as specified in disaster recovery plans while systems were restored at backup sites over the course of the following days. Well-executed contingency plans led to quick recovery of many businesses, including ADR, BNY Clearing, Core Custody, Brokerage, European Transfer Agency, Foreign Currency Transfer, Fund Accounting and Administration, Investment Management, Performance Measurement, Retail Fund Administration and Securities Lending (BNY annual report, 2001)."
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The New York State Banking Department, 2004.
An examination of the role and importance of the New York State Banking Department.
1,741 words (approx. 7.0 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, in a country barely 230 years old, today, the New York State Banking Department is a veritable antique; it is the oldest bank regulatory agency in the nation, having been established in 1851. It looks at how, as one of the world's major financial centers with a majority of the nation's foreign bank branches, New York represents an enormous challenge for federal and state regulatory agencies and how the New York State Banking Department has far-reaching authority to ensure the safe and timely operations of these institutions. This paper provides an overview of the New York State Banking Department, a discussion of its responsibilities and activities over the years, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper
"According to their organizational literature, the New York State Banking Department employs almost 600 full-time employees, about 73 percent of which are bank examiners; however, state taxpayers do not pay for bank regulation since the revenues to fund the Department's operating budget are derived from the fees paid to it by state-chartered institutions. Besides its main office at One State Street, Manhattan, the Department maintains an office in the state capital at the Empire State Plaza, Albany, and at 333 East Washington St, Syracuse, New York. Based on its need to regulate a majority of the nation's foreign banking institutions located in New York, the Department also has an overseas office in London (State of New York Banking Department, 2004). The Department is the primary regulator for state-licensed and state-chartered financial entities, including domestic banks, foreign agencies, branches and representative offices, savings institutions and trust companies and other financial institutions operating in New York including mortgage bankers and brokers, check cashers, money transmitters, and licensed lenders, among others."
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Impact of E-Banking on the Banking Industry, 2006.
An in-depth analysis of individual commercial banks and how they service their customers.
13,765 words (approx. 55.1 pages), 31 sources, APA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses individual commercial banks and how they service their customers. It analyzes the quality of banking services that a customer gets and how the services are provided to the customer. It describes the three main channels for banking today - through branches, through the internet and on telephone.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Chapter I
How Internet Banking Has Grown In The Last Decades, Especially Regarding New Product Being Offered
Evolution of Internet Banking
Present Status and Profile of E-Banking Offered By Banks
Nature of Product Offered
Chapter II
The Operations of Banks In Different Areas: What Is The Contribution?
Effects of E-Banking on Banking Operations: What Is The Contribution of Internet Banking Toward The Business?
Chapter III
General Benefits of Banks From E-Business and Other Communication
Performance Measurement
Chapter IV
Reality of System Risks and Control
Conclusion
From the Paper
"To understand the relationship that can develop between the Internet and banks, one has to first understand the nature of both these items. The first to be understood is the banks. So far as banks are concerned, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, central banking which is the source of all banking activity would appear to be at a crossroads in their future. Earlier it was the lender of last resort, active participant in stabilizing economic fluctuations, and now the present main function is being the guardian of price stability. As it is still the monetary authority, much is expected from them. At one stage, fiscal policy was considered to be the main instrument of economic policy, the situation changed to an ascendancy of monetary policy and that was noted by the late 1980s in most parts of the industrialized world. This had a lot of implications for the role of the central bank."
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Europe's Emerging Banks and the U.S. Banking History, 2002.
This paper analyzes the banking industry in the United States from the mid-18th through mid-19th century in order to understand the evolution of the banking industry in Europe's developing economies in the 20th century.
