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Australian Public Sector, 2006.
This document highlights various concepts related to management in Australian public sector reform.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This article discusses the Australian public sector, in particular with regard to management and leadership issues. The writer looks at management theories and the role of the management within the public sector. The writer claims that as the business world changes, so do theories and concepts related to management. More linear than vertical relationships have been built between managers and employees, and the concept of managing out has become increasingly important. The writer notes that for the Australian public sector, this is a particularly challenging, but also necessary process. The article discusses the relationship between the management and the public sector and the relevant management style.
Internal Report: Managing Out
Executive Summary
Introduction
Management Roles within the Public Sector
Management Challenges and Stakeholders
Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper
"Management theories have faced a variety of changes throughout the twentieth century. As the business world is facing the dawn of a new century, it is inevitable that new ways of managing business transactions will also see the light. Managers are thus faced with several challenges related to the new world of business. As a business entity, the Australian public sector is no exception to the managing challenges of the twenty-first century. Indeed, the public sector with its many stakeholders and interested parties, needs to pay particular attention to business and managing practices. These need to be updated to a standard at which the public sector provides the greatest value of service at the lowest cost possible. The purpose of this internal report is therefore to explicate the various ways in which the concept of "managing out" is used in the Australian public sector in order to create optimal value in its services to the public."
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Reforms in the Australian Public Sector, 2006.
An examination of current reforms in the Australian public sector.
1,537 words (approx. 6.1 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 50.95
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Abstract
This paper examines reforms recently made in the Australian public sector. The basis of the changes was modeled after the private sector, and building customer satisfaction. This model is analyzed and the various parties identified and discussed. The public sector in Australia and its reform is seen as in process and by no means complete. However, the awareness of paradigm shifts, management perceptions, and the recognition of public needs form a large part of the achievement of the necessary reforms. The Australian public sector, like many other places of business, is changing according to the needs of its times and its public. This is achieved through all levels of management with the collaboration of all stakeholders as one team.
From the Paper
"The managing out imperative, as seen above, has changed according to the changing needs of society and the public. Changing technological paradigms, as well as the increasing integration of the public sector with other service providers, has increased the complexity of public service provision (Mulgan 2004). This is why all managing roles have become vitally important to the success of the entire public sector. Middle managers play an especially important role, as they form the connection between top managers and the lower levels of the public sector on one level, and also between the public sector and its stakeholders and clients.
This is only one of the changes occurring during the last decades of the last century, and the first decade of this one. The very concept of leadership, as seen above, has changed from authoritarian to democratic and collaborative. The gab between public sector culture and public interest is a need that can be addressed by means of middle management."
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The Australian Public Sector, 2005.
This paper discusses the concept of managing out the public sector in the Australian community.
1,190 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 10 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the community influences the public sector, re-emphasizing the importance of the collaboration between community, citizens and government agencies toward creating a solid, driven and contemporary organizational system. The author points out that contemporary agencies now understand that government agencies have a responsibility to be focused on citizens and customer service oriented instead of being process and procedure driven. The paper stresses that the role and responsibilities of middle managers have changed and will likely continue to change as organizational structures within public service organizations become less bureaucratic and monopolistic in upcoming years.
Table of Contents
Key Factors That Have Produced Greater Emphasis on Relationships
Key Differences in Analysts Views of Public Sector Agencies
Managing Out Imperative and Changing Managers Roles
From the Paper
"Multiple agencies have also expressed an interest in delivering processes which uphold more ethical standards, ones that can be easily identified and institutionalized; for this reason many agencies are working together to be more informed than they would be without communicating, and to improve not only the construction of but also the implementation of such regimes or policies. There has been great interest of late within the public sector for improving among other things ethics education, a sentiment expressed at the 5th International Ethics in Public Sector Conference held in Brisbane."
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Experiences of Refugees and Indigenous Australians, 2003.
A look at the similarities and differences in the experiences of refugees and indigenous Australians according to Australian literature and recent media attention.
