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International Capital Markets, 2008.
A review of the current international capital markets versus those in the 19th century.
4,726 words (approx. 18.9 pages), 17 sources, APA, $ 121.95
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Abstract
The paper compares the 19th century capital markets, whose stability resulted from the trust in the gold standard, with capital markets today, which provide the means to raise capital for all ventures. The paper notes that investments in the products available in the capital markets help generate funds and stabilize interest rates and are an indicator of the status of the economy. The paper further notes that, unlike the colonial past, the modern economies that are developing need special care regarding the effects of the capital on states labor. In comparison with the 19th century market which was good, the present international capital market is in chaos. The paper concludes that while the modern international capital markets has great problems, it is unique to the present, and cannot be compared to the economy that was based on a colonial world, although some economic features seem to be common in both
Outline:
Introduction
International Capital Market in the Nineteenth Century
Transition from the Old to the New
The Post War Economy and Globalization
International Capital Market - Analysis
Globalization and the International Capital Market
Comparison of both the Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper
"During the depression of 1920 and the Second World War, the system collapsed. Post war activity was more in direct investment and the United States has emerged as a more powerful player. The post war scenario witnessed the entire capital surplus of the nineteenth and twentieth century evaporates. The capital market has come back to the operative state ever since 1972 and is growing to the state it was in the nineteenth century. The amount of capital flow in the globe in the nineteenth century shows that the market was well organized at that period. The capital market integration was also taking place within the countries that participated during the period. (O'Rourke H; Williamson, 1999) "The integration of capital markets is usually tested with an interest rate arbitrage model even though much different financial assets must be compared."
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International Financial Markets: Investment and Speculation, 2001.
A look at the effects of international markets and trade as a result of globalization and advanced technology.
2,180 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 8 sources, $ 67.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the impacts of international financial markets and the way these have impacted world economies and trade.
From the Paper
"As monetary, political, trade and other restrictions are eased in countries all over the world, more investors find themselves able to contemplate maximizing their returns in international financial markets or on foreign companies listed on domestic exchanges ? the capital markets have become global; currently, more than 300 companies from fifty countries trade their shares on the NYSE, and are worth about ten percent of the market value of U.S. equities (International Monetary Fund, 1999)."
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Culture and International Marketing Strategies, 2004.
An exploration of the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies.
2,881 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 24 sources, MLA, $ 85.95
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Abstract
This paper examines how, as increasing numbers of businesses look to expand and develop their consumer and market base through the internationalisation of their operations, managers are recognising the importance of effective international marketing to counter the increased levels of uncertainty and complexity. It focuses specifically on the role of culture in the formulation of international marketing strategies, using a number of examples to highlight the points raised. Firstly, international marketing strategies are considered in more detail, followed by an exploration of the concept of culture and its influence on international marketing strategies.
Outline
Introduction
What are International Marketing Strategies?
Understanding Culture
The Role of Culture in International Marketing Strategy Formulation
Hofstede?s Five Dimensions
Hall and Hall?s High-Low Context
Direct Influence on Marketing Mix
Product
Price
Place
Promotion
Importance of Ethics
Critiquing the Role of Culture
Conclusions
References
Appendix 1
From the Paper
"Since value judgements vary between and within cultures, perceptions of what constitutes acceptable behaviour also differ: for example a gift in one country may be considered a bribe in another (Cateora and Ghauri, 2000; Doole and Lowe, 2001). Kotabe and Helsen (2004 p.171) highlight the significance of this for international marketers who ?must understand and respect cultural subtleties, whilst finding the limits of ethical behaviour?; since a company?s ethical stance may affect its ability to do business in some countries. For example, Motorola?s lengthy ?Code of Business Conduct?, sets out standards for accepted behaviour throughout the organisation (see www.motorola.com). They recognise the ?ethical legitimacy? of gift-giving in Japan, but decline to ?participate in the practice? (Hamilton and Knouse, 2001 p.87). This allows the company to show respect for Japanese culture, whilst maintaining its own corporate values. Similarly, consideration should be given to product usage and production processes, which may not be appropriate in certain cultures or environments."
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International Marketing, 2008.
A comparison of international marketing and domestic marketing over the past three decades.
4,856 words (approx. 19.4 pages), 20 sources, APA, $ 123.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the study of international marketing and domestic marketing. It describes each type of marketing and then discusses the last three decades of changes and the most important phenomena driving international and global marketing today. Finally the paper looks at the three basic differences between domestic and international operations.