2,480 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 6 sources, APA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
This paper presents four potential dangers to banks in emerging markets and relates them to the lessons of the founding banking system of the United States: Macroeconomic volatility, connected lending, political involvement and financial liberalization. This paper discusses that the emerging banking industries in Eastern Europe must learn to operate in an objective environment free from burdensome and often disastrous government control; just as, the ever-present tension in the United States between government policy and banking policy ensured the banking industry's objectivity. This paper argues that the primary cause of the banking crisis in Eastern Europe was the banks' decision to allow financiers with little experience and even less capital to set up their own banks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
European Economies and the Evolution of the U.S. Banking Industry
Macroeconomic Volatility
Connected Lending
Government Involvement
Financial Liberalization
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The insistence by the American chief executive in the mid 18th to mid 19th century to keep separate government policy from banking policy has not been demonstrated in the communist economies of Eastern Europe. The second major crisis factor for these economies has been connected (or insider) lending, particularly in Russia. Though not unheard of in rich countries, connected lending is a more serious problem in emerging countries, where supervisors are less rigorous about rooting it out. The Economist maintains that connected lending has recently caused serious problems where unscrupulous businessmen have found it easy to set up banks simply to finance their other companies' pet projects. Thus, at many Russian banks, the personal ambitions of owners and managers still come before the prudent assessment of lending risks. Loans to related companies are rarely made on an arm's length basis and tend to be granted at below-market rates, with scant credit vetting."
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Islamic Banking - Religion as an Excuse, 2006.
This paper explains the differences between Islamic banking and conventional banking. It argues politically, as opposed to economically, that both systems are the same.
3,225 words (approx. 12.9 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 92.95
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Abstract
The writer explains that the emergence of Islamic banking is an example of how religion has become subservient to economic needs, and more specifically, how Islam has become subservient to capitalism. The paper explains that although advocates claim that Islamic banking is distinctive from interest rate banking, such methods are merely window dressing - a way for the banks to legitimize themselves. The writer explains that in Shariah, Islamic law, people are prohibited from charging and receiving interest. The paper draws parallels between conventional banking systems and the new modes of so-called interest-free banking. The paper states that Islamic banks have been mimicking conventional banks, pushing for short-term, low-risk investments that are similar in quantity and risk to those obtained by other conventional banks. The writer explains that the methods used to evade interest prohibition include mislabeling interest under the false pretense of administrative costs and delegating puppet banks to alleviate responsibility from Islamic institutions. The writer challenges the advocates of this system who claim that it is Shariah-compliant. In summation, the writer states that it is evident that in the current Islamic system, Islamic beliefs have taken a second place to the capitalist system. Table of Contents: Introduction Lack of Sources for Islamic Banking Same Method, Different Name Murabaha is Not Profit Sharing Using Puppet Banks The Ulama Power Vacuum Advocates Conclusion Bibliography
From the Paper
"During the 80s, Muslim countries such as Sudan, Iran and Pakistan underwent the growth of Islamic banking due to an oil boom and the need for Muslim communities to establish a unique economic presence in the new international economic order (Pipes, 1982:45; cf. ICO: 1982). By 1995, 144 public and private banking institutions had been established claiming to practice a??Islamic bankinga?? (Shaik, 1997:118). However, this paper will argue that Islamic banking is conventional banking in disguise. Islamists have merely used the former to bypass religious restrictions to meet their capitalistic needs in a manner that is compliant, and sometimes even not compliant, to interpretations of the Shariah. Such assertions can be supported by examining characteristics of the current Islamic banking system. Nazih N. Ayubi has written about religion being subservient to the state. In this particular case, the evolution of Islamic banking has become an example of Islam being subservient to capitalism."
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The Pakistani Banking Industry, 2006.
This in-depth paper a provides a benchmark pertaining to the careers of bank managers in Pakistan, while also delving into the banking industry in the Islamic run country.
