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Aurora Borealis (Northern Lights), 2002.
A brief discussion of the astronomical phenomenon of Aurora.
1,400 words (approx. 5.6 pages), 9 sources, $ 53.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the astronomical phenomenon of Aurora, more specifically the aurora borealis commonly known as northern lights. This essay examines the scientific understanding of their origins, the colors and images that result and concludes with consideration of the mythical and aesthetic links to the northern lights.
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T. R.Berger's "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland", 2007.
This paper applies the critical-emancipatory paradigm and the constructivist-interpretive paradigm to T. R.Berger's 1988 book "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland: The Report of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry".
1,615 words (approx. 6.5 pages), 1 source, APA, $ 52.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the critical paradigm recognizes that reality is the product of history and analyzes it accordingly through social, political, cultural, economic, ethnic and gender values developed over time. The author states that, when applying the critical-emancipatory approach to T. R. Berger's "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland", the observer understands that the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction to historical reality issues especially the importance of the First Nation people and the environmental supporters in deciding against the pipeline project. The paper relates that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm assumes that to understand the world and its meaning, one must interpret it. The author underscores that the constructivist-interpretive paradigm can be applied to Berger's work in that his assessment of the Mackenzie Valley pipeline is heavily subjective and based upon interpretation of multiple realities.
Table of Contents
The Strengths and Weakness of the Critical Paradigm
Application of the Critical-Emancipatory Approach to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"
The Strength and Weakness of the Constructivist-Interpretive Paradigm
Application of the Critical Constructivist- Interpretive Paradigm to "Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland"
From the Paper
"It is easy to analyze the Northern Frontier, Northern Homeland document in terms of the critical-emancipatory approach. Indeed, the whole issue surrounding the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline Inquiry involves a strong reaction of social, political, cultural, economic and ethnic issues derived from processes over history. The writer, Berger, has assessed the contentious issue of the pipeline development firstly in terms of economic issues: that is, that it will be good for the Canadian economy, particularly the northern Canadians who will be brought now into the "mainstream of the Canadian economy" (Berger, 1988, p. 3). Ultimately, however, Berger has acknowledged the role of ethnicity in appraising the pipeline project and assessing its worth. His final position assumes the First Nation Canadians are correct; environmentally-speaking, the project should not go on). The role of acknowledging the importance of the First Nation people and the environment in deciding against the pipeline project display evidence of cultural, social, political and ethnic values in evaluating the situation.
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Northern Ireland, 2005.
This paper is a literature review of social conflict and resolution theories as they apply to the conflict in Northern Ireland.
11,525 words (approx. 46.1 pages), 47 sources, $ 225.95
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Abstract
This paper explains the social identity theory, the identity theory, the self-determination theory, the human needs theory and especially focuses on the social movement analysis theory in the context of the social attitudes and the conflict in Northern Ireland. The author points out that this conflict exists because the people in the majority, the Protestants, have implemented a policy of sectarianism by oppressing the Catholic minority thus attempting to place this policy under the cloak of religion. The paper concludes that there will be lasting change in Northern Ireland; however, this change can only occur if all or most of the community is determined to create a society that is harmonious and abhors violence.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Social Identity Theory and Identity Theory
Self-Determination Theory
Human Needs Theory
Social Movement Analysis in Context of Northern Ireland Social Attitudes and Conflict
Conflict Resolution
Reconciliation
Liberation Education
Transformational Politics
Personal Participation in Politics
Transformational Conflict Resolution
Imagining a Shared Future
Integrating Potential of Middle-Range Leaders
Develop People and Promote Growth and Change
Spiritual Transformation
Recognizing the Transformational Process
Indications Northern Ireland is Changing
A Changed Government
An Agenda that embraces Equality
Advancement of Human Rights
New Targeting Social Need initiative
The Policing of Northern Ireland Bill
Discussion and Conclusion
From the Paper
"In the case of Northern Ireland, many attempts have been to resolve the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. The international community has attempted on several occasions to reduce the amount of violence occurring in the region. According to Crotty (2000), there has been a joint effort with the aid of the United States to resolve the dilemma facing Northern Ireland. The desire to help those living in the region has become more concerted in recent years. Much of this is due to the declining infrastructure of Northern Ireland. Crotty (2000) asserts that Northern Ireland has suffered greatly in the wake of the violence and social conflict that has occurred. The author explains that Northern Ireland was once a beautiful place that was the envy of the region, however in recent years the economy has suffered and southern Ireland is now sounder economically than Northern Ireland."