Table of Contents:
The Study of International and Domestic Marketing
Changes And Phenomena Driving International And Global Marketing
Differences between International Marketing and Domestic Marketing
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Cable & Satellite television, and more lately DTH has also helped in shaping commonality across buying habits and preferences. In case of international marketing all environments are required to be considered at the time when the marketing plan is developed and being executed. Attention has to be accorded to legal climate, governmental controls, climate & weather, cultural beliefs and behavior of buyers. The various popular modes of international market entry adopted are 'piggybacking', franchising and licensing each suited to the present marketing need of the company. The various HR capabilities built in International marketing comprises the Business Manager, the Country Manager, the Functional Manager and the Corporate Manager. In international marketing, identification, conceptualization and assimilation are the stages in which new ideas take shape. The three fundamental differences emerge between domestic and international operations from differences in the environment. International operations are usually portrayed by more uncertainty. Secondly, cost factor would be high in formulating and managing the information network required for fulfilling this objective. Thirdly, a considerable amount of time and endeavor are spent at the head office while attempting to find out the decisions which can be ideally centralized."
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International Marketing Planning, 2005.
This paper discusses the elements of international marketing planning to global or Euro-consumers, especially in the hospitality industry.
3,045 words (approx. 12.2 pages), 4 sources, APA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that the emergence of the global consumer or Euro-consumer can be attributed to the marketing activities of large multi-national organizations, rather than changes in consumer behavior; however, at the same time, more and more businesses have begun to market internationally because of the emergence of the global and Euro-consumer. The paper stresses that the major issues in designing international marketing campaigns are price, including the cost of transportation, tariffs, importer, wholesaler and retailer margins in addition to the factory price and the promotional process in which the main issue is communication adaptation. The paper states that the international hospitality industry has responded to and created global trends by solving consumer demands, such as easy purchase, last-minute bookings and non-conventional tourism, by using the internet for books, providing in-room guest portal services and eco-tourism.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Global or Euro-consumer
International Marketing Planning
International Marketing Techniques
Has the International Hospitality Industry Responded to or Created Global Trends?
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Ultimately, the world is undergoing unprecedented social and cultural changes as global trade in consumer goods begins a new phase of expansion. Global communications media and cheap air travel have reduced the costs of cross-cultural connections of all kinds, increasing trade, tourism, and consumerism to new levels -- and bringing about the emergence of the global and Euro-consumers. At the same time, following the collapse of the Eastern Bloc communist countries, capitalism has become more omnipresent, less nationally-limited, and more influential all over the globe. All of these occurrences have contributed (along with mass marketing campaigns) to the development and emergence of the global and Euro-consumers. Now that the global and Euro-consumer has emerged, multinational organizations direct their marketing accordingly to meet the changes in consumer behavior."
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International Markets and Change, 2006.
A discussion on the changes needed within a company expanding its markets internationally.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 0 sources, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper covers Riordan Manufacturing as it expands into the market in Malaysia. The paper notes that the company will have to be restructured, to some degree, in order to accommodate the new areas of responsibility while maintaining the business organization that already exists. It explains that any redesign of the organization will extend the reach of the company from its current domestic operation to the new Malaysian operation, allowing for the needed degree of control to be exercised from the U.S. office.
From the Paper
"As Riordan Manufacturing expands into the market in Malaysia, the company will have to be restructured to some degree in order to accommodate the new areas of responsibility while maintaining the business organization that already exists. Any redesign of the organization will extend the reach of the company from its current domestic operation to the new Malaysian operation, allowing for the needed degree of control to be exercised from the U.S. office. Currently, such control can best be exercised by the implementation of an IT system that links the two offices by computer and that allows instant communication between the two."
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International Marketing, 2008.
A review and comparison on whether international and domestic marketing principles are the same.
2,930 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 18 sources, APA, $ 86.95
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Abstract
The paper states that although the definitions of international marketing and domestic marketing suggest they are fundamentally different, the same forces that have been driving globalization have introduced challenges for marketing executives seeking to remain competitive in this increasingly globalized marketplace that have clouded the differences between these two distinct marketing functions. The paper highlights the research which shows that both domestic and international marketing involve many of the same considerations, but there are some important differences that must be taken into account as well. This paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to show that while the international and domestic marketing are different in some ways, they share some commonalities that suggest they are more alike than different. The paper presents a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion.
Outline:
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper
"As Hart and Tzokas (1999) emphasize, though, the majority of the research to date concerning the nature of marketing information and its relationship to business performance has been directed at the relationship between domestic markets and domestic marketing. These authors point out that, "In international marketing, it has been argued that the increased uncertainty posed by extending business to an unfamiliar market with unfamiliar environmental conditions intensifies the need for marketing information" (p. 63). Likewise, as Birley and Macmillan (1997) point out, some companies attempt to compete in domestic marketplaces that are highly controlled while also attempting to compete in international markets that are highly competitive, with some predictably mixed results."