21,538 words (approx. 86.2 pages), 33 sources, MLA, $ 249.95
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Abstract
This well-researched paper examines Pakistan's evolving and constantly developing banking industry from the 1940s and up the present. The writer of this paper supplies in-depth insight into the pressures as well as the numerous financial and cultural demands and expectations currently facing bank managers in both the private and public banking sectors. This paper analyzes Pakistan's political history and its resulting impact on the country's banking industry. The writer of this paper delves into Pakistan's socio-political culture which greatly affects the vision, goals and leadership style of the country's bank managers. This paper also contains various financial tables, lists and illustrated graphs pertaining to this particular topic.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Political and Financial History Intertwined
Effect on Pakistani Bank Managers
Cautionary Tales
The Opposite Side of the Coin
Pakistani Banking Structure
Pakistani Banking: Recent Past
Upsetting Events in Pakistan's Banking History vis-a'-vis Managers
The Best Bank
Other Banks
Challenges for Managers in the Banking Industry
Current Initiatives
Literature Review
Summary
Statement of Research Question
Methodology
Findings
Manager One: NBP Managers
Manager Two: New Hire from Lahore Business School
Manager Three: Year 2000 Graduate of a Business College in Germany
Manager Four: Islamic Bank Manager
Manager Five: Graduate of Irish Business College
Manager Six: Recently Promoted Manager at a Local Branch in the Capital
Manager Seven: Human Resources Manager at the Islamic Bank
Manager Eight: Temporary Branch Manager in Small Town
Manager Nine: Former Bank Employee, Government Bank
Manager Ten: Graduate of Lahore Business College (2)
Bank Manager Career Themes
Discussion
Conclusion
Appendix A: Islamic Modes of Financing
Appendix B: Recent Listing of Banks Operating in Pakistan
Appendix C: Questions for Bank Manager Interviews and Process
Appendix D: Recommendations by Mehmood-Ul-Hassan Khan
References
From the Paper
"The best way to determine what the future might hold is to understand the past and the present, and add to that the changes seen by experts on the horizon. Therefore, constructing the history of Pakistani banking forms a major part of the current research; outlining contemporaneous changes and decisions regarding Pakistani banking made by its most senior officials is also important to understanding the influences on bank manager career tracks and attitudes. In addition, an extensive literature review of those factors that generally contribute t manager career orientation in any business will help understand the Pakistani bank managers' positions. Interviews with at least a few current Pakistani bank managers will display the attitudes they currently hold, and provide insight into what they expect in the future and what would make them more or less career-oriented."
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A Comparison of Two Federal Reserve Banks, 1997.
Examines the role of the Federal Reserve System. Compares & contrasts the roles of the New York Federal Reserve Bank with the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"A Comparison of Two Federal Reserve Banks
Introduction: Federal Reserve Functions
The Federal Reserve System is the central bank of the United States. It was founded by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. Over the years, its role in banking and the economy has expanded. Today, the federal Reserve's duties fall into fall into four general areas:
1. Conducting the nation's monetary policy by influencing the money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of full employment and stable prices;
2. Supervising and regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety and soundness of the nation's banking and financial.."
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Deregulation and Investment Banking, 2005.
An analysis of the effect of the deregulation of a commercial bank's investment banking activities.
2,467 words (approx. 9.9 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 75.95
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Abstract
The overturning of the Glass-Steagall Act has spawned numerous discussions and debates concerning the resulting effects. This paper reviews literature aimed at explaining the effects the FSMA has had on the values of commercial banks, investment banks, and thrifts, as well as the of effect of deregulation on corporate customers and the conflict of interest versus certification of value debates pertaining to commercial banks operating in the securities market.
From the Paper
"Studies done to date, in respect to the deregulation of commercial banks, are not sufficient and in some cases may have missed the boat. For instance, the study conducted by Czyrnik and Klein included thrift stocks (a variable of seemingly little importance) and excluded corporate customers. It would be interesting to see the results of a similar study concerning FSMA's effect on the value of corporations who use investment banks compared to those who use commercial banks for underwriting IPOs. A study of this nature would serve well to examine the possible effects of commercial banks tying investment banking to credit offerings. Another possibility for a future study would be to interview investors with question regarding their perceptions concerning conflict of interest or certification of value that may or may not attribute to commercial banks engaging in underwriting securities."
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Bank Mergers, 2002.
A discussion of what is involved in a bank merger and why banks periodically need to merge.
1,610 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
A merger occurs when two or more companies combine to form one, where the buying firm absorbs all the asset and liabilities of the selling firms. This paper discusses the necessity for bank mergers in order to cope with the changing industry. It examines the six main reasons why companies merge and the different types of merger that exist. It uses as an example, the successful merger between Nations Bank and Bank of America.