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The Northern Expedition, 2007.
This paper discusses the Northern Expedition and looks at the role played by the National Revolutionary Army leader Chiang Kai-shek.
1,159 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 39.95
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Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the Northern Expedition, a military campaign launched by the Kuamintang in July 1926 to defeat the warlords controlling northern China. The writer notes that this is considered to be an important event in modern Chinese history as it served to unify the country after decades of instability and fragmentation. Further, the writer points out that it also helped Chiang Kai-shek, the commander of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA) who led the campaign, to emerge as a strong national leader. In this paper, besides describing the background and events of the Northern Expedition, the writer discusses the role played by Chiang Kai-shek in the campaign and looks at the reasons for his success.
Outline:
Background
The Northern Expedition & Chiang Kai-shek's Role in the Campaign
Reasons for Chiang Kai-shek's Success in the Northern Expedition
References
From the Paper
"Chiang Kai-shek, however, was by no means finished. He was still commander of the Canton garrison and on the lookout to get back into prominence. He soon got his chance when, for reasons still unclear, a gunboat, commanded by a Communist officer, suddenly appeared before dawn off Whampoa Island on March 20, 1926. Using the incident as an excuse , Chiang placed Canton under martial law, arrested several Soviet advisors in the city and closed down Communist newspapers. In the crisis that followed, Wang Jingwei resigned and went into exile; Chiang took over as the head of the Military Affairs Council (MAC) and the commander of the National Revolutionary Army (NRA). He asked Comintern and the Soviets to support a northern military campaign, besides putting up a number of demands that would tone down the Communists' influence in KMT affairs. The Soviets agreed to Chiang's demands as Stalin was engaged in a critical domestic power struggle and could not afford a blow to his prestige that a complete eviction of Soviet advisors from China would signal."
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Northern Ireland and Politics of Religion, 2001.
This paper examines religious turmoil in Northern Ireland.
2,255 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 12 sources, APA, $ 69.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the history of the conflict in Northern Ireland. The author summarizes the history of religious conflict in Northern Ireland and looks at the recent attempts to end decades of violence. An historical background on the troubles is detailed and includes the policy of "Home Rule," The Ireland Act of 1920, which divided Ireland into North and South, the suspension of Northern Ireland's government in 1972 and finally the successful attempts in the 1990s to broker an agreement between the two parties. The author then looks at the religious makeup of Ireland and the divisions between the Catholic and Protestant populations which, according to the author, caused politics to become a proxy for religion. The author then looks at the how the divisions in the populations of South African and Northern Ireland impeded their roads to independence.
From the Paper
"About two-fifths of the population is Roman Catholic, while more than one-fifth is Presbyterian, with less than one-fifth Episcopalian (Church of Ireland); Methodists and members of other sects make up most of the remainder. The distribution of Catholics and Protestants is, however, very uneven by region . In country districts the latter are in a majority in the north and east. Elsewhere they are in a minority, though fairly highly localized. Most towns have a Protestant majority: this is the case in Belfast, where Catholics make up less than one-third of the population. Towns remote from Belfast (including Newry and Londonderry) are more than half Roman Catholic. In each of these towns themselves there is a high degree of segregation of the sects, and mixing is minimal and ?segregation increases as socioeconomic status decreases." Civil disturbances are almost always confined to locations in which segregation is highest."
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"Northern Mists", 2002.
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the work "Northern Mists," by Carl O. Sauer.
1,367 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 45.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes Carl O. Sauer's book "Northern Mists" in which he advances and argues the theory that the Norse country of "Vinland" was in reality part of Southern New England. Carl Sauer was a respected geographer and historian and "Northern Mists" is a well-known and cited commentary discussing the geographic history of "Vinland" and how the Northern Europeans discovered North America. The paper looks at the overall message the author is trying to convey, and how he manages to communicate it to his readers.
