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The Atomic Bomb, 2008. This paper discusses the atomic bomb and provides an analysis of its
moral implications. 1,359 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 45.95 »
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Abstract This paper relates that the atomic bomb has dramatically changed the world we live in and will continue to strike fear into the every day lives of civilians. The paper asserts that the making of the atomic bomb was inevitable, but the use of the atomic bomb was a mistake that will never be forgotten. The paper goes on to say that the atomic bombings of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945 ended the bloodiest war in human history, but Japan was on the verge of surrendering anyway, so there was no military justification for the use of these horrific weapons. The writer concludes that if humanity fails to break free from the vicious cycle of wars, atomic bombs will be used again, life on earth will end someday in one final conflagration and the final page of human history will never be written because no one will be left alive to write it.
From the Paper "Despite the fact that most Americans in 1945 considered these atomic attacks fully justified and felt no remorse for the massive death and destruction inflicted upon Hiroshima and Nagasaki, most Americans today have very different attitudes about the atomic bombings, and feel regret, shame, and revulsion when they think about the atomic attacks. Most of them believe that although the making of the atomic bomb was inevitable, it was a mistake to use atomic bombs against Japan."
"The Manhattan Project was established early in World War II because it was learned that Nazi Germany was intent upon building an atomic bomb. This political factor, combined with the relentless advance of scientific discoveries, made the development of atomic weapons inevitable. Consequently, a race to develop atomic bombs began, for they would be the ultimate weapon and whichever nation possessed them would be impossible to defeat."
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The Atomic Bomb, 2004. This paper discuses the development of the atomic bomb and the effects of dropping it on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 1,465 words (approx. 5.9 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 48.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the scope of the effect the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki had on modern warfare and science technology is visible only when taking into account the intense scientific processes to create these weapons of mass destruction. The author points out that, at the dawn of World War II, Albert Einstein sent a letter to President Franklin. D. Roosevelt about Nazi Germany's efforts to purify uranium-235, which he warned could result in the building of an atomic bomb. The paper relates that, soon after this letter, the U.S. government started the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb before the Germans. The author states that the bomb was tested successfully on July 1945 and, a month later, the first bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. The paper concludes that the atomic bomb was considered a "quick" and economical way to win the war; however, it was a cruel form of punishment for the Japanese citizens resulting in slow and painful deaths for many innocent Japanese. The paper includes graphs.
From the Paper "The most difficult part of the Manhattan Project was how to produce enough enriched Uranium to uphold a chain reaction. Uranium-235 was hard to extract. Only about 1/500th of Uranium ore mined ends up as Uranium metal. Of this metal, the fissionable isotope of Uranium is rare. Fissionable Uranium occurs at a ration of 1 to 139. Separating one part of Uranium-235 from 139 parts of Uranium-238 is challenging. Only mechanical methods could effectively separate the two. Scientists at Columbia University first figured out how. A facility to separate Uranium-235 was set up in Oak Ridge, Tennessee."
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Culture and the Atomic Bomb, 2007. This paper examines the effect of the atomic bomb on the U.S. with regards to politics and culture. 1,429 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 47.95 »
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Abstract In this article, the writer introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of the atomic bomb in U.S. history. Specifically, the writer analyzes the impact of the atomic bomb on American politics and culture in the decade-and-a-half after the explosion of the first Atomic weapon over Hiroshima. The writer notes that it changed the status of the United States in global politics and that it helped create the Cold War with the Soviet Union. Further the writer points out that it changed American culture almost overnight. The writer maintains that American politics would never be the same after the bombs exploded over Japan and notes that the threat of nuclear war still hangs over the globe today.
From the Paper "Magazines published graphic drawings of what to do in case of a nuclear attack, including the proper attire to protect from the "heat flash." While many things were changing in American culture, the roles of men and women were still quite distinct. Women had certain roles to fulfill in Civil Defense, such as hospital or medical work, driving cars, and childcare. Men, however, were more apt to serve as fire fighters, volunteer police, air-raid wardens, and rebuilding after an attack. As the country returned to normal after the war, women stayed home to raise the family, while men went off to work. It would take more than atomic bombs to change the acceptable roles women held in society, and it would not happen in the two decades following the bombing of Japan."