From the Paper
"Larger mergers may create larger assets for the company, but bankers are still left in the dark with what to do with those assets. These days, auto dealer are more likely to handle auto loans, credit cards are received through the mail, and mortgage brokers can provide great deals on mortgages. Not to mention the invention of online banking. Now there are online services that will search the Internet to get the best prices on a CD's, credit cards, consumer loans and mortgages. Banks are starting to find that they are now not only in competition with other banks, but with software companies as well."
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Internet Banking: A Technology in Search of Acceptance, 1998.
Examines the potential dangers of Internet-based banking. Reviews the history of Internet banking, the banking industry's commitment to the concept, the technological implications, & analysis of the possibility of public acceptance.
4,050 words (approx. 16.2 pages), 20 sources, $ 135.95
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From the Paper
" INTERNET BANKING: A TECHNOLOGY IN SEARCH OF ACCEPTANCE
Introduction and Thesis Argument
On January 21, 1997, the Royal Bank Scotland announced that it had completed the technological fine-tuning and was now Britain's first fully-fledged Internet Bank (1). The announcement generated the suspected editorial comments that suggested that retail banking is dead, and that a brave new world of cyber transactions are the wave of the future. Is Internet Banking the trend to watch out for?
That's the leading question behind the banking industry's
top-to-bottom redesign of the entire retail operations of some of the world's largest banks, a concept some analysts are calling "Future Banks." This concept is a mix of all the elements.."
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The Bank of Montreal, 2001.
The following paper examines the key strengths and weaknesses of The Bank of Montreal with regards to the banking industry.
7,260 words (approx. 29.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 161.95
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Abstract
This paper explores the ability of The Bank of Montreal to foresee and make provisions for risk. It also examines how in limiting its risks, the bank also limits its potential for growth. This essay examines how overall the bank retains a strong leverage position and is a leader in the banking industry.
From the Paper
"The key to successful banking lies in the ability of balance many activities at the same time. They bank must maintain a healthy growth rate, while at the same time analyzing the risks that the institution faces and taking action to minimize those risks. At the same time the institution must maintain enough cash on hand to meet obligations. There are several types of risks, which a banking institution faces. We will look at several factors to determine the fiscal health of the Bank of Montreal. We will look at how the amount of liquidity that they have available to meet any reasonable demands which might have to meet, how they manage to minimize Interest Rate Risk (also known as Market Risk), Credit Risk, how they control cost sin an effort to maximize profits and they manage their capital so that they have sufficient funds to remain solvent."
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Islamic Banking, 2002.
This study investigates the feasibility of introducing Islamic banking as an alternative system of banking in the United States, but not as a replacement for the existing system of banking in this country.
7,325 words (approx. 29.3 pages), 32 sources, MLA, $ 162.95
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine and assess the issues involved in any effort to implement Islamic banking as an alternative system of banking in the United States. The study pursues this purpose through the investigation of the following research questions: 1. Is it probable that Islamic banking and interest-based banking can co-exist within the economic structure of the United States? 2. Is the potential market for Islamic banking in the United States sufficiently large to make Islamic banking feasible in American society? 3. What laws, state and federal, require change to permit Islamic banking to operate in the United States?
Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the Study
Key Factors for Investigation
Background on the Problem
Approach to the Investigation
Overview of the Study
Chapter 2
Literature Review
The Crucial Role of Interest
The Development of Banking Systems
Sources & Uses of Funds in Islamic Banking
Chapter 3
Method
References
From the Paper
"Islamic economics has two principal components. The first component is a constant set of principles derived from the Qu'aran, which are the economic principles governing all Islamic activity, and which are unchanging. The second component is a flexible set of principles also derived from the Qu'aran, but which may be adapted to environment, time, or place, while remaining within the boundaries of the unchanging principles (El Araby, 1997). In Islam, any enterprise - economic or otherwise - may be an act of devotion, if entered into with the correct intentions. The welfare of the whole of the human race according to the will of God is the ultimate goal of all Islamic economic activity. The social responsibilities of business organizations are part of the moral obligations of the individuals operating such organizations in an Islamic society (El Araby, 1997). All economic systems are concerned with the relationship between the public and private sectors. In capitalist systems, the emphasis is on the private sector, although the degree of such emphasis varies between countries. One result of this capitalist emphasis is the cyclical recurrence of significant problems - inflation, unemployment, and recession, while a second result is an increasing concentration of productive capacity ownership into a relatively few private hands. Islamic economics assumes that no conflict exists or will develop between the public and private sectors, and that each sector works for the greater good of society. The applications of the principles of any system - capitalist or Islamic - are usually less than perfect. Therefore, conflicts do occur within Islamic economic systems; however, in Islam, the settlement of such conflicts is according to the criterion of the greater societal good, as opposed to settlement on an ideological basis of property ownership, political imperative or agenda, or similar factors that is often true in capitalist economies."
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Industrial Banking Structure, 2005.
An examination of the move from traditional banking to industrial banking.
1,158 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
This paper researches the diffusion of innovation in the banking industry and examines the role it plays and how it has contributed to the decline in traditional banking. Further examined are the securitization, junk bonds and commercial papers in the financial markets. Finally, this work seeks to discover the bottom-line or the actual outcomes of innovation in spite of the "decline" which the traditional banking industry has been said to have experienced.
Objective
Introduction
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Representative of one of the most influential activities within countries of fully developed financial processes in the institutional service provision sector, the banking industry has links into all areas and regions of the world. The one sure thing in banking is that no process is so perfect that it cannot be improved upon. As history certainly validates in relation to processes in banking it is certain that change will be experienced by the institutions in the financial and banking sector. The innovation in the banking sector in British banking or the development experienced technologically which transferred to changes in the processes of banking began with electronic communication of the telegraph in the late 1850's. These innovations have progressively and persistently continued to the present day of what is termed by many to be that of "cyber-banking". After the initial birth of banking in modern terms came the "Database Management Systems" or DBMS which represents a key moment in banking history and which led next to automation of the "Clearing System" or CS hereafter in this work, characterized by automated statements. Next after the CS followed the local networks which served to "increase consumer's awareness in relation to their preferences and machine transactions as well as "increasing the search for profitability around the idea that the provision of services could become immediate and more integrated with a network of providers." Consoli (2003) "
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E-Banking in the United Kingdom, 2006.
A look at the introduction of e-banking services at the HSBC BANK (U.K.) and its impact on the functioning model of the bank in the United Kingdom.
2,571 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper researches and examines the elements and challenges that are critically important for banks introducing e-banking services. The paper discusses the impact that this will have on the functioning model of the bank. The paper focuses on the HSBC BANK (U.K.) in particular.
Outline:
Objective
Product Packaging for Smaller More Lucrative Segments
e-Banking in the E.U. Labeled: "Non-Optional"
Challenges and Risk Factors Faced by Central Banks in the U.K.
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper
"E-banking is stated to be that which "could facilitate money-laundering, although electronic systems may also help in its detection." (Ibid) Listed as well is "dangers of false representation and identity theft." (Ibid) Retail payments are being integrated into the payment system with a "global standard with a common layout" being that which is 'desired'. The goal: "achieve delivery-versus-payment at a retail level." (Ibid) There is a stated need for regulation for the purpose of promotion of "open and common standards" the minimization of "switching costs" and to allow for "flexible pricing". (Ibid) It will be critical that central banks both assessing and deal with the potentiality in terms of risk that exists in relation to e-finance and this is "not just because of the differing developments in e-finance across economies but also because of differences in the responsibilities assigned to central banks. "
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America's Top Banks for Investors., 2002.
An analysis of the banking industry in America and which banks are best for investors.
650 words (approx. 2.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
Evaluates a list of top 35 US banks, recommends top 3 banks for investors. Gives a brief history of bank assets, company structure, etc. Lists reasons for a possible merger between Fifth Third bank and one of the top 3 banks (Citicorp, Bank One, and Deutsche Bank/Taunus Corp.).
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