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International Marketing, 2007.
This paper presents an international marketing strategy for drink production.
2,163 words (approx. 8.7 pages), 15 sources, MLA, $ 67.95
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Abstract
The paper explains that for any company wishing to operate successfully in the long term, it is important to enter international markets and this will allow the company to become more competitive in their internal markets too. The subject research is targeted at estimating possible possibilities for a high fiber health drink to be marketed in the Ukraine. The research evaluates the internal and external market conditions and, based on the results, the paper offers the right marketing mix, states the financial objectives for the company wishing to enter this market and offers a step-by-step activity plan for the management with possible market capacity estimation.
From the Paper
"The company X produces non-alcoholic beverages targeted at middle income purchasers operating in Sweden, Denmark, Germany and some other European countries where it possesses more than 40% of the market share for non-alcoholic drinks and 60% of the market share for non-sweetened non-alcoholic drinks. As in the recent past the company started experiencing problems with retaining this great market share due to entrance to the market of some cheaper aggressive brands offering thus better deals to the company, it has decided to look for outside opportunities for the products which have proven to be very attractive for numerous years for the sophisticated European clients."
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International Financial Markets - Investment and Speculation, 2002.
A discussion on what investors today want to see on a global basis, how markets reflect discounts from their highs and stock purchases in highly discounted markets as an overall strategy.
2,190 words (approx. 8.8 pages), 8 sources, APA, $ 68.95
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Abstract
An examination of the many factors investors in global stock markets will have to consider in the next millennium, including whether the value of their shares is driven by the rational estimation of future corporate earnings or whether mass psychology and speculative mania drive the value of their investments. The writer contends that in either case, factors of risk, globalization, currency, regulation and trade will come into play, either in consideration of their effects on social factors, or in the possible or probable profitability of any stock or stock market in an increasingly international environment.
From the Paper
?As monetary, political, trade and other restrictions are eased in countries all over the world, more investors find themselves able to contemplate maximizing their returns in international financial markets or on foreign companies listed on domestic exchanges ? the capital markets have become global; currently, more than 300 companies from fifty countries trade their shares on the NYSE, and are worth about ten percent of the market value of U.S. equities (International Monetary Fund, 1999).Growth in foreign trade and financial activities has rapidly led to closer integration of financial markets around the world. Deregulation, privatization and liberalization has led to an increasing number of markets, banks and brokerage firms, and increased the volume of asset exchange and ownership on a global scale. Facilitated by technology allowing for real-time trading all over the world, globalization of financial and trade markets has been a source of economic growth and prosperity for investors, countries and corporate entities in even the remotest developing areas.?
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International Stock Markets and Electronic Trading Systems, 2001.
In this paper the author develops a conceptual scheme by extending on Castells, Giddens and other IT literature to investigate the dangers of using ICT.
12,500 words (approx. 50.0 pages), 50 sources, $ 239.95
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Abstract
This study considers the changes in the functioning and roles of international stock markets. It reviews the history of the London and New York Stock exchanges. A greater number of Asian exchanges are included in this research, because of the significant growth in stock market activity in that region over the past decade. The functioning of stock markets is considered in terms of both structure and technological innovation. The current scenario and emerging trends within stock markets is also reviewed along with an investigation into current electronic trading systems. Intermediaries of electronic trading systems such as day trading are also considered. The argument then focuses on financial networks and the use of complex technology within the financial sphere along with the dangers of ICT. Recent cases of hoaxes, system failures and rogue trading are then analyzed while considering the role of ICT either as a catalyst or a direct cause of such crashes and losses. Furthermore, the case analysis used concludes that further research is required to substantiate this argument and makes some practical recommendations that stock exchanges and other electronic trading systems that can be considered while implementing ICT.
From the Paper
"The integration of stock exchanges and ICT has played a key role in the development of global financial networks. But the link between stock market crashes, insider trading, hoaxes, fraudulent practices and the role of ICT as the cause of such activity is poorly understood."
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International Marketing, 2005.
This paper presents an overview of international marketing, especially in Japan.
3,505 words (approx. 14.0 pages), 9 sources, APA, $ 98.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that marketing is a complex process which is compounded by the necessity to communicate internationally, not just by knowing the language but, even more importantly, by becoming acquainted with local customs. The paper points out that the key to internationalizing and removing barriers is to abstain from the postures of "the ugly American"; even in the emerging Third World nations, the day of being able to treat foreigners almost as "little brothers" is over; therefore, international marketers must be prepared for 'cultural mega-shock'. The paper stresses that today's marketing management must be set up to network and communicate with every level of every department, including international markets, involved in the production and marketing of new products to eliminate costly errors at the outset and to speed the product to market.