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The Manhattan Project: The Building of the Atomic Bomb, 2002. This research paper is a description of the progression of the Manhattan Project, the undercover name for the building of the first atomic bomb by scientists. 2,260 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 69.95 »
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Abstract This is a detailed study describing the progression of the Manhattan Project and the invention of the atomic bomb. The ?Manhattan Project? was a code name given to the efforts and collaboration of many scientists to build the first atom bomb. The author sees two major challenges that faced the team of highly capable scientists. The first was the actual production of the atom bomb. This involved actually making innovative discoveries that would revolutionize war and change man?s idea of war for good. The second involved all of the ethical debates on whether or not the bomb should have actually been used in warfare. The author concludes that the building of the atomic bomb proved to be the most pivotal advance seen by science up until the early twentieth century.
From the Paper "We have too many men of science, too few men of God. We have grasped the mystery of the atom and rejected the Sermon of the Mount...The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. We know more about war than we know about peace, more about killing than we know about living...? stated General Omar N. Bradley, Chief of Staff of the United States Army in 1948, voicing the opinion, shared by many of the time, towards the building of the atomic bomb. The ?Manhattan Project? was a code name given to the efforts and collaboration of many scientists to build the first atom bomb. There were two major challenges that faced the team of highly capable scientists. The first was the actual production of the atom bomb. This involved actually making innovative discoveries that would revolutionize war and change man?s idea of war for good. The second involved all of the ethical debates on whether or not the bomb should have actually been used in warfare. The project lasted from 1942-1946 and cost approximately 1.8 billion dollars, which is comparable to 20 billion dollars today. The building of the atomic bomb proved to be the most pivotal advance seen by science up until the early twentieth century."
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The Aftermath of the Atomic Bomb, 2003. This paper discuses the social and political aftermath of the dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 2,210 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 11 sources, MLA, $ 68.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that the people of Hiroshima and Nagasaki had no way to prepare themselves for either the immediate or the lasting effects of the dropping of the atomic bombs. The author points out that the release of energy from this bomb caused massive, unprecedented destruction from the extreme heat, the overpowering blast and dangerous radiation. The paper relates that many people, who feared the complete destruction of mankind as a result of nuclear weaponry, concluded that the only way to avoid this unimaginable catastrophe would be to avoid all wars, even small conflicts that could escalate into an atomic fight. The author relates that the American approach to diplomatic relations with Russia during the Cold War was highly influenced by the existence of the atomic bomb.
From the Paper "One Japanese Physician, Michihiko Hachiya, recalled in gruesome detail the moment the bomb destroyed his home. He and his wife suffered many injuries, and at several times he lost hope of surviving. He made it through the first day of chaotic post-bombing life. On the morning after the explosion, Hachiya wrote, "Everything was in a turmoil." Hachiya recovered and dedicated the next few months to helping other surviving victims of the explosion. Through the confusion of everything that was going on, he recalled, "One thing was for certain--Hiroshima was destroyed; and with it the army that had been quartered in Hiroshima.""
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Atomic Bombings on Japan, 2001. A persuasive paper arguing for the necessity of the atomic bombings on Japan to achieve American victory during WWII. 3,400 words (approx. 13.6 pages), 11 sources, $ 96.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses influencing factors on the decision to send atomic bombs on Japan during WWII. The author argues that atomic bombs used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were essential for America to win WWII.
From the Paper "The peaceful town of Hiroshima, Japan was beginning its day on the morning of August 6, 1945. Many Japanese were going to work or still in bed. The streets were bustling with bicycles. All at once, a flash of light was seen in the air. A deafening roar and fire hotter that the sun?s surface. ?Little Boy? exploded with the strength of twenty million tons of dynamite. The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan were necessary for the Allies to win the Second World War, according to their terms of unconditional surrender of Japan. In order to determine this, one must observe: One, the German Nazi?s example to Japan; two, the strife between Japan and the Allies; and three, the arguments given by Secretary of War Harry L. Stimson."