From the Paper
"Why did the Norse look for new lands? Sauer seems to answer this himself when he compares their country to the lovely country of New England. "The bleak and windswept Strait of Belle Isle (through which I once passed in early July) bears no resemblance to the gracious country of deciduous woodlands and grapevines of Vinland, bordered by wide tidal flats" (Sauer). He also attributes their exploration to changes in climate in Northern Europe, which drove them to look for a climate that was warmer and less hospitable as time went on. "There is evidence, discovered in Scandinavia and northern Britain, that the climate of northern Europe was milder in the tenth and eleventh centuries, became more extreme in the thirteenth, and ameliorated in or after the fifteenth" (Sauer)."
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Northern Ireland, 2007.
An in-depth look at the political role of women in Northern Ireland.
9,691 words (approx. 38.8 pages), 17 sources, MLA, $ 197.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which women in Northern Ireland have contributed to party politics over the past thirty years of conflict, more commonly known as 'the troubles'. More Specifically the paper investigates feminist theory as well as sociology theories related to the political participation of women. The investigation also seeks to answer the various questions concerning women's roles in Northern Ireland.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Framework: Feminist and Sociology Theories
Background of Conflict
The Women's Movement in Northern Ireland: Politics and Religion
Why So Few Women?
Do Women Compete Differently From Men or Do They Emulate Men?
What Has Women's Contribution Been Towards the Peace Process?
Discussions and Conclusions
From the Paper
"According to O'day (1996), the women's movement in Northern Ireland has, like any other movement in the region, attempted to confront the divisions that exist as it relates to national identity. In addition, there has been a great deal of speculation in regards to the correlation between gender and national identity. The author asserts that feminists who desire to prioritize women's issues assert that the divisiveness related to national identity has also had and divisive impact on the issues that are unique to women. In addition the differences between nationalists and unionists thought and the differences between Catholic and Protestant standards has been debilitating to the women's movement in Northern Ireland. In fact the author points out that it is usually the "Irish question" or the question of "whose side are you on?" is at the root of the divisions. This concept can be found in Derry Women's Aid in Spare Rib in response to a question concerning the correlation between feminism and the national question: "The uncritical support given by some English feminists to the nationalist struggle being waged here in N.I. is of little help to us, or indeed, to the women of the whole of Ireland," which not only serves to "to divide women along the traditional Orange and Green," but also "results in a lack of attention to the feminist issues (O'Day, 1998)."
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Northern and Southern California, 2005.
Describes the cultural and geological differences between Northern and Southern California.
1,084 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 37.95
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Abstract
This paper describes the differences in the beaches of Southern and Northern California, explains how origins of the settlers to Northern California were different than those of the settlers in Southern California, and looks at how these differences shaped the political and cultural climate of both regions.
From the Paper
"Unintentionally, the recent death of President Reagan combined with the growing media fixation on the celebrity culture of the Hollywood entertainment industry creates a juxtaposition between the two cultures present in California?that of the conservative and wealthy enclaves of Southern California?s Simi Valley and Orange County, and the liberal and open attitudes typified by the Northern Californian Los Angeles movie moguls that gave Reagan the Democratic Party leanings he ultimately reacted to as a politician. Thus California is a paradox?a huge state that is extremely wealthy, a magnet for illegal immigration, a cite of cultural ferment for the entire nation and the home base of Proposition 13 and the Reagan conservative social and economic revolution that took control of the nation during the 1980?s. ?California, in fact,? seems ?to be evolving culturally into a federation of regional autonomies as far as cultural value and lifestyles [are] concerned,? notes even the state?s official librarian, Kevin Starr."
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Two Economies in the Northern Territories, 2002.
Examines the modern and the Aboriginal economies in the Northern territories of North America.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 10 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
The first part of this paper concentrates on how the traditional and the modern economies have divided the peoples of the Northern territories. The second section investigates how "mega- projects" have allowed the process of globalization to reach up into the innermost reaches of the Northern Territories.
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The Northern Ireland Conflict, 2004.
This is an overview of the conflict in Northern Ireland between Protestants and Catholics.
2,545 words (approx. 10.2 pages), 14 sources, MLA, $ 77.95
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Abstract
The focus of this paper is to review the history of the ongoing conflict in Northern Ireland between Protestants and Catholics. The paper includes a background of the conflict, a section on the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), Riots and Violent Protests, Bloody Sunday, peace attempts, and a conclusion.