1,841 words (approx. 7.4 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 59.95
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Abstract
A look at race relations in Australia in view of changing culture and how this is reflected in treatment of refugees, asylum seekers and indigenous Australians. Takes a look into the issues of land rights, the stolen generation, asylum seekers vs. 'genuine' refugees and detention centres.
From the Paper
"Issues surrounding refugees and Indigenous Australians have featured prominently in the media over the last few years, covering areas such as the growing ethnic diversity of Australia, asylum seekers and their right to settle, the treatment of detainees, the stolen generation, mandatory detention, land rights for Aboriginals and Indigenous health. Whilst it has to be said that this has greatly increased the general public's awareness of these issues, it is becoming increasingly apparent that everyday Australians seem willing to place their opinions on the rights and experiences of these two minority groups - refugees and Indigenous Australians - into the 'too hard' basket. Also, not knowing much about these two groups and their experiences means that most Australians form their perception of them from stories in the media and what they see on TV and in movies. Could this be contributing to the negative stereotypes and racist sentiment within our society - all too willing to refer to the stereotypes of ungrateful detainees burning down their quarters or the drunken Aboriginals in the middle of Victoria Square?"
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Manufacturing Sectors in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, 2002.
An in-depth study which compares the manufacturing sector of Jamaica with the manufacturing sector in Trinidad and Tobago and why one is more successful than the other.
12,014 words (approx. 48.1 pages), 43 sources, MLA, $ 232.95
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Abstract
This paper compares, through the application of appropriate economic models, the development of the manufacturing sub-sector in Jamaica with the manufacturing sub-sector in Trinidad in order to identify those factors that have led to higher levels of growth in Trinidadian manufacturing than those prevailing in Jamaican manufacturing. The paper asks if the differences between Jamaica and Trinidad in the effectiveness of the transmission of export gains, have contributed to differences in the growth of the manufacturing sub-sector in the two countries. It also questions whether the differences between Jamaica and Trinidad, in relation to the development of internal obstacles emanating from governmental economic policy, have led to differences in the levels of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the two countries.
From the Paper
"Throughout the decade of the 1980s, Jamaica experienced economic growth. The nation's mean growth rate for the decade was 2.2 percent, and the Jamaican economy recorded its highest growth rate, 4.1 percent, in 1990. Subsequently to 1990, Jamaican economy performed somewhat erratically through 1994 while maintaining growth. The economy was flat in 1995 and fell into recession in 1996, where it has since remained (World Bank, 1999). Gross domestic product (GDP) in Jamaica declined 0.7 percent in 1998 (Thomas, 1999). By the spring of 1999, Jamaica's economy was described as being in a state of "shambles" after recording its third consecutive year of recession in 1998 (Gibbings, 1999, p. 1).
The Trinidadian economy, by contrast with that in Jamaica, was in recession throughout the 1980s, experiencing mean negative growth of 2.9 percent across the decade. Trinidad experienced two years of economic growth in 1990 and 1991 before falling back into recession in both 1992 and 1993. From 1994 through 1998, however, Trinidad recorded strong economic growth, although the rate of growth steadily declined from 3.8 percent in 1994 to 3.1 percent in 1998 (World Bank, 1999). By the spring of 1999, however, Trinidad's economy was described as being in "rapid decline" (Gibbings, 1999, p. 1). GDP growth in the first quarter of 1999 slipped to two-percent (International Monetary Fund, 1999)."
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Private vs Public Sector of the Canadian Economy, 2006.
A review of the private sector versus public sector argument with respect to labour relations and collective bargaining.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the common-refrain of the Conference Board of Canada to report that private-sector unions and management are becoming more likely to pull "closer together for the sake of survival" in the newer global economy. The paper points out that in the public sector the Board generally reports that relations are worsening. It continues that despite the fact that strife garners much more in the way of headlines than agreements negotiated good faith, the Board's statement that private-sector unions are making more of an effort to work with employers is ideological in that it creates a spin pressuring unions to reduce demands in the name of tax cuts.
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Private vs. Public Sectors in the United States, 2002.