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The Atomic Bomb, 2005. This paper traces the development of the atomic bomb. 900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, $ 35.95 »
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Abstract This paper suggests that the development of the atomic bomb is arguably the most important technical innovation of the twentieth century. The author explains the technical achievement of the atomic bomb. The paper examines some of its socio-cultural effects, namely creating a world in which the end of all human civilization became a real possibility.
From the Paper "There will be no argument that the 20th century had been characterized by incredible technical innovation and invention. Perhaps more so than any century previously, the 20th century was a particularly ripe period for technology. At a rapidly accelerating pace, it seemed that inventors were creating new technologies that were important - and seemingly indispensable - the world over. However, there was one specific technological development during the 20th century whose development should be understood as more important and influential than the rest."
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The Atomic Bomb, 2006. An analysis of the implications of the use of the atomic bomb in World War II. 760 words (approx. 3.0 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 27.95 »
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Abstract This paper discusses the impact of the atomic bomb in World War II. According to this paper, the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan was not made lightly, but its use clearly had the desired effect as Japan surrendered unconditionally after two of its major cities had been devastated by such weapons.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Even before the United States was drawn into the Second World War, though, U.S. scientists had already become concerned that Germany's scientists and leaders who were familiar with new research on nuclear fission would succeed in building an atomic bomb. According to Wainstock (1996), "Concerned that Germany would develop it first, American scientists, with the help of Albert Einstein, persuaded President Franklin D. Roosevelt to undertake its development. Roosevelt entrusted the task, called the Manhattan Project, to a special unit of the Army Corps of Engineers headed by Major General Leslie R. Groves and J. Robert Oppenheimer, the distinguished physicist from the University of California" (p. 35). Ultimately, the Manhattan Project was a collaborative effort between the British and Americans to win this race against the Germans for the atomic bomb. "
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The Atomic Question, 2002. A paper that discusses whether the American decision to drop atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima was justified - and the future ramifications of this decision. 699 words (approx. 2.8 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 24.95 »
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Abstract This paper analyzes the consequences of the United States dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It discusses this in light on future developments in the arms race, the cold war and world hysteria of the nuclear bomb. It states the opinion the Americans have double standards when it comes to this issue because they are the only country ever to have used atomic warfare and at the same time have always lead the nuclear disarmemant war.
From the Paper "The United States? decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan in WWII was motivated by a desire for a decisive victory, an unnecessary act against a country that was would have surrendered without the use of the bomb, and a disturbing use of force that created worldwide fear and horror about the use of nuclear weapons. The bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the United States were justified by the American government as a reasonable means to bring a quick end to a bloody and long war that had engulfed the world for years. However, critics have argued that dropping the bombs was a completely unnecessary act, as a beleaguered Japan would have surrendered to the United States within days, even if the bombs had never been dropped. Further, critics argued that the United States? decision was ultimately motivated by a political desire to assert itself as a military and political power. Further, the bombing is now often seen as one of the cornerstone events that led to worldwide hysteria and fear about the effects of nuclear weapons that developed in the time of the Cold War between the United States and the U.S.S.R. Ultimately, given these important considerations, the United States should not have dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki."
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President Truman and the Atomic Bomb, 2006. Explores the importance and significance of President Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. 2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, $ 80.95 »
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Abstract When President Harry S Truman received a report on the effects of the atomic bomb dropped by American pilot Colonel Paul Tibbets on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, he said: "This is the greatest thing in history." This paper considers whether the atomic bomb that was dropped on the city of Hiroshima was really the greatest thing in history, as President Truman said according to the quote, or whether it was the most terrible crime in history.
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The Atomic Bomb, 2002. A study of the development of the atomic bomb. 1,280 words (approx. 5.1 pages), 7 sources, MLA, $ 43.95 »
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Abstract This paper introduces and discusses the atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan to end World War II. It examines how the bombs were developed, the use of the bombs and what their effect has been on the world.
