| Papers [1-15] of 100 :: [Page 1 of 7] | | Go to page : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 —> | Search results on "BALANCED BUDGET": |
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Balanced Budget Amendment, 1993.
An analysis of the balanced budget amendment as a way to force the government to balance the national budget.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, $ 63.95
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From the Paper
"In 1992, the government added another $400 billion to the national debt.. It took two centuries to accumulate $1 trillion in debt, and this debt has grown to four times that amount in just the past dozen years. Interest payments alone will take up 14 percent of the $1.5 trillion budget for 1993. A recent poll conducted jointly by ABC and the Washington Post showed 77 percent of Americans supporting a constitutional amendment to require a balanced budget..
Much has been tried already. All seven of the statutory laws passed since 1978 and designed to control the deficit have failed. Sequestration, budget summits, and five-year deficit reduction plans have all been bypassed. Those who doubt the value of the balanced-budget amendment should listen to the amendment's opponents. Almost every pro-spending special..."
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The Balanced Budget Constitutional Amendment, 2002.
Discusses the motives behind adopting a constitutional amendment that requires a balanced budget and some of the problems associated with the amendment.
899 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 31.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at the reasons behind Congress's proposal for a Constitutional amendment that would require a balanced budget and the groups that supported the proposal. The paper also looks at the groups that opposed the proposal and their arguments against it. The paper concludes with a counter proposal that is intended to address the concerns of those both for and against the proposed amendment.
From the Paper
"Deficit spending in the eighties, coupled with two Gulf Wars and a slowing economy, have escalated the borrowing and spending of this country for nearly two decades straight. As the federal deficit grows, those within government can not help but heed the warning signs. With no end in sight, many inside the beltway have proposed initiatives for capping federal spending. The most notable of these, and perhaps most drastic, is the adoption of a Constitutional amendment requiring a balanced budget. Proponents believe a balanced budget is necessary for the continued prosperity of the nation. They also believe budget oversights can be avoided when the President and lawmakers are held accountable for where they direct money."
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Deficits and Balanced Budgets, 2006.
A question and answer formatted essay about the U.S. economy.
1,700 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper provides brief synopses of the most important issues for the U.S. economy. Written in a question and answer format, the paper answers ten questions about deficits and balanced budgets. The questions are:
(1) Why is a balanced budget, and possibly a balanced budget amendment necessary...Or is it?
(2) What is macroeconomics, and does it really affect the average citizen?
(3) Why did we have budget deficits for so long?
(4) Is there a way to cut spending and still cut taxes, and keep the surplus as well as getting the budget balanced?
(5) Is there such a thing as a really "fair" taxation system?
(6) If it is sort of unethical to borrow money and not repay it, how can the government do it?
(7) What would you do if you were asked to create a fair and equitable budget strategy, what would you advise?
(8) You say there have been budget shortfalls for years, and now in the last couple of years, all of a sudden, there is a surplus. So, why am I and my family not feeling the benefits of this surplus?
(9) I keep reading about this new European currency called the "euro" and the problems in Japan and how it might affect the trade balance and the stability of the dollar. Is this anything I should be worried about? Or is it just another game for economists to quibble about?
(10) You had to consult a number of books and articles from so-called experts for this assessment of our balanced budget needs. Have you really learned anything?
From the Paper
"Americans are basically naive about economics. Politicians and Economists duel about surpluses, deficits, the fate of Social Security, interest rates, international trade, and so on. We see headlines that scream that 400,000 new jobs cause fears of interest rate increases, The next day, the headlines about the slowing of new jobs seem to indicate the same (or other) "fears". After more than a generation of budget deficits, now we have surpluses, and the arguments rage about what to do with them. The fact is, a very small, privileged few (Alan Greenspan, head of the "Fed" is one) know what is going on and why, and, furthermore, what to do about it."
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Balanced Budget Agreement, 1999.
Examines the need for agreement, monetary & fiscal policy, tax cuts, focusing on the Clinton era (through August 1997).