An informal survey of diversity in the workforce of the private and public sectors of America.
2,325 words (approx. 9.3 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 71.95
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Abstract
The following paper focuses on the way in which the public and private sectors differ as well as what their similarities are. In addition the writer provides examples, applications and implications of each sector and the diversity question. The writer concludes from the research that the public sector leads by example and the private sector often follows the public sectors lead. Thus, it is the writer's opinion that the public sector has long since mandated the employment and the development of a diverse workforce.
From the Paper
"America is known throughout the world for its open arms regarding diversity. Each year countless immigrants flock to the shores of the nation to begin life anew in a place where they have heard they will receive unconditional acceptance. While it is true in many ways that America has one of the most diverse populations on earth it doesn't mean there are never any issues when it comes to that diversity. Diversity in the private and public sector of America have different challenges presented as well as challenges that are decidedly similar. The private and public sector have been working on the diversity question for many years and while they run parallel in many ways, they are also walking their own lone path."
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Fundamentals of Australian Democracy, 2001.
An analysis of the nature of the Australian government set forth by the Australian Constitution and reasons for disagreements over the style of government.
6,045 words (approx. 24.2 pages), 9 sources, $ 143.95
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Abstract
This paper poses two fundamental questions: 'what is the nature of government set forth by the Australian Constitution?' and 'why has there been such disagreement and disparity in the respective responses?' The paper is organized under the following headings: Organisation of a Liberal Democracy (Power, Legitimacy, Justice, Freedom) The Constitution (Hybridised Constitution, Constitutional-Institutional Relationships, Relationship - Monarchy / Governor-General, Relationship - The Executive, Relationship - Commonwealth / States, The Referendum Process), Australian Federalism, and Responsible Government (Convention versus the Constitution, The 'Washminster' Mutation, Credibility of the Responsible Government Model).
From the Paper
"According to Emy, "Australia is one of a small group of countries usually classified as liberal democracies. This is a distinctive type of democracy, one in which the ideas and values of a particular kind of Anglo-American liberalism have exercised a pervasive influence on the growth of political institutions over the past 150 years" (Emy & Hughes, 1988: 183). One of the first steps one can take in explaining how the Australian political system works, is to define the theory behind its operation, and to describe how its supposed to be organised. Therefore, we should give a brief account of 'liberalism' and 'democracy' insofar as these modes of thought have significantly influenced the overall shape and character of the Australian political system."
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The 2001 Australian Federal Elections, 2002.
The paper discusses the 2001 Australian Federal Elections and the current issues faced by Australian politics.
2,570 words (approx. 10.3 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the 2001 Australian Federal Elections and the challenges faced by the winning party, the Liberal Party. The issues discussed include health, defense, taxation and immigration. It gives a brief history of the party and its principle goals. The paper includes interviews with Afghan Australians and it discusses the detention centers. The paper describes how the Liberal Party plans to resolve these issues.
From the Paper
"The 2001 Australian federal elections had on its electoral list, the Liberal party, the Labor party, the National party, Australian Democrats, the Greens, the One Nation party and other smaller parties. The two major contenders were the Liberal Party winning the majority of the votes with more than 69 seats, and the Labor Party following closely with 66 seats. The smaller parties won the remaining seats."
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Australian Market Analysis, 2002.
Analyzes the potential of the Australian market to introduce 'Yingyang' heat packs.
1,904 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 8 sources, MLA, $ 60.95
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Abstract
This report shows how the continuing strength of the Australian economy and the growing relationships between Australia and Asia, make Australia a primary and potentially profitable market for exporting the Yinyang line of heat packs. This analysis includes sections on Australian demographics; Australian economy; potential market; Australian import regulations; and legal considerations in setting up business in Australia.