From the Paper "Numerous scientists contributed to the development of the atomic bomb with discoveries in several areas, such as physics, mathematics, radium, and more. Albert Einstein's E=mc2 helped physicists discover the speed and mass of atoms, and Eve Curie's discovery of radium gave them the material to make the bomb. The discoveries went on and on for several decades, and eventually, scientists realized they could create a devastating weapon."
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Atomic Theory, 2002. This paper compares two 17th century physicists, Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton and their contributions to atomic theory. 1,900 words (approx. 7.6 pages), 2 sources, $ 71.95 »
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Abstract This paper explores the ideas of Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton about the composition of matter, which contributed to atomic theory.
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The Atomic Force Microscope, 2005. This paper describe the atomic force microscope (AFM) and its functions. 2,200 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 10 sources, MLA, $ 68.95 »
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Abstract This paper explains that there are several different types of atomic force microscopes, which are used at very close ranges and without a lens, that operate by measuring a local property, whether height, optical absorption or magnetism, by using a probe placed very close to the sample. The author points out that AFMs constitute a subset within the larger group known as scanning-probe microscopes, which can utilize many different types of tips. The paper relates that the accuracy of the AFM depends on the state of the tip and a worn tip can produce blurred images resulting in the recent development of an automatic tip evaluation system showing when the tip needs to be replaced.
From the Paper "Kevin Kjoller considers how to measure the true resolving power of an atomic force microscope, noting first that resolution means the same as it does for an optical microscope, meaning the minimum distance between two adjacent objects that a microscope can identify as separate. Kjoller complains that most manufacturers substitute some meaningless term for resolution and ignore the reality. Several issues need to be considered, such as the size of the probe and three types of limiting noise, electrical, mechanical, and acoustic. Kjoller defines electrical noise as "the sum of the thermal and operating noise from all components inside the AFM electronics, including any noise due to cross-talk and less-than-optimal grouping.""
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The Use of the Atomic Bomb, 2005. Considers the conditions affecting Truman's decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan. 956 words (approx. 3.8 pages), 6 sources, MLA, $ 33.95 »
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Abstract This paper traces the events leading up the United States' decision to use the atomic bomb on Japanese islands in 1945, thus ending the Second World War. The author considers what he would have done in event that he had to make the decision of dropping the bomb.
From the Paper "As history has later revealed, the death toll from the atomic weapons unleashed on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki totaled over 100,000 in the initial blast alone. The figures are of course uncertain as all census data was obliterated in the explosions. However it is estimated that, counting all later damages from cancer and radiation exposure, by 1976, over one million Japanese citizens had been killed by the use of the atomic bomb. (Damages)"
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World War II and the Atomic Bomb, 2007. This paper examines the history and moral issues of the atomic bombs dropped on Japan during World War II. 1,257 words (approx. 5.0 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 42.95 »
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Abstract This paper describes the atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The writer gives statistics in order to highlight the devastation. Also included is an eye-witnesses' testimony. The paper concludes by posing moral questions about the bombing of innocent civilians.
From the Paper "It was on August 6th, in the year 1945, at 8.15 AM, Japanese time, that the United States of America dropped its first ever atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, so that its usefulness to the enemy could be completely destroyed. According to the then President of the United States, the bomb "...had more power than 20,000 tones of TNT ", and it was also infinitely more powerful than the blast power that the British Grand Slam, purportedly the largest bomb in the history of the world, had. The immediate and direct consequence of the bomb was that more than four square miles of the entire city of Hiroshima were completely and irrevocably destroyed, 66,000 people were killed instantaneously, and 69,000 more were seriously injured. Three days later, another atomic bomb, equally powerful, was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, Japan, and this bomb managed to destroy about 1.5 square miles of the city, and kill about 39,000 people, while injuring 25,000 more. The very next day, the Japanese government asked to surrender, under the 'Potsdam Declaration'. "
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