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 8 sources, $ 55.95
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From the Paper
"MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY, THE BALANCED BUDGET AGREEMENT, AND THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY
During the four fiscal years in which Jimmy Carter was president (fiscal years 1977-1980), the federal budget deficits totaled $226.8 billion. This cumulative Carter Administration deficit followed a cumulative deficit of $144.1 billion in the 1973-1976 fiscal year period of the Nixon/Ford presidency. The cumulative four year deficit increased $82.7 billion, or 57.4 percent, from Nixon/Ford to Carter, in terms of current dollars.
Under President Reagan, the cumulative budget deficit in the Administration?s first term (fiscal years 1981-1984) was $599.9 billion. The cumulative four year deficit increased $373.1 billion, or 164.5 percent, from Carter to Reagan, in terms of current dollars. The deficit for the second term of.."
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Balancing the Budget and Politics, 2002.
A paper which studies governmental budgeting and the decision-making processes.
2,000 words (approx. 8.0 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 63.95
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Abstract
An exploration into the decision-making processes in governmental budgeting. The writer of the paper studies several concepts to explain the budget process, how decisions affecting it, or affected by it, are made and what role policy plays in the whole system.
From the Paper
"Within an anarchy organization, decisions are made in one of three ways: by resolution, oversight or flight. A decision by resolution indicates that the decision resolves a problem and is usually only reached after significant amounts of work. Oversight decisions are said to be made when decisions made regarding other problems result in making the decision for the decision-makers. Finally, flight decisions are those which leave the problem unresolved and the choice intact. Unfortunately, oversight and flight decisions are the most common type of decisions made when it comes to budgeting."
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State Budgeting vs. Federal Budgeting, 2002.
This paper details, compares and contrasts the different processes involved in budgeting on the state level and on the federal level.
1,109 words (approx. 4.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 38.95
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Abstract
This paper, using Pennsylvania as a model, demonstrates the differences between state budgeting policies and federal budgeting policies. It shows how the budgeting techniques in the federal government have some major differences, when compared to those in the Pennsylvania State government; these differences include a lack of a separate capital budget, different budget cycles and timelines, and budgetary policy differences.
From the Paper
"The federal government uses only one budget to lay out its financial obligations, whereas Pennsylvania uses two separate budgets. The single operating budget used by the federal government is required to outline federal expenditures from purchases to service contracts. Pennsylvania, however, has one budget that outlines services, entitlements and education expenses, and a different budget to make new purchases on capital improvements. The former is called the General Fund, and the latter is the Capital budget. Pennsylvania uses two budgets because the General Fund is used for purchases and contracts that will take place within that fiscal year, and the Capital budget is used to forecast capital purchases in the next five years. In this manner, Pennsylvania can keep better track of its assets and have a tighter grip on where its money is spent. The biggest advantage to having a separate budget for capital improvements is it allows the possibility of change. When funding is appropriated on the federal level, the department gets its money all at once and builds whatever it needs. For a state, though, a program may be feasible at the time of its announcement, but may have to be restricted due to extenuating circumstances (i.e. September 11th and the economic downfall.) "
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Federal Budget Process, 1994.
An examination of the legal requirements, the role of the president and Congress in theory and in practice, abuses, deficit reduction measures and balanced budget amendment.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 13 sources, $ 127.95
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From the Paper
"The Federal Budget Process
Introduction
This research examines the process involved in the enactment of the federal budget. Congressional and executive roles in the process are reviewed, as are the interactions and conflicts between the Congress and the President in the development of a national budget. Deficit reduction measures, such as the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Bill, and the drive for a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution are also addressed.
The Budgeting Process ..."
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"Mirage", 2006.
A review and critique of the George Hager and Eric Pianin book "Mirage: Why Neither Democrats Nor Republicans Can Balance the Budget, End the Deficit and Satisfy the Public".
1,600 words (approx. 6.4 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the new book by journalists George Hager and Eric Pianin entitled "Mirage: Why Neither Democrats Nor Republicans Can Balance the Budget, End the Deficit and Satisfy the Public". The author of this paper calls "Mirage" a whirlwind trip through the fiscal policies and activities of the White House and Congress. The paper demonstrates how the book sheds light on why balanced budgets and zero deficits are virtually impossible to achieve, despite the fact that everyone is always trying to do so. The paper parallels the book's assertion that most presidential candidates run on the platform that they will balance the budget while in office and many congressional candidates are elected based on similar promises. However, as the book explains, what the public wants is often impossible when considering what the public is willing to sacrifice. The paper also critiques the book's discussion of the impact of partisan politics on budget negotiations.
