| Papers [1-15] of 16 :: [Page 1 of 2] | | Go to page : 1 2 —> | Search results on "ART FORGERY": |
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The "Art" of Art Forgery, 2002.
Shows that forgery is more than just a copying process, involving complex techniques found in art.
2,900 words (approx. 11.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 106.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the skill involved in producing 'true' forgeries within the world of art. It is stressed that the forger is to be seen as an artist, in that he or she must sometimes enter the mind of the original artist, master his or her techniques,and otherwise execute works that can withstand the expert eye. Forgery is a normal aspect of the art world.
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The Piltdown Forgery, 2005.
Details the Piltdown Forgery in which an amateur archaeologist planted fake skull and jaw bones and managed to fool the scientific world.
1,013 words (approx. 4.1 pages), 9 sources, MLA, $ 35.95
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Abstract
In 1912, Charles Dawson, an amateur archaeologist, revealed to some of his scientific friends that he had found a curious skull in a gravel pit near Piltdown, England. The case of the Piltdown Man turned out to be one of the greatest hoaxes of the 20th century. The paper shows that, allegedly, the unearthing of these fragments was proof that man evolved from apes. The human brain case and the ape-like jaw fit the theory of the day, which held that the brain would evolve faster than the body. The ruse was to create the "missing link" and thus prove Darwin's theory. The paper traces the events of the forgery and its implications on the scientific world after it was discovered to be a hoax. The paper includes illustrations.
From the Paper
"In conclusion, The Piltdown Forgery was a deception with far reaching tentacles. Whether it was Dawson, Hinton, Theilhard or Woodward, the effects of this deception still cast doubts on legitimate archeological finds. This however is advantageous for both the anthropological and archeological communities. It requires science to base its discoveries on pure science rather than raw emotion. The moral of Piltdown is that science is fallible and human passions sometimes overshadow the facts. Occasionally, science does not always take the most direct route in fulfilling its aim of understanding nature."
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Digital Photography Forgery, 2002.
An overview of digital photography and technology including the ethics of their use in forgery.
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 5 sources, $ 35.95
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Abstract
This paper is on the effects of digital photography and technology. What are the ethics of photography that has been changed or in effect forged in different ways. What are the ethics of resurrecting dead celebrities for use in television and films?
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The Art of the Past, 2007.
An analysis of John Berger's "Ways of Seeing" and Orson Welles' "F For Fake", discussing the history of art.
1,712 words (approx. 6.8 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 55.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the essay by John Berger, "Ways of Seeing" and the video by Orson Welles, "F for Fake". The paper discusses the history of art and how it has changed over the years. It discusses forgeries and how paintings can be viewed by people using their senses, as opposed to just what they physically see on the canvas. The paper concludes that we need art from the past in order to guide us how to act in the present.
From the Paper
"Berger demonstrates the change of perception to a particular image to his reader through the painting by Van Gogh. In this painting we have a peaceful outlook which is misrepresented by words into a most violent scenario when we read that this was the last work that Van Gogh painted before he ended his life. In some way words and paintings can never exist in complete harmony and nevertheless we can not have one without the other. Berger is also worried of that fact that when we see images, we often be likely to mystify them with the usage of money-oriented or acquisitive objects."
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Aesthetics and Ethics, 2006.
Examines the aesthetic value of forged art and the ethics surrounding this issue.
2,392 words (approx. 9.6 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 73.95
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Abstract
When discussing the philosophy of art, the issue of forgeries is a standard component. Oftentimes this component includes the component of whether or not forgeries have any sort of aesthetic merit. A work of art, forged or not, could have some element of beauty, and therefore have some aesthetic value. This paper questions whether the knowledge that it is a forgery detracts from this value and whether the fact that a piece of art is a forgery immediately removes it from aesthetic consideration. The paper also questions in what ways forgeries and fakes are detrimental to the art market and whether fakes and forgeries offer any intrinsic benefits for the market.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Aesthetics Defined
Ethics Defined
Does Forgery Affect the Aesthetic Value of a Piece of Visual Artwork?