From the Paper
"Duty is generally levied on the customs value of the goods, which may not necessarily be the same as the sale price. Another element that must be considered in our pricing negotiations is the GST (Goods and services tax) which has been in operation since 1 July 2000. GST is charged at a flat rate of 10% and is levied on the supply of goods and services that are connected with Australia and other transactions, including dealings in real estate, other property and rights. There are exemptions in relation to the supply of certain goods and services. For example, medical devices do not pay a GST, so there could be some benefit in calling our Yinyang devices medical supplies. GST is essentially a value added tax. Tax is paid at each step along the chain of transactions involving the goods or services until the end user is reached, and broadly speaking, tax is paid on the value added. It is the consumer or end user who ultimately bears the tax."
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Public Sector Human Resources, 2002.
A discussion of the changing role of human resource management in the public sector.
3,326 words (approx. 13.3 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 95.95
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Abstract
This paper outlines the issues relating to human resource management in the public sector, evaluates probable trends in the field's future and analyzes the efficacy of recent reform efforts. It examines how, in contrast to the private sector marketplace which leads the world in productivity, innovation, and wealth creation because it allows the market influences of free enterprise, competition, risk and reward to find their own equilibrium, the public sector has regulated these factors out of much of its daily business activity. It explores how the public sector health and human resources marketplace must find pathways to embrace these free market principles if it genuinely desires to also be known as a world class provider of goods and services.
Outline:
Introduction: The Public Sector in a Changing Social Environment
The Setting: Competing Views of the Workforce
Political Considerations
Patronage, Civil Service, and Privatization
Techniques for Defining Change
Compensation
Recruitment
Reinventing
The Issues in the Public Sector
Problems for Unions and Management
Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action
Conclusion
From the Paper
"HR managers have been forced to adjust their thinking as well. The tasks which they perform have not changed, but the manner in which they perform their tasks has been revolutionized by computers, the internet, a workforce with a greater average educational level, and a greater level of customers' expectations, and a greater level of government involvement. These forces have also forced a change in the workforce. Many employees, whether in the private or public sector, are no longer content to find a 40 to 45 hour per week job."
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Legal Positivism and Australian Law, 2004.
This paper defines the concept of legal positivism and examines how it is applicable in the Australian law arena.
1,766 words (approx. 7.1 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 56.95
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Abstract
This paper looks at how Australian law is very closely linked with legal positivism, since it revolves around the concept of power. It explains that the sovereign order is treated as the final word, which cannot be altered or amended. While the same is the case in the United States, the writer points out that there is some flexibility towards modern interpretations of law. The United States gives its judiciary enough freedom to interpret law according to the circumstances. The same is, however, missing from the Australian legal system where modern interpretations are often met with disapproval. It concludes that this is the essential difference between legal systems of the two countries, a difference that has turned Australian law into a more rigid and positivistic form of law.
From the Paper
"A law must be resistant to change for that is the whole purpose of implementing laws. However they must also be flexible enough to allow modern interpretation, which is unfortunately not the case in Australia and this, is what makes Australian constitutional law positivist in nature. In other words, when a law is so rigid that it cannot allow modern interpretation and fails to keep pace with changing times, it is said to be positivistic in nature. In such laws, the interpretation is rigidly limited and the original law cannot be molded to suit modern conditions and circumstances. While then United States constitutional law is also highly resistant to change, it is nonetheless flexible enough to allow Supreme and High Courts to seek modern interpretation. However that is not the case in Australia where constitutional law is the final word of authority and to allow the law to keep pace with changing times is seen as a threat to the constitution. A very apt example of this kind of rigidity of law can be seen in Bulun Bulun case of 1999.
In this case, the copyright Law of Australia was under consideration and it was found that the rigid interpretation of the law was closely connected with legal positivism. The painter John Bulun sought Court's help in combining customary law with the Copyright Act. Mr. Bulun Bulun wanted one of his paintings "Magpie Geese and Water Lilies at the Waterhole", to be seen as a work of co-authorship. He wanted his entire community to be the owner of this property since it was more in line with his customs and cultural beliefs.