From the Paper
"Northern Ireland has been the home of considerable violence for more than thirty years. This conflict known as the Troubles has endured since 1966. The history of the conflict starts as early as 1922 and continues today. Northern Ireland has been through violent riots, mass protests and demonstrations, and the loss of thousands of lives due to the conflict. Catholics and Protestants have been engaged in this power-struggle for more than three decades, but there are signs of hope for resolution. Peace talks have been underway for decades and are starting to make progress. Though the history of Northern Ireland is dreadful, the future is looking more and more hopeful each day."
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Religious Violence in Northern Ireland, 2000.
A look at the problems and history of violence in Northern Ireland.
2,100 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 16 sources, $ 65.95
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Abstract
This paper identifies the origins of the conflict in Northern Ireland and looks at the situation up to the present time.
From the Paper
"The problems between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants comes from age-old disputes. This War of Religion is still as much of a problem today as it was centuries ago. There have been many attempts to try and amend this hatred but none so far have succeeded. The troubles in Northern Ireland are political, economic, cultural, and historic, but religious identity is what keeps the hatred alive. This one characteristic is the deciding factor of which side an Ulster resident supports in this 400-year old feud. These feuds are a result of the English invasions that took place many centuries ago (CQ Researcher 803)."
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Peter the Great, Modernism and the Great Northern War, 2002.
A review of the history of Russia's Imperial Czar, "Peter the Great" (Peter Naryshkin Alexis) and the significance of the events that took place during the Great Northern War.
1,650 words (approx. 6.6 pages), 4 sources, $ 62.95
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Abstract
This essay considers the influences of Modernism during the reign of Czar Peter I, specifically in the changes made to civil life, and military structures. Most effective and enduring of these changes was the development of a naval force, one that can be recognized as the central influence of the Russians during the Great Northern War.
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Northern Ireland as an 'Orange State', 2005.
Questions whether Northern Ireland was an 'Orange State' between 1920 and 1972.
1,188 words (approx. 4.8 pages), 7 sources, APA, $ 40.95
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Abstract
This paper argues that Northern Ireland was very much an Orange State between the years 1920 and 1972. It shows that both the composition of the government and the gerrymandering that enforced it guaranteed a Protestant monopoly on power. In addition to lacking proportional political representation, Catholics were controlled through the Special Powers Act and other selectively enforced legislation that was virtually never applied to Protestant activities. The paper is nationalistic in tone.
From the Paper
"By the end of 1920, the Specials were established. Membership overlapped with the UVF and the notorious B-specials (disbanded 1967) even retained the UVF's hierarchical structure. Although state security forces, as well as British forces, often acted in a partisan fashion, there was little alternative for another kind of force. Republicans could not be trusted in such a job and non-republican Catholics were unlikely to have been interested due to community pressure. When the police force finally did impose quotas for Catholic membership (after the period in question), Catholics applied in much smaller numbers."
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"Northern Lights", 2003.
An analysis of the symbolism of daemons in Philip Pullmans "Northern Lights".
854 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 0 sources, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how "Northern Lights" by Philip Pullman revolves around Lyra and her daemon Pantalaimon who are journeying North to rescue their friend Roger from an evil organization run by Lyra's estranged mother. It looks at how set in an alternate dimension, daemons are a huge factor in the story and evaluates how people and their daemons are connected and cannot survive apart. It shows how daemons can be considered our thoughts, feelings, personalities and consciences personified so that they can walk, talk and feel like us.
From the Paper
"Pantalaimon represents Lyra's soul in a visual form. He also acts as a conscience working in a visual manner. The 'shrill cries' represents the hidden pent up anger and secret fear that Lyra is experiencing. These emotions would normally be hidden from the reader if it was not for the daemon. These 'hidden emotions' bring us closer to the characters. 'Lyra had to stop herself crying out , and Pantalaimon fluttered his wings so sharply that the other girls noticed.' This shows that the characters also relate to each other using the daemons. I think that the girls would not have known Lyra's intimate feelings if it were not for Pantalaimons unstoppable jolts of emotions. This also allows us to see deeper into the character's emotions. The daemons express the truth about human nature."
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