Forgeries and Their Effect on the Art Market
Conclusion
References
From the Paper
"A forgery is typically created to attribute a piece of artwork to a person who did not create it, in hopes of making money. The primary fault with forgeries is that they not only misrepresent the piece of art's origin, but also misrepresent the achievement of the artist's performance (Dutton, 1979). It is not that the forgery artist's work is not worthy of aesthetic value, it indeed may be as in the case of van Meegeren, however the level of achievement must be adjusted for the individual challenges, or lack of challenges, that that particular artist faced in the creation of the forgery, to determine its value."
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"Vortigern" by William Henry Ireland, 2000.
An examination of the 18th Century forgery of a play by Ireland which he claimed to be by Shakespeare with a Freudian analysis of the forger/author's motivations and intentions.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 12 sources, $ 71.95
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From the Paper
"This research will examine the eighteenth-century forgery of a purported play by Shakespeare, Vortigern, as well as other documents relating to or supposedly written by Shakespeare, by one William Henry Ireland, the only son of a London engraver, Samuel Ireland. What motivated W.H. Ireland to produce a whole range of Shakespeareana seems most credibly attributed to what are today known as oedipal issues between parent and child. Young Ireland appears to have had the misfortune of being born into a family in which the father-son relationship was strained by ambiguity of affection and parental identity, and complicated by evidence of his father Samuel Ireland's obsession with the life and work of Shakespeare, as well as with a more general project of upward-class mobility. The range of issues dealing with the ambiguity of family relationships in the Ireland household can be seen..."
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Amerigo Vespucci?s Letters, 2004.
A detailed discussion about whether Amerigo Vespucci?s letters were authentic or forgeries and yellow journalism.
3,850 words (approx. 15.4 pages), 3 sources, MLA, $ 105.95
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Abstract
This paper analyzes the very real possibility that Amerigo Vespucci did not write all of the copy in the published letters that were attributed to him. The paper contends that Vespucci may have originally written portions of those letters, but their final form was likely edited and blatantly expanded upon by unscrupulous individuals seeking profit rather than the promotion of legitimate history.
From the Paper
"Indeed, in the first place, Vespucci most certainly did not, and in particular, this paper attempts to show, could not have penned the frequently tawdry and lewd-laced letters that were attributed to him. Moreover, beyond the sex-saturated, kinky copy mixed in with the quasi-anthropological information in his letters, there are so many inconsistencies in style and reporting the letters smack of falseness. If Vespucci didn?t write ? or final edit ? the letters as they exist today, then who did?"
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Computer Crime, 2002.
A discussion of the actions that can contribute to the offense known as computer crime and what can be done.
1,379 words (approx. 5.5 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 46.95
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Abstract
This paper examines the issues related to computer crime. Computer crime is defined as mean crimes that can?t exist without computers such as forgery and pornography. It looks at how it is a serious problem for business and industry, how commercial entities have to be continually vigilant the most current ways they can protect themselves from computer crime.
Outline
What is computer crime?
Real computer crimes. Can?t exist without a computer.
Altering websites
Disabling or impairing function of website
Unauthorized use
Viruses, Trojan horses, worms, etc.
Harassment/stalking
Forged email or bulletin board posts
Malicious attacks on a person?s character (libel)
Pseudo-computer crimes. Can be done with or without a computer.
Examples:
Child pornography
Forgery
How widespread is it?
Statistics
Examples of crimes:
Who commits these crimes?
?A disgruntled employee
?computer voyeurs?
Laws regarding computer crime
Federal
State
There is wide variation in state statutes on computer crime in the USA
Traditional criminal law in the USA places a great deal of emphasis on willful or intentional conduct
Inadequate enforcement
FBI?s role
International
Conclusion: need for continued vigilance
From the Paper
"Computer crime is a serious problem for United States businesses. The computer Security Institute does yearly surveys and has found that 90% of those who responded to their survey experienced security breaches within the last year, resulting in loss of in come in four out of five cases. A little over 50% of the respondents revealed how much money they had lost, and it came to nearly $455 million. Most of the businesses found their internet connection the most frequent attack site, but 33% reported attacks on their internal computer systems 91)."
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Forensics Science, 2005.
This paper discusses the various techniques used in forensic science, which is any part of science related to the law.