Judge Von Doussa however refused to combine customary law with Copyright Law and decided to stay with strict interpretation of the law thus taking a positivistic approach as Bowrey (2001) explains: "It is difficult to ascertain whether or not von Doussa grasped the cultural implications that flow from his endorsement of these precedents about joint authorship. At key points in the decision closure to consideration of the indigenous point of view was achieved by using legal positivist interpretative practice. He identified the appropriate legal rule concerning joint authorship without reference to any discourse about the meaning of the terminology. Copyright law is "entirely a creature of statute"."
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Australian Literature, 2002.
A review of the book "Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under" by Phyllis Edelson with an emphasis on relationships.
988 words (approx. 4.0 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the book "Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under" by Phyllis Edelson, a collection of tales and in particular an analysis of the section on relationships. It shows how like everyone else, the Australians have their problems with relationships and how these stories illustrate the problems and the best things, about relationships in Australia. It evaluates how from this selection of stories, it seems that many Australians suffer from bad marriages, where adultery is the key to survival and any form of happiness.
From the Paper
"Women of course play heavily in these tales, because they are central to the male/female relationships. They also seem to suffer more than the men in the stories do, but that is the same in every culture, it seems. In these stories, the women are all the victims, and the men are the winners. They have all they want, and do not regret their indiscretions at all. This could be related to culture, because Australian men are not known for their sensitivity, but more their brash recklessness, and it shows in these stories, where they get all the women they want, while the women have little choice in the matter.
One of the most interesting characteristics of all these short stories is the feeling of hopelessness that surrounds them. Not one of the characters is ultimately happy in these stories, and it is depressing to think this is the general outlook on relationships and love, no matter the gender. The stories seem to be saying that love is impossible to find, no matter who or how you love. This seems to be based on their outlook, which may have something to do with Australian culture, but the relationships themselves are not based on any form of culture or belief, they simply seem to be bad relationships."
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Australian - British Relationships, 2002.
Analysis of the book "Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under" by Phyllis Edelson.
624 words (approx. 2.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 22.95
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Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the introduction to the book "Australian Literature: An Anthology of Writing From the Land Down Under," by Phyllis Edelson. Specifically, it contains a brief analysis of British-Australian relations since the 1800s, along with the 19th and 20th century Australian views of Britain.
From the Paper
"British and Australian relations have always been strained, to say the least. The first European settlement on Australia was a British penal colony in 1788. In other words, Australia was good enough for the dregs of Britain, and that was about all. The first settlement was located at what is now Sydney. Eleven ships brought 1,530 passengers with 700 convicts and the rest soldiers sent to guard the convicts and make sure they did a full day's work."
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The Refugee Crisis and Threat to Australian National Identity, 2003.
A look at how the current refugee 'crisis' challenges the dominant understandings of Australian national identity.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 13 sources, MLA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper takes a look into the true definition of a refugee and the Australian government's stance on 'boat people' - also referred to as asylum seekers - and their policy on unauthorised arrivals. Mention is made of the condition of Australia's detention centres, and some of the conundrums faced when determining the fate of illegal immigrants. Is it fair to give a place reserved for a genuine refugee to those who do not come via established means? Additionally, the paper looks at the everyday Australian's view on multiculturalism with reference to imagined communities and the old White Australia Policy. Clearly the influx of refugees has changed the way Australians view themselvs as a nation and led many people to re-examine Australia's cultural and social makeup.
From the Paper
"As Australians, we have all been touched by the recent refugee crisis in some way or another, with an increased influx of asylum seekers coming to our shores over the last few years. Indeed it is a human tragedy that people can be so desperate to flee their homeland that they are willing to travel thousands of kilometres across land and sea, eventually culminating in a 'passage of terror' on an unsafe boat that more than likely would be carrying three to four times the normal number of passengers. The arrival of these 'boat people' has caused of a division within our society - those who are accommodating to the fact that these people have fled their county and should be allowed to stay, and those who believe that an influx of so called 'illegal' refugees will lead to a perceived loss of national identity - who want them to be sent back where they came from if no sufficient enough reason is forthcoming. The plight of international refugees is a cause for global concern, however understanding the key issues can be difficult for those with little background knowledge."
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