From the Paper
"Analysts at the Congressional Budget Office are predicting a fiscal nightmare for the federal government in the near future. The retirement of the baby boomers will nearly double the number of eligible beneficiaries for Social Security and Medicare. With the working population only rising by 25%, the expenses are nowhere near being offset. The result will be a deficit skyrocket if benefits are not reduced or taxes are not raised. The $4 trillion debt of today will jump to an estimated $21 trillion by 2020 and $81 trillion by 2030. Interest payments alone will destroy the economic framework of the United States. Despite the fact that the solution to the problem is clear, getting a polarized Congress representing an equally undecided constituency makes the problem unsolvable. The story begins in early 1995."
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Time Series Management, 2001.
This paper examines how a hypothetical business specializing in matrouchkas can use time series to help balance the business's budget and inventory and the added complexities of working in the import field.
750 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, $ 26.95
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Abstract
This paper presents a hypothetical business venture and addresses several business management schemes which could help make it succeed. The writer first states the problem, presents research methodology, analyzes the methodology and finally presents results and recommendations.
From the paper:
"Many businesses use time series methods as a way of helping to balance budgetary and inventory needs. This paper examines how a hypothetical business specializing in matrouchkas (which are Russian stack dolls, which range in retail price from about 15 dollars for simply painted double or triple dolls for thousands of dollars for the most elaborately painted dolls that cost upwards of $10,000) business can use time series to help balance the business?s budget and inventory and the added complexities of working in the import field (which is always complicated, but especially so in this field in which the changing politically situation has forced constant adjustments by American companies working with Russia firms)."
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Federal Deficit Reduction, 1994.
An examination of the programs aimed at balancing the budget. Includes background, spending cut options (discretionary, defense, entitlement), public support, politics and health care costs.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
" Deficit reduction moved to the top of America's public agenda in February 1993 when President Clinton laid out his economic plan. In a major speech to Congress that took the problem of the national debt seriously, President Clinton underscored his intention to encourage the nation to think long term. He described the kinds of sacrifices that will be necessary to reduce the deficit over the next five years, proposing a series of spending cuts and tax increases.
The purpose of this research is to examine the programs necessary to reduce the federal deficit and move towards a balanced budget. Emphasis will be given to examining the types of spending cuts available to the federal government for reducing the deficit. The relative contribution of these spending cuts toward balancing the federal budget will be also be assessed."
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Health Care Budgeting, 2005.
This paper discusses the impact of government laws and regulations on budgeting by health care facilities.
1,005 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that health care budgeting is one of the most difficult tasks that companies face because it must be modified regularly to reflect frequent and complex changes in government policies and Medicare and Medicaid rate changes. The author points out that the most dramatic affect that Medicare and Medicaid has on health care facilities is the ever changing reimbursement rates, which fluctuate every quarter and are not known to the company in advance so trying to budget for an intangible balance can be an uphill battle. The paper concludes that, until the federal and state governments are able to properly and effectively balance their own financial budgets, all health care companies must regularly take steps to be as prepared as possible for the changes that affect their company budgets.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Budgeting Process
Government Laws
Affects On Budgeting
Conclusion
From the Paper
"The budget for the health care industry can be greatly affected by government laws that can change frequently. These changes can have a negative as well as a positive affect on health care. The government is focused on balancing the budget, as well as, keeping the social and financial interests of the people in mind. As the Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid programs start to lose money the government must concern itself with how to keep the programs running. Lowering payments for health care is one option the government uses to stop the loss of money to fund the program. This action can affect the health care company's budget by giving the organization less money to work with then they originally budgeted. Another way to increase the programs is to increase taxes the company has to pay in order to raise the needed funds to keep the programs afloat. This can also increase the budget for organization and force companies to use previously allocated funds into the tax budget."
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Education Budget, 2009.
An overview of the budgeting and accounting process at a school.