4,595 words (approx. 18.4 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 119.95
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Abstract
This paper relates that, although forensic science appears to be a recent development, the modern medical-legal tactic to criminal investigations started in 12th century England when King Richard I enacted the "Office of the Coroner". The author points out that the scientific analysis of evidence left at the scene of a crime such as blood, semen, shreds of clothing, hair, weapons, tire treads and other physical evidence can seem more compelling to a jury than the evidence of eyewitnesses. The paper states that the purpose of crime scene investigation is to help understand what happened and to recognize the responsible person while carefully documenting the conditions at a crime scene and distinguishing all relevant physical evidence for further analysis.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Forensic Techniques
Firearms and Tool Mark Identification
Bullet Matching
Tool mark Evidence
Forensic Psychiatry
Profiling
Examination of Questioned Documents
Handwriting Analysis
Forgery
Scientific Evidence
Personal Identification
Fingerprints
DNA
Other Disciplines
Forensic Photography
Fracture Match
Crime Scene Documentation
Chain of Custody
Locard's Exchange Principal
Entomology
Blood Spatters
Soil
Glass
Crime Scene Investigation
Forensics in Courtroom
Validity of Forensic Evidence--Some Doubts
Conclusion
From the Paper
"Few areas of examination at trial can seem as intimidating as the prospect of taking on the prosecution's forensic experts. Crime lab reports seem to have this aura of invincibility about them that lead few trial lawyers to tackle their conclusions head on in front of a jury. Maybe it is because some part of us thinks that the reported results are based upon "science", and science, in turn, can be empirically experienced. Hence, we reason, if the stuff can be checked, no lab technician would put things in their report that could easily be shown to be incorrect. Alternatively, maybe, it is because we simply don't understand how tremendously vulnerable to challenge the crime lab work product really is."
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The James Ossuary, 2006.
This paper discusses the James Ossuary and the question of its authenticity.
775 words (approx. 3.1 pages), 4 sources, MLA, $ 27.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that an ossuary is a bone box, which is often used for the purposes of reburial; the James Ossuary, which was found in 2002, bore the inscription "James, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus". The author points out that, from the beginning, there was a great deal of controversy surrounding the discovery of this particular ossuary especially the fact that the James ossuary was not found by qualified archaeologists. The paper concludes that, while it was from the first century, the inscription on the ossuary was a forgery.
From the Paper
"The author [of "Jesus and the Ossuaries"] explains that, since the James ossuary was not found by archaeologists in a properly controlled environment and because of the historic inscription that it bore, there was a great deal of skepticism surrounding its authenticity. The author asserts that initially examinations of the ossuary by epigraphers, geologists, linguists and paleographers, found that the ossuary itself was probably an authentic first century artifact. In addition, they concluded that the inscription was also first century Aramaic."
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Information Security.
This paper discusses the legal issues of information security in many countries, especially New Zealand.
3,085 words (approx. 12.3 pages), 15 sources, APA, $ 90.95
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Abstract
This paper explains that more legislation is needed to specifically address areas of information security. New Zealand's most recent legislation on computer crime, the Crimes Amendment Act of 2003, lends legal coverage for the genre of typical computer crimes, but does not address how to apply these laws in the real world. The author points out that Belgium has a specific law addressing computer forgery, computer fraud, hacking, and sabotage, making them criminal offenses; unauthorized access of a computer system carries a sentence of imprisonment of three months to one year, and if this crime is committed with the intention to defraud, the term of imprisonment may be from six months to two years. The paper relates that People's Republic of China's law, which criminalizes unauthorized surveillance of information systems, imposes a fine in the amount of one to three times as much as the amount of the illegal income, and the confiscation of illegal income from these sales.
From the Paper
"In particular, New Zealand companies have faced severe information security threats and resulting legal challenges, which the New Zealand government has addressed through legislation. Even as recent as 1997, New Zealand has faced difficulties with prosecuting information technology crimes as a result of a lack of Parliament Acts that provide laws relating to information technology crimes. Before the introduction of Acts between 2003 and 2004, prosecutions were attempted using laws that were designed before computers were commonplace and did not adequately address the advancements in information technology."
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Cybercrime, 2004.
An analysis of cybercrime, with a focus on the investigative and punitive aspects.
3,034 words (approx. 12.1 pages), 12 sources, MLA, $ 89.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses the issues involved in cybercrime and provides suggestions how to investigate and prosecute offenders. The paper describes the efforts made by the Council of Europe to combat cybercrime. The paper states that a nation must create its own laws regarding various types of cybercrime, including illegal access, illegal interception of electronic communications, data interference, system interference, misuse of devices, computer-related forgery and fraud, child pornography, copyright, aiding or abetting, and corporate liability.