From the Paper
"Each country presents a different challenge, and the product attributes must be carefully weighed, assembled and only then presented for distribution and sale. Even such aspects as "store hours" must be considered in shaping distribution advertising, even packaging, to specific countries. Sunday grocery openings are only recently permitted in Germany for example. There are few, if any, of the American-type supermarkets which remain open 24-hours. So, a food product's attributes, for example, may be in long shelf life in the consumer's kitchen, or refrigerator. There might be an idea to package an economy "weekend size" of milk or bread, or other important food products."
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International Stock Markets, 1994.
A look at the historical background, changes in functions in the 1990s, structure and performance and technological innovations.
2,250 words (approx. 9.0 pages), 28 sources, $ 79.95
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From the Paper
"Changes in the Functioning and Roles of International Stock Markets
Introduction
This research reviews changes in the functioning and roles of international stock markets. The New York Stock Exchange serves as the vehicle to discuss North American stock markets, while the London Stock Exchange fulfills a similar role for European stock markets. A greater number of Asian exchanges are included in this research because of the significant growth in stock market activity in that region over the past decade. The functioning of stock markets is considered in terms of both structure and technological..."
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International Marketing--Dragons Don't Wear Nikes, 2005.
A discussion on international marketing strategy with a focus on Nike.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 7 sources, $ 115.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses international marketing strategy and several shortcomings of current strategies. Particularly, standardized approaches to global marketing across markets are examined as being rife with potential cultural hazards. A segmented marketing strategy is offered as an alternative because it focuses on depth rather than breadth. Nike is utilized as an example of an MNC that is victim of a standardized marketing approach.
From the Paper
"When moving from a national to an international market, one of the primary issues in developing a marketing plan and a strategy to execute on the plan is the ability to integrate the cultural characteristics of the target market into the plan. While the need for such consideration might seem self-evident there is still a significant percentage of the business community that enters foreign markets without proper due diligence and the results can prove catastrophic at worst and embarrassing at best. Some debate exists whether market research deserves its own separate business emphasis in marketing strategy: "the topic of business communication requires an independent research agenda about intercultural interaction. Indeed, research has paid little attention to the quality of persuasive documents used in international business..."(Hoeken et al, 2003, para.2). "
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International Marketing, 2004.
This paper discusses the challenges that are faced by international marketing managers and the need for cultural sensitivity.
1,356 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 47.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the challenges that are faced by international marketing managers and the need for cultural sensitivity. The paper explains about targeting specific markets, a marketing mix and globalization.
From the Paper
"International Marketing Challenges. The international marketing function will face a number of new and dynamic challenges in the 21st century One of the defining qualities of a 21st century international marketing manager is that he or she must be sensitive to cultural differences in each market the company they represents sells into in order to be successful. An effective marketing manager will understand different tastes and lifestyles as well as different cultural norms and will incorporate all of this information into the marketing program."
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International Marketing Campaigns (IMC), 2005.
This paper discusses the ethical challenges in international marketing campaigns (IMC).
860 words (approx. 3.4 pages), 3 sources, APA, $ 30.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that, when developing an international marketing campaign (IMC) in a global and diverse competitive environment, one of the first challenges is that different nations across the world embrace different standards of ethical advocacy and regulate marketing and advertising in different ways. The author points out that taking advantage of a country's greater overall naivete or less stringent government regulations regarding the divulging of information, such as cigarette warning labels, might be effective marketing but hardly ethical. The paper relates that a country, which is tolerant of its own national corporations' foibles, might be less tolerant of a United States company engaged in similar practices.
From the Paper
"The increased scrutiny to such 'word of mouth' campaigns in the American media made such an ethical manifesto a necessity for companies to embrace, rather than a free ethical choice. In other European nations, such as Canada and the United Kingdom, cynicism about marketing practices runs equally high. A 2003 Daily Telegraph newspaper poll in the UK found "on a net trust rating (calculated by subtracting the negative percentage score from the positive) ministers in government came out with a lamentable score of minus 49 per cent and directors who run large companies fared even worse, being right at the bottom with minus 56 per cent." But what should one do in the case of marketing to a nation where a technique of water cooler buzz by paid advocates in ordinary offices is not so scrutinized, and ethical standards by marketing executives are notably, and acceptably more lax?"
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