971 words (approx. 3.9 pages), 5 sources, APA, $ 34.95
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Abstract
This paper prepares a budget overview for a new superintendent of a school and specifically as related to accepted accounting practices, responsibilities of the superintendent and school board in the accounting and budget process and the budget's function, terminology and basic concepts. The paper also reviews the process of balancing and coordinating funds in the budget and the importance of good checks and balances in the budget procedure.
From the Paper
"Financial control refers to the mechanism used for ensuring that resources are properly spent as directed by the school board and for making a comparison of the actually spending of funds to the planned expenditure of funds. The budgeting process is also for the purpose of 'management control' and is used for improving efficiency and effectiveness and for comparing enrollment trends, ratios of productivity and performance of students. The budgeting process is also a tool for planning and is a process that is directly connected to the strategic plan of the school and makes provision of "long-range forecasts of revenues, spending, enrollment, and student performance."
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Superintendent's Role In Budgeting Process
Accountability
Budgeting Process
Budgeting Specifics
Summary and Conclusion
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Flexible Budgets, 1997.
Asseses benefits of flexible over static budgets & describes budget development process.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, $ 47.95
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From the Paper
"Introduction
The budget process is one way in which companies determine how they are performing in relation to how they expect to perform. Calculating the variances of planned (budgeted) expenses against actual expenses and the variances of planned revenue toward actual revenue can help companies decide whether cutbacks need to be made or whether expansion plans are in order. Individual managers often devote a significant amount of their effort toward the budget process, and managers may well find their own performance (and compensation) tied to how well their projections match how their organization actually performs. Because of the importance of the budget process to an organization, companies must have accurate budgets which provide them with timely and useful information. Two types of budgets, static and flexible, have.."
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Government Budgets, 2006.
This paper compares the government budgets of Clark County in Nevada, the State of Nevada and the White House's Office of Budget and Management.
1,290 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that all the budgets of governmental agencies share the goals of significantly cutting costs, reducing their scope of operations through outsourcing and improving flexibility and responsiveness through the empowerment of management. The author points out that technological advances in information technology and information systems, supported by increased user expertise and familiarity with technology, have allowed budget management to break away from its traditional constraints but have forced many governmental agencies to establish management control mechanisms. The paper details each of the budgets from Clark County in Nevada, which is the smallest in terms of revenues and expenditures, to the larger budget of the State of Nevada and to the largest budget, which is the White House's Office of Budget and Management.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Nevada's Clark County
State of Nevada
The White House's Office of Budget and Management
From the Paper
"In order to increase revenues, Clark County has instituted their Capital Improvement Program (CIP), a five year plan which is reviewed and updated annually in conjunction with the preparation of the County's operating budget. The CIP's mission is to finance infrastructure improvements, government facility construction, and equipment acquisition. The goals of CIP are to: 1) access capital needs; 2) identify funding sources for those capital projects/programs, which will provide the greatest return on investment in terms of meeting the increasing demand for infrastructure, public facilities and services; 3) establish priorities among projects to increase the utility of County resources; 4) improve financial planning through disclosure of future bond issues and assessment of fiscal impact."
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Budget Evaluation, 2006.
This paper studies the role and the process of budget estimates.
1,300 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 43.95
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Abstract
The aims of this paper are to identify the stages of the budgeting process and to evaluate their effectiveness. The article evaluates the level and validity of detailed assumptions used to create budget estimates. It discusses the role of the budget as an analytic tool that can be used to evaluate organizational performance. The writer explains how the budget can be used to find and eliminate inefficiencies in an organization's performance and explains the role of the budget in the business control cycle. The author analyzes internal and external control mechanisms that can be put in place to monitor and evaluate the budget and describes how the budget can be used in the performance accountability and reward process. The writer makes use of the example of a major business initiative in an organization that was approved last year as a result of the budget process, and explains how the budget was used in the approval process.
From the Paper
"There are four stages in most budgeting processes. The first stage is information gathering. At this stage past performance results are collected and assessment is made of the company's strategic plans. Performance results for the previous year are gathered, the company's current objectives are defined and the market in which the company operates is evaluated. Some companies also include customer feedback in their information gathering tasks. Planning is the second stage, with determinations made about how detailed the budget will be and how it will be organized, whether by department or product or other groupings."
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