Outline
History of European Efforts
Parallel Initiatives
Limits to the Convention?s Requirements
Essential Investigative Elements
Equating ISPs with Telecommunications Companies
U.S. Freedom of Speech Laws
Cybercrime Determinations
Serious Harm
Dual Criminality
When is a Crime a Crime?
Another Agency Is Needed
Conclusion
From the Paper
"While the European Union is the body most in the news, it is by no means the oldest such body involved in dealing with criminal activities in Europe. The Council of Europe (CoE) is older, having been established in 1949 to uphold and strengthen human rights and to promote democracy and the rule of law in Europe. Since then, its 44 member states, often with the cooperation of the United States, have been branching out beyond that mandate (FAQs, U.S. Department of Justice Web site 2003). The organization, far more than the United Nations or the European Union, has begun to tackle the issues involved in cybercrime, as well as how to investigate and prosecute offenders. Specific extradition and prisoner transfer protocols are, at this point, matters to be worked out between the states involved, and are not specified in the Convention on Cybercrime itself in any specific manner."
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Bosch?s Art, 2002.
A comparison of two paintings by Hieronymus Bosch - "Epiphany" and "Adoration of the Magi".
2,710 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 5 sources, MLA, $ 81.95
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Abstract
Two paintings by Hieronymus Bosch are compared and analyzed in this paper. The similarities and contrasts of "Epiphany" (approx. 1490) and "Adoration of the Magi" (1510) are shown. Although both depict the birth of Jesus Christ, the paper shows how the paintings differ in style and message. The author also touches on what was considered a third 'adoration' painting by Bosch, but which turned out to be a forgery.
From the Paper
"In the earliest version of the adoration of the Magi, known as the ?Epiphany? presumed to date anywhere from approximately 1480-1490, and the first treatment of the subject unquestionably attributed to Bosch, the painting has a personal and almost friendly quality to it. This painting, an oil on a panel, was evidently not commissioned by any patron. Unlike many paintings of the period, it gives, rather than a clear view of Mary presented as the queen of heaven, a vision of the young girl sitting in a tiny, old and dilapidated stable. Two wise men are standing, one sitting with his gift at his feat. The wise men appear to be in conversation, but not necessarily about the Christ child. They hold their gifts casually, as kings might, causal of valuable objects. Even the man sitting in reverence could be seen as showing his fascination with Christ?s youth, rather than with Christ?s divinity. The baby Christ Child almost appears vulnerable in relationship to the Magi in this picture. He has no halo, he is naked and unswaddled. Yet Christ reaches out to the wise man, at his mother?s like a friendly baby who is directly interested the affairs of all that come to him."
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Multiple Personality Disorder and Court, 2006.
A discussion regarding the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder as a basis for an insanity plea.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper discusses how the diagnosis of multiple personality disorder (MPD) in criminal trials has to date been used as a basis for the insanity plea in a number of acquittals ranging from forgery to rape to murder. The 1980 inclusion of MPD in DSM-III as a distinct clinical entity has given evidence to the disorder as an accepted psychological condition by the American psychiatric body and its eventual appearance in criminal settings. The paper further discusses how despite its inclusion in the classification of mental disorders much controversy has surrounded MPD and its viability in a courtroom setting.
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Negotiable Instruments, 2001.
This paper looks at negotiable instruments and some legal issues surrounding their use.
1,310 words (approx. 5.2 pages), 2 sources, MLA, $ 44.95
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Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of a person's legal rights when dealing in negotiable instruments. Negotiable instruments are checks, promissory notes, COD's and drafts, all of which must be in writing. The paper also examines the issues of fraud, forgery and liability which can sometimes accompany the use of negotiable instruments. The author also examines some of the legal remedies available to victims of these types of crimes.
From the Paper
"There are many defenses to avoid liability on negotiable instruments and elements associated with forgery, fraud and alterations in relation to negotiable instruments. One of the provisions in UCC Article 3-119 states that the defendant should give the third person written notice of litigation and other person should receive a similar notice. If the notice says that the person notified should appear to defend themselves, and that person does not appear that person would be held responsible. Other defenses are not of a material alteration, change was authorized, unauthorized completion, original terms, negligence, customer negligence to examine report, one-year bar and statute of limitations."
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